...Chapter 8 Verónica Rosendo Ríos © Observation Business Research Methods Verónica Rosendo Ríos Enrique Pérez del Campo Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation “Never trust to general impressions, my boy, but concentrate yourself upon details.” Verónica Rosendo Ríos © Sir Arthur Conan Doyle “I believe in evidence. I believe in observation, measurement, and reasoning, confirmed by independent observers. I'll believe anything, no matter how wild and ridiculous, if there is evidence for it. The wilder and more ridiculous something is, however, the firmer and more solid the evidence will have to be. ” 1-2 ISAAC ASIMOV Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation CONTENTS General concepts and characteristics Observation types Observation applications Pseudo-purchase Verónica Rosendo Ríos © 1-3 Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation • OBSERVATION: Verónica Rosendo Ríos © “Tools researchers can use to collect primary data about human behavior and marketing phenomena, regardless of the research design, whether exploratory, descriptive or causal” Hair et al. 2006 1-4 Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation Verónica Rosendo Ríos © • Advantages of observation: • They allow measurement of actual behavior rather than reports of intended or preferred behavior. • There is no reporting bias, and potential bias caused by the interviewer and the interviewing process is eliminated or reduced...
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...observed findings, facts and events. Science comprises of exact principles which can be verified and it can establish cause and effect relations. Main characteristics/features of science are: 1. Systematic body of knowledge: In science organized and systematic study material is available which is used to acquire the knowledge of science. Like science in management also there is availability of systematic and organized study material. So first feature of science is present in management. 2. Scientific principles are derived on the basis of logical and scientific observations: The scientists perform logical observation before deriving any principle or theory. They are very objective while doing the observations. But when managers are observing they have to observe human beings and observation of human being cannot be purely logical and objective. Some kind of subjectivity enters in the observations so this feature of science is not present in management. All the scientific principles have same effect, wherever we try them whereas effect of management principles varies from one situation to other. 3. Principles are based on repeated experiments: Before developing scientific principles scientists test these principles under different conditions and places. Similarly, managers also test and experiment managerial principles under different conditions in different organizations. So this feature of science is present in management. 4. Universal Validity: Scientific...
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...JOB ANALYSIS PRIME MANPOWER SUBMITTED BY: MACALALAD, MARY JOY C. SATUITO, KENNETH B. Company Profile Manpower Inc. (NYSE: MAN) is a world leader in the employment services industry; creating and delivering services that enable its clients to win in the changing world of work. Celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2008, the $21 billion company offers employers a range of services for the entire employment and business cycle including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment; employee assessment and selection; training; outplacement; outsourcing and consulting. Manpower’s worldwide network of 4,500 offices in 80 countries and territories enables the company to meet the needs of its 400,000 clients per year, including small and medium size enterprises in all industry sectors, as well as the world’s largest multinational corporations. The focus of Manpower’s work is on raising productivity through improved quality, efficiency and cost-reduction across their total workforce, enabling clients to concentrate on their core business activities. Manpower Inc. operates under five brands: Manpower, Manpower Professional, Elan, Jefferson Wells and Right Management. More information on Manpower Inc. is available at www.manpower.com. Address: 14/F Bankmer Building 6756 Ayala Avenue 1226 Makati City, Philippines The Manpower Network: 4,500 offices in 80 countries and territories Manpower and Manpower Professional collectively have 4,100 offices across...
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...affiliated with the client. One who is sent to observe and analyze a client's' performance, process, environment and communications with the mindset of the custome r more efficient and to establish a good client relationship. In doing this, the five phases of consulting are being taken into consideration. The five stages consist of the entry and contracting, discovery and dialog, feedback, and decision to act, engagement and implementation, and extension, recycle, or termination. The consultant begins with the entry and contracting phase. In this stage, the initial contact between the consultant and client begins here as well as, establishing the expectations of both parties. The consultant and client start the discussion on what the problems are, what are the guidelines necessary for reconfiguring if needed and for the consultant to determine if they are right for the job. The consultant is given the initial overview of the problem. By observing the client's everyday work performance and communication process, the consultant is coming up with its comprehension of the clients’ environment. Consultants can determine the personnel and equipment that are going to be involved with necessary in the reconfiguring stage if necessary After the observation of these areas, the consultant provides suggestions how the client can improve certain areas, by reporting to the appropriate managers and executives. In the feedback and decision to act phase, the consultant and client begin, if you...
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...ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATION OF PHYSICAL INVENTORY COUNT Physical inventory counting is a much unloved procedure in most merchandising and manufacturing businesses. The process ensures that the inventory on the company's financial books matches the amount of inventory on the sales floor, stockroom or warehouse. Many businesses undergo a thorough annual inventory count, usually at the end of either the calendar or their fiscal year. Sample, or cycle, counts are often conducted between full inventory counts. Sample counts are not intended to check the entire inventory. Instead, they check a portion of the inventory listed on the books. The primary reason auditors observe their client taking the physical inventory is to make sure the inventory reflected on the balance sheet actually exists and that the balance sheet includes all inventory owned by the company. This includes all raw materials, supplies, inventory in transit when using Free on Board (FOB) shipping point, inventory the company may have on consignment with another business, and inventory stored off the premises. Confirming the existence of inventory through your observations addresses the occurrence and completeness assertions as well. However, the auditor must always bear in mind that he is there not to participate in the actual counting of inventory but to rather observe. But before an auditor can pursue this audit procedure, he must first have to gather enough information about the company under audit’s inventory...
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...the transmission media (wired or wireless) 5: the use of specific protocols (the language used to communicate between computers) 6: the LAN's inter-connectivity (how the LAN shares with other networks) 2. Describe the function and characteristics of a network operating system (NOS). (Minimum word count: 100) A network operating system (NOS) manages the resources used within the network and enebles select services to select nodes. A NOS consists of two main components: a server component and a client component. The server component is the most complex component that runs on the server. The server component can do many things, to include; manage multiple users, provide access to files and printers, provide internet access, and enforce network security protocols. The client component runs on the client machine and enables the client to participate on the network. A NOS client component enables client systems to “see” and access network storage locations as if they were on the client machine. 3. Match each term below with the correct definition. Answer: 1 - _C_ 2 - _E_ 3 - _D_ 4 - _A_ 5 -...
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...1.Describe the purpose of an RPC. A) Remote Procedure Call (RPC) provides a different pattern for accessing network services.It provides Instead of accessing remote services by sending and receiving messages, a client invokes services by making a local procedure call. The local procedure hides the details of the network communication. The main purpose of RPC is to hide the existence of the network from a program.RPC is especially well suited for client-server (e.g., query-response) interaction in which the flow of control alternates between the client and server. Conceptually, the client and server do not both execute at the same time. Instead, the thread of execution jumps from the caller to the callee and then back again. 2. When two computers request a connection, what are the four primary actions that the Session Layer takes? A)the two...
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...PSYCHOLOGY: ABUSE, ADDICTION, & DISORDERS (AXIA) Clinical Assessment April 24, 2011 Assignment: Clinical Assessment Pre-consultation is the first initial contact with the potential clients, the documents of Clara’s medical history must be submitted for review, along with a documentation from her teachers at the pre-school pertaining to their observations with Clara. At this point any other documentation obtained prior to the adoption that may give further insight to evaluating Clara. In meeting with Clara and her adoptive parents the issue of Clara’s age and environment is the beginning process in evaluating the issues surrounding Clara. I recognize that questioning a four- year old child could appear to be very intimidating and frightening; therefore, the interview will be addressed in several phases to avoid overwhelming Clara. The first phase will initiate Clara be taken to a playroom, and observed by my associate and recorded while playing with dolls. This will give insight into whether Clara demonstrates...
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...Career Development Plan Part I--Job Analysis and Selection Report Lorna L. King HRM 531 August 16, 2010 Scott Beck 1. Executive Summary The findings show that Team King has the right skills and talent to take InterClean, to the new strategic direction of providing full-service cleaning solutions for organizations in the health care industry. Team King will undergo an intensive training program in the next month. Each member has sales goals of a minimum of two contracts per month and maintains contacts with current clients. Therefore, I recommend a 10% sales bonus for any sales above the minimum sales goal of two contracts per month. 2. Contents 1. Executive Summary 2 3. Introduction 3 4. Findings 3 4.1 Job Analysis 3 4.1.1 Job Analysis Methods 3 4.1.2 Job Duties 4 4.2 Workforce Planning System 4 4.2.1 Talent Inventory /Positions 4 4.2.2 Action Plan (training, placement, promotion, development and compensation). 5 4.2.3 Goals ...
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...Case 3 1.0 Problem Marcus Ang is a member from the field sales section. His sale performance in the recent months has been below target in contrast to his outstanding sales in the past year. Marcus blames it on the poor economic situation, however the other sales staff seem to able meet their target. How should Madam May May attribute Marcus’s performance? 2.0 Theory Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual’s behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. Determination depends on 3 factors which are distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency. Distinctiveness is whether the observed person acts the same way in different types of situations. If the person being observed exhibits the same behavior in a variety of contexts, then distinctiveness is low; if they have different behavior depending on the context, then distinctiveness is high. Consensus is the degree to which other people, if in the same situation, would behave similarly to the person being observed. If the observer sees others acting the same way that the person being perceived acts, then consensus is high. However, if others behave differently in the type of situation, then consensus is low. Consistency describes whether the person being observed behaves the same way when faced with the same set of circumstances. If the person being observed acts the same way in the same type of situation, consistency is high; if they act differently each time, then...
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...called: A. electronic data interchange (EDI). B. The World Wide Web. C. an Internet. D. an Intranet. E. electronic mail. | 5. D | A hypothesis is a proven proposition that asserts the probable answers to research questions. | 6. F | An ethical researcher would inform respondents of deceptions used in a research project after the project was completed. | 7. F | The right to privacy is absolute and cannot be waived by anyone under any circumstances. | 8. T | According to the textbook, which of the following is least likely to be considered unethical? A. A telemarketer selling carpeting begins the telephone sales call by saying he or she is conducting a survey about carpeting. B. A researcher does not tell his or her client that the sampling procedure in the proposal was considered too expensive, so an alternative sampling technique was used. C. Researchers do not tell respondents to a survey sponsoring the survey; that is they maintain a discreet silence about the sponsor of a survey by avoiding the issue. D. The researcher who identifies the most likely prospects for a new photocopying machine passes the names of these people to the sales manager. | 9. A | Which of the following...
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...organization to have continued success. Most organizations perform a job analysis to guarantee that the selection procedures they utilize to choose between job applicants are effective but defensible and measure knowledge, skills, abilities and personal characteristics to perform the job requirements (Stewart & Brown, 2011). The 7-Eleven enterprise has several positions that are essential to the customers, like the Night-shift clerk and the Delivery truck driver. These two positions impact the consumer on different levels, unlike the night-shift clerk the delivery driver has little contact with the client. A delivery truck driver and night clerk are entry level positions. The night clerk ensures that all customers are serviced and that merchandise is readily available for purchasing. Delivery truck drivers are responsible for ensuring products are in the store for the client. Customers expect the store to be opened with proper staffing 24-hours a day and have suitable merchandise to meet their needs. The night shift clerk must have working knowledge of the store technology to complete customer transactions and check inventory. This position requires the ability to maintain a clean, safe and organized environments for customers. A full understanding of inventory tracking, updating and other inventory procedures. The night clerk should have basic knowledge of customer service, cash registers, computers...
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...professionals examining culture is to be understanding to what the client is trying to say. People come from different backgrounds where they speak certain way, use certain types of technology, and traditions. The counselor is there not to disagree or agree with the client but to observe and to understand their way of thinking. The worldview is based on common beliefs and values. Counselors have to learn not to judge others based on their point of view. For instance a counselor should say “I see the world as…” instead of “From my point of view”. The worldview helps us to recognize our place in the world. The worldview also has a huge impact our personalities or the way we act and it also influences our aspect of culture. To be socially capable, counselors must consider the complexities included in approaching a client’s perspective and how it impacts observations and actions. Counselors are expected to examine how their viewpoint of the world impacts their own guiding practice. Counselors are urged to clarify what the client is expressing in other words asking the client to go into detail about the situation or issue. It is also good for the counselor to ask the client to give some kind of example. Counselors also want to go in depth when speaking with a client. The counselor should ask what components are causing the problems going on in the client’s life. The counselor is also expected to ask the client should we look at the issue from another angle or aspect. In conclusion...
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...discussing his worries with his friends because his son has always been a kind of showpiece son. Eventually, Parvez breaks his silence and tells them how his son has changed, hoping to receive some advice. After having a short conversation, they come to the conclusion that his son might be addicted to drugs and that he sells his things to earn money to buy drugs. After this meeting, Parvez goes to his taxi to drive home. But in his car he finds Bettina, a prostitute, who drives with Parvez very often and has become a confidante. Since Parvez has defended Bettina from a client who had attacked her, they take care of each other. Parvez tells Bettina what he has observed and that he and his friends assume that his son does all these strange things because he is drug addicted. Bettina instructs Parvez on how he has to observe his son to find out if there is anything physically wrong with him. However, after a few days of observations Parvez decides that his son appears totally healthy. The only physical change Parvez observes is that Ali is growing a beard. And it turns out that his son does not sell his things. He just gives them away. Parvez notices that Ali prays five times a day, although he had not been brought up to be religious. Parvez decides to invite his son to dinner to talk to him about his recent behavior. Initially, Ali refuses this invitation, but later he accepts it. Parvez drinks a lot during this meeting and they start to argue. Ali criticizes his father’s way of...
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...PROBLEMS, OPPORTUNITIES, OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS MATRIX |Project: Client Technology Tracking System |Project Manager: Peter Charles | |Created by: Anna Kelly |Last Updated by: Anna Kelly | |Date Created: 09/22/2011 |Date Last Updated: 09/22/2011 | |CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS |SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT OBJECTIVES | |Problem or Opportunity |Causes and Effects |System Objective |System Constraint | |The current system dose not accurately track |The papers placed in the three-ring binder are |A searchable database with configuration |Nixed the idea of having configuration and | |configuration information, leading to wasted time |disorganized so the information is never really |information is needed. |component information...
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