...Vicki Graves 8/2/2015 Short Paper 1 INT-600 High-Context vs Low Context South Korea & U.S. Edward T. Hall created the phrase high-context culture to describe a country/culture’s communication style. A high-context culture, like South Korea, is one where “there are many contextual elements that help people to understand the rules.” (Hall’s cultural factors). That being said, because of the “unwritten rules” or nonverbal communication it can be confusing for an individual to fully understand the communication. A low-context culture, like the U.S., is one where “very little is taken for granted meaning more explanation is needed and there is less chance of misunderstanding particularly when visitors are present.” (Hall’s cultural factors). There is more of a focus on verbal communication than nonverbal like body language. Between a high-context culture like South Korea and a low-context culture like the U.S. there are many similarities and differences when it comes to cultural dimensions. Hofstede’s model of national culture uses five dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation. Power distance focuses on how power is distributed and the extent to which subordinates accept how power is distributed unequally. It focuses on the belief that superiors and subordinates are different kinds of people. In South Korea power distance is high, receiving a score of 60 according to Hofstede, and embraced by all. It is and...
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...Edward T. Hall created the phrase high-context culture to describe a country/culture’s communication style. A high-context culture, like South Korea, is one where “there are many contextual elements that help people to understand the rules.” (Hall’s cultural factors). That being said, because of the “unwritten rules” or nonverbal communication it can be confusing for an individual to fully understand the communication. A low-context culture, like the U.S., is one where “very little is taken for granted meaning more explanation is needed and there is less chance of misunderstanding particularly when visitors are present.” (Hall’s cultural factors). There is more of a focus on verbal communication than nonverbal like body language. Between a high-context culture like South Korea and a low-context culture like the U.S. there are many similarities and differences when it comes to cultural dimensions. Hofstede’s model of national culture uses five dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation. Power distance focuses on how power is distributed and the extent to which subordinates accept how power is distributed unequally. It focuses on the belief that superiors and subordinates are different kinds of people. In South Korea power distance is high, receiving a score of 60 according to Hofstede, and embraced by all. It is and has always been a norm in society. Everybody has a place starting from birth, although that place can...
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...Low Context Cultures Media Activity-Workgroup Norms Communication 623 Professor Lambert November 27, 2011 In order to communicate successfully you have to consider the cultural differences and the predominating communication process for individualistic and collectivistic cultures. It is best to explain theses differences in terms of low- and high-context communication. Context has to do with how much you have to know before you can communicate effectively. When workers from high-context and low-context cultures have to work together problems often occur as a result of the type of information exchanged as well as how that information is exchanged. These problems can be categorized as differences in “direction”, “quantity” and “quality”. At differences in direction employees from high-context cultures like China and France adapt to their good friends, families and also to close colleagues (in-group members). They communicate with them intensively (quantity difference) and exchange specific/detailed information about many different topics. The result is that every group member is constantly up-to-date with the facts around the business. Edward T. Hall, a respected anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher, identified classic dimensions of culture in his books The Silent Language and The Hidden Dimension. Understanding and applying this concept can help today’s leaders improve their communication skills across cultures. A key factor in his theory is context. This...
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...High context refers to societies or groups where people have close connections over a long period of time, while low context refers to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. In high context culture, many aspects of cultural behavior are not made explicit because most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other. Because high contexts can be difficult to enter if you are an outsider, I should expect some time until I can merge with team. I have to build long term relationships with each other in my team, also my bosses. Since decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face relationships, often around a central person who has authority, I should focus on facial expressions, eye movement, and tone of voice of each other as well. I should respect my teammates to gain trust from them before doing business with them. After I can gain trust from them, I should work like everyone is my family members. The two approaches to managing team conflict which I prefer the most are collaborating and avoiding. Collaboration is both assertive and cooperative. This approach is...
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...Faculty of Design Module Name: Programme Name Programme No. Assignment Title Project Objectives Assignment Brief 2012-2013 Culture & History 1: Product Design Masters (QF Level 4) BA (Hons) in Product Design DS 125 103 Module no Year 1 – Sem. 1 Total Hours: 42 DPD4120 No. of weeks: 14 Hours per week: 3 This project is designed to assess your ability to: - interpret the key issues of product design from different perspectives, including social, economic and technological, through rigorous explorations on selected product design masters. - critically review contemporary product design in the professional context. relate key aspects of the design masters’ design philosophies to design artefacts. Brief This assignment allows you to demonstrate your understanding of the design philosophies of the product design masters and apply critiques across theoretical and practical work. In this assignment you will be required to: research into one current or past product design master; relate key aspects of the design masters’ design philosophies to design artifact; interpret the key issues of product design from different perspectives, including social, economic and technological; critically review their contributions and effect to contemporary product design; and write an essay with a minimum of 1,500 words based on your findings. Deliverables 1,500 word essay in hard copy plus a soft copy in MS Word format uploaded into MOODLES. (MLO 2, 3, 4) 1. 2. 3. The essay...
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...Joseph Rosario Week 1 Assignment Communication Opinion Paper Effective communication is an essential element of basic communication. Without it, meaning cannot be transferred from one person to another and any misunderstandings could lead to dire consequences. The process of communication is composed of three elements: the source (sender, speaker, transmitter, or instructor), the symbols used in composing and transmitting the message (words or signs), and the receiver (listener, reader, or student). The three elements are dynamically interrelated since each element is dependent on the others for effective communication to take place. The relationship between instructor and student also is dynamic and depends on the two-way flow of symbols between the instructor and student. The instructor depends on feedback from the student to properly tailor the communication to the situation. The instructor also provides feedback to the student to reinforce the desired student responses. Each individual involved in the health care industry is an agent of communication. Whether the communication is verbal or nonverbal, millions of messages are being communicated on a daily basis in the industry. Effective communication requires the ability to understand and to be understood. A large aspect of communication is listening and responding to the needs or desires of the person communicating. A health care professional's performance is directly related to his or her ability to effectively communicate...
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...Please answer following questions: 1) Briefly define a monochronic culture. 2) Briefly define a polychronic culture. 3) What is meant by a Low Context Culture? 4) What is meant by a High Context Culture? 5) The basis of monochronic cultures is the time-line. What is the basis of polychronic cultures? 6) Explain what is meant by "monochronic cultures use short-term relationships". 7) What is meant by monochronic cultures tend to want "mastery over nature"? 8) How do monochronic and polychronic cultures tend to consider nepotism? 1) In a monochronic culture, people tend to place a high value on timeliness and schedules. They focus on the value of time, and therefore tend to have a very rigid interpretation of how to organize their schedules. Monochronic people generally prefer to do one thing at a time and to devote their full concentration to the task at hand, whether it be completing an assignment for work or school or having coffee with a friend. People belonging to this type of culture are also concerned about not disturbing others, and they follow the rules of privacy and consideration, they show respect for private property and are accustomed to short-term relationships. Cultures typically described as monochronic can be found in North America, Northern Europe, and parts of Asia. MONOCRONIC CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS (n an everyday life and in a business context) - sequential: do one activity at the time, follow initial plans, time is measurable, keep appointment...
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...creativity is at the heart of the school’s standards which appear to be continually improving the holistic needs of the children, in turn impacting performance. I will look closely at three national initiatives and assess their effectiveness: The Creative Partnership Scheme, Investors in pupils and SEAL: social, emotional, aspects of learning. I will then look at how the school incorporates aspects of faith within the context of children’s daily learning. The school incorporates other initiatives; however, I believe the aforementioned three to be the most relevant to the school’s aims and pivotal to their continued improvement. I will incorporate other sources of information which will include educational literature, publications, government documents, reports, theories and concepts. I have gathered evidence through independent observation and discussion with the class teacher in order to understand more about the impact of holistic needs on children. During my time at school A, I have utilised observation of children to understand how impacts take effect in different contexts. To conclude, I will identify implications that potentially could impact my future development as a...
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...A critical component of validity is reliability. Validity embodies not only what positive outcomes a selection approach may predict, but also how consistently(i.e., reliably) it does so. In this chapter we will (1) review ways of improving the consistency or reliability of the selection process; (2) discuss two methods for measuring validity; and (3) present two cases that illustrate these methods. First, however, let’s consider a legal issue that is closely connected to validity: employment discrimination. Avoiding Discrimination Charges Avoiding content errors Reducing rater inconsistency VALIDITY OF SELECTION METHODS Validity refers to the quality of a measure that exists when the measure assesses a construct. In the selection context, validity refers to the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and usefulness of the inferences made about applicants during the selection process. It is concerned with the issue of whether applicants will actually perform the job as well as expected based on the inferences made during the selection process. The closer the applicants' actual job performances match their expected performances, the greater the validity of the selection...
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...COMMUNICATION OPINION PAPER 1 Communication Opinion Paper Kimberly Keddington HCS/320 3/24/2014 Sandra Anderson COMMUNICATION OPINION PAPER 2 Healthcare Communication Effective communication is a fundamental part for the success of any professional or personal relationship. Learning to be a skillful communicator requires you to gain knowledge of the steps of the elements in communication. All of the elements can be used in many situations; public speaking, personal relations, medium advance and business associations. The essential communication mold consists of five elements of communication: the sender/receiver, encoding/decoding, the message, the channel and feedback. The sender takes on the role of starting the communication. For the communication to be proficient, the sender should use efficient verbal as well as any nonverbal signals that one would give. Writing or speaking clearly, placing the points to make them easy to follow and comprehend, using eye contact if the communication is verbal, with appropriate grammar and giving precise information are all important in the value of your message. The sender will lose the audience if they become conscious of noticeable oversights on your part. The sender should have a basic understanding of who the...
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...Business Memo To: From: Date: 2/5/2014 Subject: Manager-Employee Issues I am writing the memo to share some issues I have with one of my employees. Ten moths ago I hired a salesman with Chinese origin to help the company to take over the Chinese businesses in Plano, Texas. I cannot “click on personal level” with him since the very beginning of our relationship which is causing troubles in our communications. Another reason for our communication problem could be the different cultural background we have and our opposite personalities. I believe employees should be able to connect to their leader to become good followers. I think I am extrovert and should be able to get closer to him over time but there are some other issues that I need to address immediately. I have a problem with Wu’s performance inconsistencies his vision of how things should be done, obviously conflicting with my leadership style. He definitely is able to do “as I say” but not willing - he does not keep daily contact, works outside the office more than normal and his various meetings usually conflict with AccountBack activities and meetings. I do not know if this is based on cross cultural differences or situational leadership. I definitely should consider a mismatch of leadership style and development level of my subordinate. I should reconsider my participating approach towards my employees. It definitely worked for our branch and the financial results are proving it but most of the salesmen...
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...International Business UNILEVER COMPANY Individual Assignment Company overview: Unilever is a British–Dutch multinational customer merchandise company co-head quartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and London, United Kingdom. Its items incorporate sustenance, refreshments, cleaning operators and individual consideration items. It is the world's third-biggest shopper merchandise company measured by 2012 income, after Procter & Gamble and Nestlé. Unilever is the world's biggest maker of food spreads, for example, margarine. One of the most established multinational organizations; its items are accessible in around 190 countries. Unilever claims more than 400 brands, yet concentrates on 14 brands with offers of more than 1 billion. Unilever is sorted out into their fundamental divisions - Foods, Refreshment (drinks and frozen yogurt), Home Care, and Personal Care. It has innovative work offices in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China, India, and the United States. Unilever is a multinational consumer goods company. It recruits hundreds of valuable and skilled professionals in every country. Unilever items touch the lives of more than 2 billion individuals consistently – whether that is through feeling awesome in light of the fact that they've got gleaming hair and a splendid grin, keeping their homes new and clean, or by appreciating a some tea, fulfilling dinner or solid nibble. Unilever is a company has global impact on people’s life. It brings many benefits...
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...Jordan’s Male Academy: An Insight Look American individualism, a conceptualized form of individualism, is the basis through which individuals are believed to be best represented for accuracy to generalized standards of behavior. However, it is the diversity of this country that makes the American individualism more opaque and less clear, when deviations from the standard appear. Jordan High School is an institution in Long Beach, and the place for the project observations to take place. The framework to be used in this project is a combination of Geert Hofstede’s value dimensions and Edward T. Hall’s High and Low Context cultures, to better understand the culture within the school. As part of my research, outside sources are included such as websites, books, scholarly journals, etc. According to data from the academic year 2013-2014, the total enrollment of the school is 3,481 students. The student ethnicity is divided as follows: 67.3% Hispanic or Latino, 21.6% Black or African American, 4.1% Asian, 3.2% Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 1.8% White, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.3% Two or more races, and 0.2% Not reported. The student population is majorly populated by students on the free/reduced meals program, and an estimated 22% are English learners. The most frequent language of English learner students is Spanish, with an 84%, followed by Khmer (Cambodian), 0.8%. The teacher’s ethnicity is described as follows for the 2011-2012 academic school year, 62...
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...Geeta austerity TRANSLATION Austerity of speech consists in speaking truthfully and beneficially and in avoiding speech that offends. One should also recite the Vedas regularly. PURPORT ------------------------------------------------- One should not speak in such a way as to agitate the minds of others. Of course, when a teacher speaks, he can speak the truth for the instruction of his students, but such a teacher should not speak to others who are not his students if he will agitate their minds. This is penance as far as talking is concerned. Besides that, one should not talk nonsense. When speaking in spiritual circles, one's statements must be upheld by the scriptures. One should at once quote from scriptural authority to back up what he is saying. At the same time, such talk should be very pleasurable to the ear. By such discussions, one may derive the highest benefit and elevate human society. There is a limitless stock of Vedic literature, and one should study this. This is called penance of speech. Passive verb / voice desirable passive voice is desirable [derived from Theodore Bernstein: The Careful Writer. (New York: Atheneum) 1979]: > When the agent performing the action is considered unimportant or too obvious to mention. "McGregor was accused of murder": Who did the accusing is unimportant. "The mail has already been delivered": Obviously, the mailman delivered it. > When the performer of the action is indefinite or unknown: "Silk hats are...
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...Section A Reinforcement Schedule Reinforcement schedule is the determination of when reinforcers are applied. It is either after every response or only after some responses. These apply to the two general categories of schedule, continuous reinforcement or intermittent reinforcement. Continuous Reinforcement is the reinforcement of desired behaviour every time the undesired behaviour is demonstrated. It is the simplest schedule. For example, whenever the worker is late, he/she will get a 1% deduction of pay. Intermittent Reinforcement is the reinforcement of desired behaviour when undesirable behaviours are demonstrated after a stipulated number of responses or timeframe set by reinforcer but not at every instance. There are four types of intermittent reinforcement: Fixed Interval reinforcement is received after a set amount of time, regardless of number of responses during that time. For example, a worker gets its pay every last Friday of the month. Fixed ratio interval is reinforcement occurs after a set number of responses, predictable. For example, whenever a worker makes 3 sales, he gets 20% commission. Variable interval is reinforcing someone after a variable amount of time is the final schedule. For example, A boss do not do check on the worker periodically, hence the worker does not know when the next ‘check-up’ might come, he have to be working hard at all times in order to be ready. Variable ratio interval is reinforcement based on number of responses; however...
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