...Latin America was the slave trade. In this project, African’s affects to Latin America through the slave trade will be described, particularly focusing on the region of Colombia and contributions made on the Panama Canal. The history of African descendants in Latin American countries is very complex and controversial. The amount of African people in Latin America is surprisingly very high which resulted in the transatlantic slave trade in these countries. However, not all of these Africans were slaves, and the ones that were experienced a widely diverse set of conditions depending on a variety of factors. Spaniards felt that Indian slaves were inefficient and preferred to buy African slaves whenever possible. These African slaves were much more hard working and reliable than the previous Indian workers. Africans were also favored because of their ability to survive better under harsher conditions compared to the Indians. African labor was essential in all of Colombia. The Latino people used this newly found labor provided by these African slaves in every form and place they possibly could. Beginning in the 16th century, the slave trade took place across Latin American countries and has influenced African descendants drastically. On the other end of the spectrum, people in Africa were practicing slavery long before any were brought to Latin American countries. In Africa, slaves were not chosen based on racial differences but rather because a person was an outcast, captured...
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...Hispanic American Diversity When you think about Hispanics you might think that it is one ethnic group, however there are many ethnic groups incorporated under the heading Hispanics. For my topic today I am going to cover Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and people from Colombia. While they are all Hispanic they have different languages, traditions and family makeup. In this paper we will discuss the differences and the similarities of these diverse groups of people. It is amazing that although they cover such a vast amount of land geographically, there is so many things that they have in common. Mexican Americans are people of Mexican decent that have either been born here in the United States or became a United States citizen after immigrating here. A lot of people that believe that Mexican Americans work at jobs here in the United States that natural born citizens will not do, such as harvesting crops, bussing tables in restaurants and general labor positions. They take these jobs and are not paid a competitive wage. It seems to stand to reason that if they would not take these jobs, the employers would be forced to increase the salary, and they would not have to work for such substandard wages. While they come to this country with Spanish as their primary language, many immigrants learn English and it becomes their primary language. While it is harder for the older people to master English, when their children are enrolled in public education it is easier...
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...Afro-Colombians of Colombia Afro-Colombians are a unique group of people. They’re Colombians with african ancestry. If you ask them this though you might get a different response. A large portion of Afro-Colombians view themselves as just Colombians, as it they should. Black Colombians usually don’t identify as African because they just rather use skin color to justify their races, via shades of white and black. That being said Colombian is the owner of the largest population outside of Africa and the second largest in latin america after brazil. There is a huge injustice to Afro-Colombians.Slavery may have been abolished in 1851, but Afro-Colombians are still feeling the hate as if a few years had gone by after abolition. Afro-Colombians are mainly located on the pacific coast, they are highly concentrated in areas that are mainly focus on farming, cattle herding, and mining. Because of the uses of the land that the Afro-Colombians the areas that they are often found living in terrible conditions due to the fact that the region that they live in as a whole is tragically underdeveloped. These conditions are product of the system that has shown them nothing but hatred, from past to present. Afro-Colombians originally were the majority in Colombia during slave...
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...Atlantic Revolutions, 1600-1825 The revolutions of the eighteenth century have their origins in political and cultural developments of the seventeenth century. Of course, they were also products of all of major developments the European conquest of the Americas, the rise of kingdom states and empires, the tremendous wealth that resulted from the expansion of global trade, and the development of colonial cultures and societies in the Americas. Scholars call these cultures and societies creole societies, because they blended elements of European, native American, and African culture and society. Developments in England, 1641-1688 But revolutions are also inspired by ideas, and ideas that we may take for granted today had much of their start in England. Political conflict in Great Britain was a common theme of the seventeenth century. In 1641, a civil war led to the execution of the king (Charles I), and the establishment of a republic, what was known as the Commonwealth. Politics and religion both played a part in the Civil War, with the English nobility and wealthy commoners (whose interests were represented in Parliament, England’s legislature) wanting a greater say in how royal revenues were raised and spent. This republic quickly became a military dictatorship, and the old king’s son (Charles II) was invited back. But when Charles II died, the next king soon ran into trouble with Parliament, who feared that this king, James II, wanted too much power for himself. So in...
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...1. Look at the Cheik Anta Diop links, Parts 1-6. a. What major example does Diop use to demonstrate the lengths anthropologists and scholars will go through to establish the polygenetic theory? The major example that Dr. Diop uses to demonstrate the lengths anthropologists and scholars will go through to establish the polygenetic theory is the fabrication of a fake fossil by British geologist, Dawson, in 1912. Dawson created a fossil with eyes and forehead of a modern man, but had a mandible and canines of a monkey. b. State the infamous name(s) associated with the fabrication that went unchallenged for decades. Scientist from different countries adopted and defended the Pre-sapiens Theory that was manufactured to indicate that the first remainders were found in Europe. 2. Look at the Cheik Anta Diop links, Part 4. a. Name the four regional groups (i.e. ethnicity, phenotype). The four regional groups that Dr. Diop mentioned are black General Type Egyptian, the General Type of all Europeans represented by the artist, General type of all the other groups of the interior continent of Africa, and General Type of all the Semites living the area of Asia. b. Identify the ethnicity of the artist The artist represented himself as the Black General Type Egyptian, so that indicates that the artist was black. c. Identify what was commonly used as artists’ signatures at that time. 3. In your own words: a. What is an Afrocentric frame of reference? An Afrocentric...
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...gained from the Compromise California as a free state, New Mexico and Utah as likely future slave states, a favorable settlement of the New Mexico-Texas boundary, and the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Colombia. Southerners gained the burial of the Wilmot Proviso's persistence of new territories being free states, but the position of the free-soilers remained viable, for the compromise left open the question of whether Congress could prohibit slavery in territories outside the Mexican cession. How did the Compromise of 180 affect Southerners? 2) The Fugitive Slave Act affected the relationship between the two sides because often when a slave would leave and escape to the North, northerners wouldn't do anything to help get the slave back, in fact, in most incidents northerners tried to help keep slaves away from southerners if they escaped. South began to realize that opposition to slavery in the North was a threat to what they believed.-What was the Fugitive Slave Act and how did it hurt Southerners? 3) Uncle Tom's Cabin made many people convert to the belief that slavery was wrong and evil. It caused many people to view southerners as evil people. It also made northerners have sympathy for black slaves.-How did this book affect people's view of slavery? 4) The second party system collapsed because Whigs began to split into two groups: the American (know-nothing) Party and the Republican Party. Whigs also began to fall apart because of immigration. They thought immigration...
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...continue their expansion into the global marketplace. After consulting with experts, McDonald’s has agreed to seek their expansion into Colombia, South America. Their goal is to enter the Colombian marketplace and offer the McDonald’s experience to the Colombian people and market. Many countries already enjoy the McDonald’s experience and famous food products that are eventually adopted as staples in their fast food runs- no matter the country. McDonald’s has been successful in entering foreign markets and adapting their business to local markets and have the local population call McDonald’s their own versus an American product that has come to their country. This is one of the keys to the success that McDonald’s has mastered. Naturally, they have the resources, monetary and information power to enter foreign markets, however there are some attributes that Colombia has that must be taken in to consideration. Columbia is considered an emerging market in the world’s view and the best strategy for McDonald’s to enter their marketplace should be a intelligently strategic one. II. Columbia’s attributes to consider During the 16th century, Bogota was named the capital of Colombia; it was also during the late 1700’s that protests against the Spanish inhabitants started to occur. Dissatisfaction against rising taxes and slavery prompted the Colombian population to wage battles against the Spanish in the hopes of declaring independence from the Crown. Spain was...
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...“SOLD IN WAR: Women Trafficking and Armed Conflicts Introduction: A universal attribute of any society, tribe, or nation is its capacity and obvious willingness to wage wars. Whether or not to vanquish, to colonize, to protect, to develop, or to with ease set up a symbolic superiority, a nation’s use of military actions performs an primary function within the definition of that nation’s identification. Whatever the marketed purpose of a war, nonetheless, it is finally a social occasion that regularly allows for the dying and suffering of each warring parties and civilians and for the exploitation of thousands of men and women, children and adults on a grand scale. The chaos and turmoil of wartime seems to carry out the worst qualities in human beings. In an article published in the University of St. Thomas Law Journal it highlights that a major tenet of the laws of war is that “civilians, and women and children in particular, are to be protected from the trials and suffering of war to the fullest extent possible”. Therefore, it is ultimately the task of each military and its members to make sure their behaviors are consistent with the specifications in International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Even though the complete avoidance of civilian deaths and suffering is not realistic, it is the responsibility of an armed force to not intentionally target civilians and to consider operations in terms of the concepts of distinction, military necessity and proportionality. By their very nature...
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...* RIZAL AND HIS TIMES * February 19, 1861 – Czar Alexander II (1855-1881) issued proclamation emancipating 22,500 serfs to appease Russian masses. * April 12, 1861 American Civil War erupted because of negro slavery this compelled United States Pres. Abraham Lincoln to issue EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION on September 22, 1863 freeing negro slaves.April 1862 * EMPEROR NAPOLEON III of 2nd French Empire invaded Mexico and installed ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN as puppet emperor of Mexico City on June12, 1864. With President Lincoln support Suarez defeated French forces in the BATTLE OF QUERETARO (May 15, 1867). * 2. Later part of the 19th century Italians under COUNT CAVOUR OF GARIBALDI and his ARMY OF RED SHIRTS drove out Austrians and French Armies and proclaimed KINGDOM OF ITALY under KING VICTOR EMMANUEL with ROME as the Capital City. * The PRUSSIANS under OTTO VON BISMARK, the IRON CHANCELLOR defeated France and established the GERMAN EMPIRE in January 18, 1875 with KING WILHELM OF PRUSSIA as FIRST KAISER. * The glorious reign of QUEEN VICTORIA (1837-1901) proudly asserted. BRITANIA RULES THE WAVES. Acquired the island of HONGKONG when she defeated the Chinese MANCHU DYNASTY in OPIUM WAR (1840-1842). * England won again the OPIUM WAR (1856 – 1860) that force the MANCHU DYNASTY to cede KOWLOON PENINSULA opposite HONGKONG.ENGLAND conquer India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in 1859. She also conquered Burma, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Aden, Malaya, Singapore, Egypt, Australia...
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...world, a fact that rocked the socio-political, economic, and moral foundations of the Caribbean.[1] However, in the period following the Revolution, there is a noted increase of slavery in the Caribbean as a whole. Did the success of the Haitian uprising merely serve as a lesson for Caribbean planters and reinforce the slave society? To answer this question one must examine the factors that led to the Revolution’s success both externally, in the European metropoles, and internally, in the psychological and socio-political dynamics of Caribbean societies. Therefore, the Haitian Revolution appeared to impede abolition in the Caribbean in the short term because it reinforced white stereotypes of African savagery and inferiority, convinced planters of the danger of liberal and abolitionist ideals, and created a large void in the coffee and sugar markets which other colonies quickly filled by introducing more slave labor. While these effects should not be minimized, they were merely the logical aftershock of the tumultuous events in the established racial hierarchy. Ultimately, the Haitian Revolution was a major turning point in abolitionist history because it restructured the balance of power in the Caribbean thereby allowing a political gap for British abolitionists, the first organized anti-slavery movement from a metropole, to enter and because it drastically altered the psyche of enslaved Africans throughout the Caribbean world by proving that the combination of external...
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...Daniel Lopez Mr.Stanton 10 December 2014 Final Essay During the 1700s and early 1800s, Enlightenment ideas started to take place in Latin America. Many of these ideas that took place appealed to the people because it taught that every man was free and equal. These ideas were especially important to countries who were being ruled by an oversea power or to a nation where slavery existed. The Enlightenment helped inspire Latin American independence from colonial domination driven by social structure, a very important event among Latin American cultures in regards to quality of life and equality. During this time, the Napoleon invasion of Spain helped ignite a wide spread revolt. Latin American leaders saw an opportunity to reject foreign dominance and to demand independence from colonial rule. Although Latin America was inspired as a whole, the countries of Haiti and Mexico were greatly influenced by the movement. Haiti had over a half million enslaved Africans working on sugar plantations owned by the French. Sugar was a hugely profitable cash crop at the time; however, plantation owners would not improve the poor working conditions for slaves. In the late 1700s, a group of about 100,000 slaves revolted and soon a man named Toussaint L’Ouverture became their leader. During the early 1800s, L'Ouverture was sent to a French prison where he eventually died. During his time in prison, Haiti refused to quit its revolt and soon gained Independence in 1804. Without the ideas of the...
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...A number of women participate in human trafficking, not only as victims but also as traffickers. Demand for commercial sex is flourishing worldwide, where it is supported by prostitution and pornography. Every year, sexual exploitation affects millions of women and children all over the world, where transnational sex trafficking takes place across national borders, which demanding global cooperation to prosecute sex offenders and rescue victims of trafficking. The international nature of sex trafficking makes it very difficult to know how many people are actually trafficked. (5) According to global estimates of modern slavery, the number of victims of forced sexual exploitation is estimated at 3.8 million, as well as, in 2016, 1 million children who were victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The clear majority of the victims were women and girls by 99%. More than seven in ten victims have been exploited in the Asia-Pacific region. Followed by Europe and Central Asia by...
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...When I take the wheel of a BMW X6M and hit the gas pedal, I feel the power that the 8-‐cylinder engine gives me loosening its 550bhp. In this sense, power is what Angelina described: force x velocity. When I give a persuasive speech and engage my audience, I feel the energy that this accomplishment gives me. In this sense, power is the emotional feeling: adrenaline. But what can you do with power? Power gives you control, you can influence others, it enhances your authority, the one with the greatest power commands, who has the power rules… Power is an asset, and when not well deployed, it can be a fairly dangerous and powerful asset. My classmates explained above definitions of power in a variety of ways. To link power with the Business and Society course, I would like to demonstrate that the perception of power can be derived from four different...
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...second country in the Americas to do that achievement, and the first in Latin America to access it after a singular revolutionary process of abolitionist character, initiated in 1791, which led to a prolonged armed struggle against France, the colonizing power since the late XVII century. Later on, by the other side of the island, the spanish colony being neglected by Spain and encouraged by Colombia in 1821, the criollos taking advantage of that and wanting to unificate to Colombia, takes place the proclamation of the Independence adopting the official name of the Republic of Spanish Haiti on December 1, 1821 until its annexation to the Republic of Haiti on February 9, 1822 due to an occupation of the Haitian army led by Jean Pierre Boyer. The term "ephemeral independence" is precisely due to the short space of time during which independence was maintained, only two months and eight days!!! (And this is the first reason for the dominicans to hate haitians and the beginning of everything). During 22 years of occupation some people say that Haiti enslaved us when Haiti abolished the slavery giving freedom and land to slaves. With this measure, it weakened the power of the hateros and the great owners and of course they weren't happy with that. And for not make this longer the discontent grew until the independence of Dominican Republic on February 27, 1844. A dominican could say “we have reasons, we are right to treat them that way after trying to appropriate our territory for...
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...Political System and Development: Politics in Jamaica takes place in the framework of a representative parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The 1962 Constitution of Jamaica established a parliamentary state whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom. As the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II - on the advice of the Prime Minister of Jamaica - appoints a governor general as her representative in Jamaica. The governor-general has a largely ceremonial role. Jamaica constitutes an independent Commonwealth realm. The Constitution vests executive power in the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested both in the government and in the Parliament of Jamaica. A bipartisan joint committee of the Jamaican legislature drafted Jamaica's current Constitution in 1962. That Constitution came into force with the Jamaica Independence Act, 1962 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which gave Jamaica political independence. Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of worship, freedom of movement, and freedom of association. The judiciary operates independently of the executive and the legislature, with jurisprudence based on English Common Law. The governor-general is largely a ceremonial figure who appoints the prime minister and senate seats through the advice of parliament and the prime minister. The prime minister exercises...
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