...that I would agree most with the psychodynamic viewpoint as well as the sociocultural viewpoint. I had difficulty in choosing only viewpoint when the causal factors can be extremely vague when it comes to substance abuse. I agree with the psychodynamic viewpoint because people who experience a lack of nurturing during early childhood often carry it with them throughout their adult lives if the issue goes unresolved. Substance abuse is not the only disorder that may be caused by childhood trauma. There are a lot of other disorders that can be linked to early childhood experiences as well, which is why I find myself agreeing with this viewpoint. I also would have to agree with the sociocultural viewpoint because society plays an enormous role when it comes to an individual’s behavior and attitude, a person’s environment can definitely have an impact on their decisions in life. People are constantly striving for the approval of others or trying to fit in with their friends, so the sociocultural viewpoint seems perfectly reasonable. Furthermore, I believe that the behavioral/cognitive and biological viewpoints are also important when it comes to understanding the causes of substance abuse. However, I do not find them as influential as the psychodynamic and sociocultural viewpoints. There seems to be a biological basis for almost any disease or disorder, but I feel that there is still a lot to learn about the biological viewpoint of substance abuse. The behavioral/cognitive...
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...Personal Ethics Statement There are many ethical viewpoints out there out today, an example can be of the viewpoint of on how the elderly and disable should be treated. I have first hand seen the bad treatment on the elderly and the disable. Some people view them as being weak, and almost useless. This is wrong to have this type of view just because they can't get around like they use to, or see things the way the we ( young adults and youth) see things, don't mean they are any different than we are. But it seem that people don't care. For an example, when I am looking for a parking space I tend to park further away so that the elderly and the disable can have a closer park for themselves. This is what I do, do others do this, I don't know. It really don't seems like no one care if the ones who need a close park or need to park in the handicap should park there. In fact, I see people park in the handicap and look like they either don't need a handicap park, or look like they just took they park even though its not their handicap sticker. This is just one example of ethical viewpoint. When I first saw that I had to write about my blind spots I have, I had to sit and think because I didn't know. As I was thinking, I was that my blind spot was somewhat obvious to myself, I don't like asking for help. I would rather fail an assignment them ask for help. I really need to be more open to get help when I need it, then not being able to succeed I what I need help with. I...
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...In times of conflict, gaining an understanding between two parties can still be insufficient to obtain a level of peace, one must also be willing to accept the others viewpoint. Even when the same level of understanding has been accomplished, an individual can still encounter intra-personal conflict as a result. In order to minimise the amount of conflict we encounter, we must first attain a level of understanding of another’s own morals and viewpoints. In times, our own identity can be a productive force that instigates conflict. In Greenville’s novel ‘The lieutenant’ the governor ordered a prisoner to be lashed for the stealing of food in the settlement. Warungin, the native, watched on in interest, yet soon he finds himself standing alone pleading with the governor for the ‘horror of the punishment’ to stop. What is seen as a horrendous brutality in his eyes is considered to be standard practice for the marines of His Majesty’s Service. This level of misunderstanding creates a division between Warungin and The British allowing tension to rise and Inter-personal conflict to occur, because the morals of each party do not agree. This is also demonstrated in the documentary ‘A Kill Team’. Set in the war zone of Afghanistan in a platoon of around 20 U.S soldiers, Sergeant Winfield is confronted with a viewpoint that does not agree with his own standing morals....
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...Conservatism does not have one single viewpoint or stance on human nature or imperfection as Conservatism as a whole encompasses different strands or beliefs within it. For example One Nation conservatives have a different philosophy on human imperfection than New Right conservatives do. One Nation conservatives hold the belief that we as humans are: greedy and have a limited capacity for altruism, a complex mix of emotions and contradictory motivations making us irrational, not totally consistent and are at balance the majority of the time with corruption. They believe that our inherent imperfect human nature stems from original sin, the Christian Belief. This shows a wholesome negative outlook on human nature. The New Right on the other hand is more positive as a result of the neo-liberal ideological view that we are in fact rational, shown by the classical liberal belief in self-regulating society and a ‘realm of coercion’. However, as the New Right is a marriage of neo-liberal and neo-conservative views there is also the negative view of human nature present, as held by traditional conservatives. At the heart of the debate, obviously is whether or not conservatism is a philosophy of imperfection, it is my view that it is a philosophy of imperfection to a large extent, as I will explain now. To begin, it is important to quote O’Sullivan who in 1976 said that conservatism is a ‘philosophy of imperfection. He said this, as unlike many ideologies which believe that humans are...
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...How far did ‘luck’ play a part in Margaret Thatcher’s leadership election victory of 1975? As is typical of history, Margaret Thatcher’s leadership election victory of 1975 has produced many differing views from historians on the extent of Margaret Thatcher’s good fortune in her ascent to power within the Conservative Party. The central focus of the debate is whether her election had mainly been due to luck- events that she had no real control over and had ‘fallen her way’, or whether, although some luck may have been involved, it had mainly been Thatcher’s own personal attributes and doing that allowed her to gain an unexpected majority over Ted Heath. Andrew Marr focuses predominately on ideological transitions within the Conservative Party. The general feeling conveyed in his chapter is that it was good fortune that had played the main part in her rise to power. Edward du Cann, and Keith Joseph, in his view, would have been worthier opponents more desirable to the Tory party, and it was their personal failings to stand for election that meant that Thatcher obtained votes ‘by default’; she had been the only reasonable candidate left standing, and thus obtained the votes necessary to win. Marr puts forward the idea that Thatcher essentially ‘adopted’ the Josephite figure and had good fortune as she inherited a policy that he had laboriously created and promoted, and had only received a large amount votes purely due to her association with the increasingly attractive Josephism...
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...Fifth of July Character Arc Fifth of July is a play written by Lanford Wilson about a non-conventional, and quite dysfunctional, family of friends living in mid-Western America in the 1970s, with themes of family, friends, war, loss, and the future. Each of the characters is coping with their own individual circumstances, and when these struggles are all brought together under one roof, tensions rise. June is dealing (and has been dealing) with the pressures and hardships of being a single mother. Aunt Sally is coping with the loss of her beloved husband, Uncle Matt, and struggling to find the perfect place to scatter his ashes. Ken is having a battle within himself about selling the family home: on one hand, he is struggling financially and wants to ensure a secure future for him and his partner, Jed; on the other, he is feeling guilty for the thought even crossing his mind, considering his family grew up in that home and it holds sentimental value. This, coupled with the adjustment to his post-war state of being, takes a toll on Ken and puts him under incredible stress. Ken is attempting to sell his house, “The Talley Place,” to his friends John and Gwen Landis in order to have financial security and opt out of a teaching position at a school. As the story develops, Ken gets more and more anxious to sell the home, despite his sister June intervening and explaining that John and Gwen wouldn’t appreciate the home and maintain it properly. It is in the final scene...
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...overseas during the war. The right-wing Conservative leader thought to remain prime mister, expecting public gratitude. However, the English vote for parties, not people. There was a demographic impact within Britain that led to the swing of leadership from a more capitalist based party to a more socialist based party. The people of Britain were haunted by the 1930s, a world in which “seldom the all-importance of food is recognized. You see statues everywhere to politicians, poets, bishops, but none to cooks or bacon-curers or market gardeners”, as described by Orwell. A time in which the poor were overlooked and undermined, a land in which the people “bred in the slums can imagine nothing but the slums.” Why was Churchill, being the national hero that he was, rejected by the Britons? Was it the failure of the Conservatives, which gave rise to Labour; or was it the rise of Labour which led to the failure of the Conservatives? These are some key aspects that this essay will attempt to consider. This paper will focus on how the rise of Labour, through their efforts locally, won over the population in order achieve a significant victory. Conducive to that change in leadership was the lack of Tory focus on social-policy and attention towards the working-class, which emanated from the lack of party politicking on the part of Churchill himself. Churchill was the leader of the Conservative Party, who governed the country in 1940. The Conservative Party is essentially a capitalist...
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...House of Lords. Can remove the government of the day in a vote of confidence. E.g. 1979 vote of no confidence in James Callaghan's Labour government. However, in reality it has only a limited influence over legislation due to executive domination of the House of Commons: the Westminster voting system offers the government majority control over the Commons and the party discipline system allows ministers to control backbenchers. Formal mechanisms to ensure accountability like Question Time and select committees are often relatively weak. But, declining levels of party unity have led to more independent, educated and assertive backbenchers, who are able to exert a greater influence. E.g. Conservative backbench rebellion 2011 on having an EU membership referendum, where a massive 81 conservative MPs voted for having it. However, counterbalancing this is a growing trend for landslide majorites, which allows governments to resist pressure from backbenchers and opposition. The formal powers of the House of Lords are, in contrast, quite unimpressive. Lords can only delay legislation from the Commons for a year maximum. Cannot delay money-related bills. Cannot remove the government of the day and can only veto a very limited range of matters like the sacking of senior judges and delay of Westminster elections. BUT, in practice, the House of Lords often has a greater influence over the government than the Commons. E.g. Tony Blair's government was never defeated in the Commons...
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...victory in the 1979 election. Source 3 therefore strongly agrees with the statement. Pugh also says that if 'Callaghan held an election in the autumn of 1978, he might well have won.' This shows that Callaghan was personally more popular than Margaret Thatcher. Even though this was the case, the Conservatives had a parliamentary majority. This therefore suggest that it was the more short term reasons like the winter of discontent that gave Margaret Thatcher her victory. Additionally, the winter of discontent lead to a number of strikes by public workers who felt that they were being mistreated by the government following the cuts in public expenditure. These strikes lead to industrial chaos which in turn made Callaghan's government lose support which gave Thatcher an advantage. Another result from the industrial chaos was an increase in unemployment. Unemployment rose to more than 1.6 million by 1978. Source 2, a conservative campaign poster displays the mass unemployment. As Conservative is the opposing the party, the source would be biased and therefore would make Labour seem weak, 'Labour isn't working' and give the message that Britain would be in a better state under the Conservative party....
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...Did Thatcher break society and can the big society concept fix it? Stephen Hunt Politics With Marketing Management 1st May 2012 Contents Page 2 ‘There is no such thing as society’ 4 Thatcher in power 12 Labour and the big crash 15 the Big society concept 22 Conclusion 25 Bibliography ‘There is no such thing as society’ ‘There is no such thing as society;’ this one sentence spoken by Margaret Thatcher in an interview to woman’s own in 1987 was seen by her many critics as capturing the essence of her political mission. They believed that she wanted to remove the sense of community in Britain. The Thatcher ethos was seen as negativity towards the state’s role in people’s lives that it was up to each individual to look after him or herself. The Thatcher era was seen by many as about winners and losers, the winners were well rewarded with lower taxes, a property boom, rising wages, opportunities to purchase council houses and shares in the privatized companies at discount rates. If you had a job and money under the Thatcher government, there was multitude of opportunities. Whilst those who were without jobs and were dependant on welfare saw industries such as manufacturing decreasing in size, welfare payment cut in size, training being either cut or unfunded. They were expected to pay catch up with the winners on their own initiative without much help from the government. Much of the opposition came from the left, who Thatcher herself had little time for and one...
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...Conservatives one nation principles Conservatives after Macmillan haven't supported the growth of trade unions, citing Margaret Thatcher and the crushing of the Skargill strikes in 1984 is the best example that the modern Conservative party has not supported this aspect of one nation. They didn’t support it because strikes are genuinely unpopular, even if one supports the message behind the strike you are still not going to like the inconvenience it causes furthermore the Conservatives are funded by individuals and business and not by unions so it would be politically damaging to support increased union power. it could be argued that Thatcher didn't support Mixed Economy at all, as a neo-liberal she advocated the power of the free market and advocated privatisation something that continued with her successor, John Major e.g. Nationalisation of British Rail in 1994. However the current banking crisis and the admission of the Tories that nationalising banks was the right thing to do may indicate a certain support for a mixed economy at times. After WW2, an empire was simply not feasible, however the Conservatives have supported the maintenance of a certain number of colonies hence the reason we went to war over the Falklands in 1982. Reason? National outcry at Argentinian aggression, traditional sentiment over the empire days. I would argue that apart from Macmillan's drive to reluctantly support High Public Spending, his successors have all been against this, advocating...
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...Margaret Thatcher Was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known Margaret born on 13th October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. Thatcher became a Conservative member of parliament for Finchley in North London in 1959, serving until 1992. According to Jeff (2013), she was a first woman prime minister in Europe and the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century. Volkery (2013) stated that Soviet journalist called Thatcher as “Iron Lady”. Dominant Personalities Extroversion refers a person is outgoing, sociable, and comfortable talking to new people. I think Thatcher have a high degree of extroversion. She was willing to meet and talk with people that she had not met before. For example, Thatcher was a first foreign visitor meet Ronald Reagan in United States and she received the warmest possible welcome. After the meeting, they formed a very close personal friendship. Moreover, Thatcher also was a sociable leader. In 1982 she was a first British prime minister to visit China for a discussion with Deng Xiaoping about independence of Hong Kong (Cottrell, 1992). Emotional stability refers a person is...
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...'The House of Lords is now more effective than the House of Commons in checking government power'. Discuss In theory the House of Commons is the dominant chamber as it is elected while the House of Lords plays more of a revising role, issues to be considered include the powers of each chambers, the fact the House of Lords is more independently minded and the impact of the whips. It will ultimately be argued that the House of Commons remains far more effective due to having greater powers in checking the government power. Firstly, the House of Commons has the ultimate check on government power via a vote of no confidence, this last happened in 1979 when Margaret Thatcher was able to be elected due to the Labour government's failure. The vote of no confidence allows the House of Commons to directly confront the government which creates a mutual respect between the government and the House of Commons as they can get rid of a government if they believe the government is failing to use its power correctly and effectively. Also, only the House of Commons has the power to reject legislation compared to the House of Lords which can only suspend the legislation for a maximum of 2 years. For example, in 2001 the House of Lords voted 317-68 against a fox hunting ban, and in 2004 they again threw out the plans for a complete ban, however in November 2004 the parliamentary act was invoked and the bill came into force in 2005. However, the fact the House of Lords is more independently...
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...Explain why the Liberal Party won a landslide victory in the 1906 general election There were many factors that enabled the victory of the Liberal Party in the 1906 election, most importantly, due to the neglect of social reforms when the Conservatives were in power between 1885 and 1906. Also, the Liberals used the disregard from the Conservatives for the tariff reform campaign in 1903 to encourage many citizens to vote Liberal, this links to the fact the Liberals mostly gained a lot of support by portraying the conservatives to be untrustworthy and only having concern to the aristocrats, rather than discussing new reforms to help citizens, of which, mostly were in poverty. This is supported by the fact the Liberals had 244 more seats than the Conservative Party commencing the election in 1906. The most significant reason for the Conservatives defeat in 1906, was due to their neglect of social reform, and with 35% of people in London in poverty and 10% of people below the poverty line, discovered by Charles Booth and Rowntree’s, through their research, social reform was needed, but was ignored by the conservatives, encouraging those of lower class to vote against the Conservatives as they would not be affected positively by them being in power once again. This is further emphasised during the Boer War between 1899 and 1902 where it was found two thirds of soldiers were unfit to fight, causing outrage in Britain as there were no social reforms raised to help this. However...
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...Some people claim that the rice in the quantity of passive political participation is forming democratic crisis in Britain. The main purpose of this essay is to explore the problem of low levels of participation and its connection with crisis of democracy. Firstly, it will highlight the role of parliament. Secondly, it will evaluate drawbacks and benefits of election systems and the devolution. Thirdly, it will illustrate the roles of political parties and low results of participation in elections. Possibilities for and trends of becoming participated in the political process by people is political participation. Generally, political participation contains a number of points such as awareness of current issues, supporting online forums, taking part in all kinds of elections, standing for political office, joining and becoming active in pressure group and political party and participating in physical and e-petitions (McNaughton: 2012). Vlassopoulos (2009:29) mentions that direct popular participation in making decisions is the vital aspect in definition of democracy. One of the main functions of Parliament is representation. This means that elected MPs should represent and defend the interests of their voters. However, in real life citizens have no significant impact on the activities of legislators. Another important function is that it is the origin of political authority and exercising of power is impossible without Parliament’s sanction. Furthermore, the UK government membership...
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