...entertained (ToysRUs, 2014). This toy requires three double A batteries in order to operate. This toy is designed to help develop sensory skills and promote growth. This deluxe toy has pieces that can either be attached to the links or detached for interactive play. There are two modes of play: Lay & Play and Tummy time. Lay & play sets off music and colorful lights from your baby’s movement. The second mode, ‘Tummy time’ plays twenty minutes of either music or rainforest sounds and is designed for when the baby is laying on its stomach. In addition to the two modes, there are many activities, including a mirror used for peek-a-boo and an elephant that rattles. Both modes and all activities contribute to the baby’s motor, perceptual, cognitive, and language development. Physical/ Motor Development There are quite a few major motor milestones that occur during the suggested age range of Fisher-Prices’ Rainforest Melodies and Lights Deluxe Gym. This toy is good for a baby’s motor development because of the safe space it creates for the...
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...Korean). My interest in Japanese culture motivated me to study about them and now I can differentiate a Japanese person from a Chinese or Korean person. A summary of what I did: My primary interest was to know that, “How was I able to differentiate between East Asians races just by studying and watching videos about them?” To get my answer I first started by research material available on the Cross-Race effect. To really understand CRE I read abstracts of 9 to 10 books. All in all it has been a pleasure in reading all those books especially D.T. Levin books which helped me in getting a convincing answer to my questions. Cross-Race Effect: The cross-race effect, also known as own-race bias (ORB), is a well established phenomenon in face recognition research. In brief, it has been found that individuals show superior performance in identifying faces of their own race when compared with memory for faces of another, less familiar race. Mechanisms underlying the Cross-Race Effect: Percept versus concept: CRE has been of interest to social psychologists for more than half a century. A number of theoretical explanations for this effect have been proposed but coming to agreement on a satisfying theoretical account for this effect has proven difficult. Perhaps, the longest standing explanation for the CRE is the perceptual expertise hypothesis. Although there are many different variations of this hypothesis, the core argument is that perceivers have differential capability in...
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...Klauer, Karl C., Voss, Andreas, Stahl, Christopher (2011). Cognitive Methods in Social Psychology, Inferring Latent Processes After reading the article, in my opinion this is an analysis of a professional issue? This article is basically a guide line of information for researchers and students, who have issues with understanding the cognitive process, how these methods interfere or contribute with our daily lives. The main purpose of this article is to explain how the Cognitive methods and Cognitive theories is bidirectional. Cognitive methods now being used in social-psychological research is what is being describe in this volume. Some methods that are poplar is social psychology are affective priming, response interference paradigms, mathematical models, connection-ist simulation and the list goes on. Klauer, K, C, Voss, Andreas, Stahl, Christopher (2011). As stated the aim in this book is to provide researchers and students of social psychology with accessible information to these different cognitive methods. Each of the chapters will focus on different methods rather than on one specific method. So basically the book breaks the chapter so that the students and the researchers who are confuse or not sure about a specific method, can better understand what they’re reading and be able to translate to the information to another. One of the major finding was realizing, how much Attention plays a role in the cognitive process. According to the article, people don’t realize...
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...Project- Annotated Bibliography November 11, 2012 Dr. R. Bostic Annotated Bibliography Summary This is a three page paper on annotated bibliography which provides an overview of the resources to be used in the course project. The bibliography provides a list of journal articles followed by a brief evaluation of each articles. The paper is an APA format and has utilized ten sources. Annotated Bibliography Thesis statement The study of emotional regulation has in the past decades gained momentum in the field of psychology. This upsurge is because of the realization that emotion regulation is very important in the development of psychological outcome. Several strategies have been mentioned by different scholars (Carver and Scheiner, 1998; Frydenberg, 2008; Gross, 1998). However, the two most common strategies used are Expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal (Bebko, Franconeri, Ochsner, & Chiao 2011). According to Gross & John (2003) “Expressive suppression, a response-focused strategy, refers to the inhibition of external cues to one’s internal emotional state (e.g., facial expression), while cognitive reappraisal, an antecedent-focused strategy, involves “construing a potentially emotion-eliciting situation in a way that changes its emotional impact” (p.349). In simple terms, cognitive reappraisal is a strategy that involves changing our thoughts so as to reduce the emotional impact of a situation while expressive...
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...Definition of Personality * Encompass the characteristic traits and patterns of adjustment of a person in his interrelationships with others and his environments. * A holistic concept which is inclusive if those integrated qualities, impulses, habits, interests, ideals and other characteristics that compose the individual as he exist in society. * The entire system if relatively permanent tendencies, both physical and mental, that are distinctive of a given individual, and determine his characteristic adjustments to his material and social surroundings. * The pattern of organization of various responses made by individuals in the presence of general consistency to all the different kinds of behavior in which the unique or individual aspects of behavior. * Viewed as representing the essence of a person – what the person really is. It consists concretely of a set of scores or descriptive terms which are used to describe the individual being studied according to the variables or dimensions which occupy a central position within the particular theory utilized. Biological, Subconscious, and Hereditary Forces * Sigmund Freud – developed the concept of subconscious mind. * Human beings are dominated by subconscious motives and emotions * Early stages of childhood form the most important basis for adult personality * People are governed by two basic drives: 1. Life instinct – activities that are positive and constructive 2....
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... Acknowledgments: This publication was developed for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH) under contract #200-2002-00800 with ETR Associates. Suggested Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . 5 Introduction . 8 Methods 10 Conceptual Definitions . 10 Inclusion Criteria . 10 Identification of Studies that Met the Inclusion Criteria . 11 Classification of Studies . 11 Study Coding Process . 12 Data Analysis . 13 Results . 14 School-Based Physical Education Studies . 16 Recess Studies . 19 Classroom Physical Activity Studies . 21 Extracurricular Physical Activity Studies . 24 28 Summary . Overall Findings . 28 Findings for Physical Activity by Context . 29 Findings by Gender, Other Demographic Characteristics, and Research Design . 30 Strengths and Limitations of Review . 30 Implications for Future Research or Evaluation . 31 Implications for Schools . 32 References . 34 Appendices . 39 Appendix A: Database Search Terms . 39 Appendix B: Coding Sheet...
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...Personality Impact MGT/312 June 15, 2015 Gregory Lucht Personality Impact Paper In order for managers and employees to effectively get along in the workplace they must first learn how to understand and appreciate one another. The purpose of this paper is to summarize Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, it will also summarize my primary personality aspects, cognitive abilities that I can apply to the workplace, and mitigate any shortcomings. Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 Exhibit 2.5 is an assessment that measures the extraversion or positive affectivity of a person. According to the text a person, which is positively effective, is "predisposed to experience positive emotional states and feel good about themselves and the world around them" (page 43). People, who are extroverted, tend to be more sociable and affectionate towards others. Exhibit 2.6 is to measure the neuroticism or negative affectivity. Negative affectivity in the textbook is defined as people tendencies to "experience negative emotional states, feel distressed, and view themselves and the world around them negatively" (page 44). This is the exact opposite at positive affectivity. People, who have high neuroticism, are more likely to experience more stress over time and often have negative moods at work or home. Exhibit 2.7 is a measure of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences. The textbook explains agreeableness as individuals "who get along well with other people and those who...
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.......................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References................................................................................................................29 Figure 1.1: Stimulus-Organism-Response Model of Decision Making........................7 Figure 1.2: Cognitive Consumer Behaviour Models ..................................................10 Figure 1.3: Major components of the Theory of Buyer Behavior ..............................11...
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..............................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References................................................................................................................29 Figure 1.1: Stimulus-Organism-Response Model of Decision Making........................7 Figure 1.2: Cognitive Consumer Behaviour Models ..................................................10 Figure 1.3: Major components of the Theory of Buyer Behavior ..............................11 Figure 1.4: The Theory of...
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...actual or potential problems to promote health and wellbeing (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). This paper will outline two to three questions for each pattern used to assess the family and interpret the findings of a family assessment using Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns. The family interviewed consists of a husband and wife and their adolescent daughter. A brief summary of the findings for each health pattern will be discussed. From this information, two wellness and family diagnoses will be developed and presented. Summarize Findings for Each Functional Health Pattern 1. Health Perception-Health Management Pattern In this first patter, the family could identify a primary care physician and reported that each member has annual wellness checks. Exploration of healthy behaviors regarding diet and exercise revealed healthy patterns. The sleep pattern practices were the same, although the husband reports he is unable to get a full night’s sleep and feels fatigued and un-rested most of the time. There were no unhealthy behaviors identified in relation to smoking, drug or alcohol use or risky lifestyle behaviors. 2. Nutritional Metabolic Pattern The family reports that due to work and school schedules, breakfast and lunch are eaten at...
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.............................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References................................................................................................................29 Figure 1.1: Stimulus-Organism-Response Model of Decision Making........................7 Figure 1.2: Cognitive Consumer Behaviour Models ..................................................10 Figure 1.3: Major components of the Theory of Buyer Behavior ..............................11 Figure 1.4: The...
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...developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence testfor children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. The WISC takes 65–80 minutes to administer and generates an IQ score which represents a child's general cognitive ability. ------------------------------------------------- History The original WISC (Wechsler, 1949) was an adaption of several of the subtests which made up the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1939) but also featured several subtests designed specifically for it. The subtests were organized into Verbal and Performance scales, and provided scores for Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ). A revised edition was published in 1974 as the WISC-R (Wechsler, 1974), featuring the same subtests however the age range was changed from 5-15 to 6-16. The third edition was published in 1991 (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) and brought with it a new subtest as a measure of processing speed. In addition to the traditional VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores, four new index scores were introduced to represent more narrow domains of cognitive function: the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the Perceptual Organization Index (POI), the Freedom from Distractibility Index (FDI), and the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The current version, the WISC-IV, was produced in 2003 followed by the UK version in 2004. Each successive version has re-normed the test to compensate for the Flynn effect...
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...Chapter 1 The Dimensions of Psychology Summary: Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors. Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, was an advocate of this position and is often considered the founder of structuralism, despite the fact that it was his student, Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought. Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate...
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...(2003) User Interface Design. MacMillan Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Vol. 4, London: MacMillan, 453-458.Keywords: human-computer interaction, applied cognitive science, design, computer.Contents listIntroduction Cognitive Science and design The Basics of Human-Computer Interaction Cognitive Design Guidelines: from psychophysics to semiotics Beyond guidelines Cognitive theories and models in HCI Developing user-centered design methods Summary Bibliography GlossaryArticle definitionThis article covers the basic issues that the field of cognitive science raises in the design and testing of new digital technologies for human use.1. IntroductionThe design of computer interfaces that are usable and easily learned by humans is a non-trivial problem for software developers. As information technologies mediate many of the activities we now perform routinely as part of our lives, the attention paid to the process of human-computer interaction is enormous. Since much of the process of interaction is cognitive in nature, involving perception, representation, problem solving, navigation, query-formulation and language processing, the theories and methods of cognitive science are viewed as directly relevant to such concerns. The result has been the emergence of an applied cognitive science for software design that is known as the field of Human-Computer Interaction or HCI.2. Cognitive Science and designTraditional cognitive science approaches to HCI and user interface design model...
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...Differences in parental influence on adolescent academic achievement in American and Asian societies (Taiwan, China, & Japan) A lot of attention has been paid to the roles parents play in influencing adolescent academic achievement. The purpose of this project is to compare differences in parental influence on adolescent academic achievement between American and Asian societies. The Asian countries focus on Taiwan, China, and Japan. The project also offers some explanations for why Asian adolescent students outdistance American students in academic achievement. If we give a definition of achievement or achievement motivation, we can define it as people wanting to develop a competent self, or individuals having the motivation to succeed, to be good at something, to be independent and competitive, and to do well at whatever they may attempt. We can analyze Weinerís attribution theory of achievement into three dimensions: the locus of control, stability, and controllability. (Weiner, 1986) What students attribute their academic achievement to is a big issue. If students believe a failure is controllable - the result of low effort ñ they may be spurred on by that failure to do better next time. And a significant and important factor that affects studentsí attribution might be parental influence. In different countries, parents have totally different attitudes toward their childrenís academic performance. This article provides possible reasons for why Asian students outdistance...
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