...| The Need for Bureaucracy | | | | | | Name: Rob Lee TA: Vanessa Dolishny Student #: 250535352 Date: 2010-03-17 Throughout this course, inequality has been a topic that has been brought up in each sociological category. Some of these categories include religion, race and ethnicity, culture, education, and organizations and work. Karl Marx’s perspective of capitalist domination, which relates to each of these categories, suggests that the main cause of conflict in society is inequality, and this inequality brings about disadvantages to workers and benefits to the owners of capital. Although this perspective is backed by strong examples in today’s society, such as the decline in skilled labour leading to greater inequality between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (capital owners), it spends too much time on blaming the structure of the system for making inequalities worse, without taking into consideration how much worse these inequalities would be today if the system were not structured the way it is. Therefore, when criticizing systems such as government, and its ability to organize and manage society, it is essential to recognize that without a government in place, and if society were to be adhocratic, the world would be chaotic and not nearly as efficient as it would be if a government were established. The government plays key roles in not only the stabilization of society, but also in helping it prosper in the long run. In...
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...The Co-operative Group Sustainability Report 2010 Executive summary 11 Social responsibility Ecological sustainability Delivering value Assurance SuSTainabiliTy manaGEmEnT background Sustainability management and reporting is aligned with the three principles of the AA1000 AccountAbility Principles Standard (2008) 1 : materiality, inclusivity and responsiveness. Members are firmly embedded in governance (both in general, and in sustainability governance specifically) and policy formulation (pages 13 and 14). As such, whilst engagement with wider stakeholders is central, there is an additional focus on how democratic structures are used to ensure that strategies, policies and performance respond to stakeholder concerns. This level of responsiveness is almost certainly unique among large businesses in the UK. materiality and strategy In 2010, following consultation with different stakeholders, the Group Board agreed a new vision: ‘to build a better society by excelling at everything we do’. In pursuit of this, six aims are identified: to be a commercially successful business; to meet the needs of the customers and communities served; to respond to members and to share profits; to be an ethical leader; to be an exemplary employer; and to inspire others through co-operation. The key performance indicators underpinning strategy, together with progress, are presented within the Annual Report and Accounts 2 . The Sustainable Development...
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...Introduction : Crotonville is GE’s global leadership institute. Founded in 1956, Crotonville is the world’s first major corporate university. The 59-acre main campus in New York hosts thousands of GE employees and customers each year. Thousands more attend Crotonville leadership courses around the world. Summary :. CEO Jeffrey R. Immelt’s believies – growing of GE is possible by focusing more on expanding businesses and creating new ones than on making acquisitions. GE ‘s center not only makes the employees skilled , they encourage employees on their Innovation and provide the platform to achieve there innovations by showing them a right path. • Team training provided by GE increases the pace of change by giving managers an opportunity to reach concurrence on the barriers to change and how best to attack them. • Trainees were encouraged to think both the hard barriers to change (organizational structure, capabilities, and resources) and the soft (how the members of the leadership team collectively and individually spend and behave their time). • Beyond providing new concepts that would make people look at their businesses and themselves differently, the course created a common vocabulary of change—literally words that became part of daily communications inside and across GE’s businesses. Below are the current programs available in GE leadership Institute: Internships & Co-Ops : GE offers full-time internships to qualified candidates at each of our GE businesses...
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...| REGIONAL DISPARITY IN AGRICULTURAL CREDIT | | | Arvind Kumar Jha | PGDMA 1206 | | ABSTRACT The Eleventh Five year plan makes specific focus on the inclusive growth of the economy. It implies that the growth process that experienced over the years were not sufficiently inclusive of all. Although there had been substantial reduction of poverty over past few decades during the five year plans, the core content of the rural poverty remained intractable. In fact, upto Ten Five year plan envisaged balanced regional development and equality and employment. But the growth of population and urban biased industrial development have left out the backward section of population and the rural sector in general un-addressed. The agricultural credit policies and the economic reform in general aim to have positive influence on the total volume of institutional credit. However, the rural banking system in India made tremendous quantitative achievement by neglecting the qualitative aspects of the credit delivery system. The inequalities in the banking system across the regions and social classes persisted. Hence, it is mandatory to understand the regional disparity in the distribution of agricultural credit. In context to Agricultural credit, Southern Region (Rs.101659 crore) dominated the other region Northern Region (Rs.69630 crore), Central region (Rs.45988 crore) Western region (Rs.61613 crore), Eastern Region (Rs.26760 crore)and Northeastern region(Rs.2436...
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...CHAPTER XI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO AGRARIAN REFORM COOPERATIVES Section 88: Coverage The provision of this Chapter shall primarily govern agrarian reform cooperatives: Provided, that the provisions of other chapter of this Code shall be applied except insofar as this Chapter otherwise provides. Section 89: Definition and Purpose Agrarian Reform cooperative members are the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries and Farmers Following purposes: * To develop appropriate system for land tenure, land development and management. Provide assistance in storage transport, marketing of farm products, financial facilities to beneficiaries for a reasonable cost, and arrange transfer of suitable technology in low cost. * To provide social security, medical, social insurance, non-formal education, vocational, technical training livelihood programs and promote the general welfare of agrarian reform beneficiaries and marginal farmers * To undertake comprehensive, integrated development program like agro-based, marine based, cottage based industries and act as a channel for external assistance for the beneficiaries. Section 90: Cooperative Estates Landholdings, plantations, haciendas acquired by the state of the workers in accordance with comprehensive agrarian reform program shall be owned collectively by the workers and beneficiaries Section 91: Infrastructure Government shall grant to agrarian reform cooperative the preferential treatment, authority to construct, maintain...
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...A business (also known as enterprise or firm) is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers.[1] Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or state-owned. A business owned by multiple individuals may be referred to as a company, although that term also has a more precise meaning. The etymology of "business" relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the singular usage to mean a particular organization; the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector, "the music business" and compound forms such as agribusiness; and the broadest meaning, which encompasses all activity by the community of suppliers of goods and services. However, the exact definition of business, like much else in the philosophy of business, is a matter of debate and complexity of meanings. Although forms of business ownership vary by jurisdiction, there are several common forms: Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a for-profit business owned by one person. The owner may operate on his or her own or may employ others. The owner of the business has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business. Partnership: A partnership...
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...ABSTRACT Organizational Structure can improve the working condition of an organization and a poor structure can ruin all the possibilities of openness, dynamism and decision-making. Organizational effectiveness on the other hand, is the extent to which an organization, given certain resources and means, achieves its objectives without placing undue strain on its members. Another important role is played by the technology. More an organization is able to adapt itself to the changing technology the better will be its efficiencies. In the present research paper a relationship between the designs of an organization with its operational efficiency indicators has been examined in the context of Amul.. The factors were studied in context to a cooperative form of organization and while comparing with the corporate form, it was found that the design of the basic structure is somewhat different as it believes in the federal form of structure each unit is independent of each...
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...MODULE - 1 Forms of Business Organisation Business Environment 3 Notes FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION 3.0 INTRODUCTION After identifying the business in any field e.g., Insurance, it is necessary then to have a legal entity to be known in the society. The legal entity can be in any form of a business organization. The various forms of organization are as follows: 1) Sole proprietorship 2) Partnership 3) Co-operative Society 4) Joint stock company (Private and Public) These are explained in brief as follows:3.1 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson you will be able to know Various forms of organization Its formation & features Merits & Demerits 3.2 SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP 3.2.1 Meaning: The sole proprietorship is a form of business that is owned, managed and controlled by an individual. He has to arrange capital for the business and he alone is responsible for its management. He is therefore, entitled to the profits and has 24 DIPLOMA IN INSURANCE SERVICES Forms of Business Organisation MODULE - 1 Business Environment to bear the loss of business, however, he can take the help of his family members and also make use of the services of others such as a manager and other employees. This type of business organisation is also called single ownership or single proprietorship. If the business primarily consists of trade, the organization is a sole trading organization. Small factories and shops are often found to...
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...Engineering Entrepreneurship Ron Lasser, Ph.D. EN 0062 Class #4 9-29-06 1 Biodiesel Incorporated The Case: It is about one group’s efforts to identify a business opportunity Look at the Entrepreneurial Attractiveness index (textbook, bottom of page 35). Use this analytical tool to help you answer questions at the end of the case N EA = ∫ ( w1Y + w2 I − w3W − w4 R )dt 0 Try to understand the process required to evaluate an opportunity How to do homework: Read the case as a bedtime story and then read the questions at the end of the case; don’t answer the questions at this time Think about the case for 24 hours, then review chapter 2 Think about chapter and the case for another 24 hours to let your ideas form in your mind from the case, Chapter 2, and the topics discuss in class Finally, prepare your PowerPoint slide using critical thinking to answer the questions and summarize your thoughts into concise statements Keep it simple, but show me your understanding and learning 2 Summary 1 Background Hannah Long – Agricultural Economics Matthew Hammond – Mechanical Engineering Josh Maxwell – Grad School of Management Josh, Hannah, and Matthew meet in Business and Sustainability class Biodiesel is a class project 3 Summary 2 The Challenge Energy dependence is a world wide problem Usage is not sustainable, for it is not renewable Current energy industry is committed to current business model due to large assets...
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...By Laws Unlike Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws do not need to filed with the state. However, Bylaws are an important document that lays out how the cooperative is to be governed. The governing body (whether it consists of an elected Board of Directors or all members of a collective[1]) must abide the Bylaws. Typically, a cooperative’s Bylaws can only be changed by a democratic vote (or in some cases, consensus [2]) of the membership. For this reason, cooperatives usually limit their Bylaws to fundamental governance-level issues. More specific operational procedures may be documented in policy manuals or handbooks, which can be changed as needed by Directors, (co-)managers, committee members, staff, or other bodies using approved decision-making processes. Bylaws are organized into sections, and most sections are broken up into subsections. In this document, only the lengthier sections are broken up into subsections for ease of reading. However, shorter sections can benefit from being broken down as well. Bylaws can be easily referenced when numbers or letters are assigned to sections and subsections. ------------------------------------------------- Cooperative Bylaws should include: I. Mission, purpose, and legal structure This section often includes the cooperative’s mission statement, vision statement, or stated purpose.[3] This is also a good place to restate the information outlined in the Articles of Incorporation. The Bylaws should agree...
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...Tutorial Questions 1 Amanda is a well recognised jewellery designer who (after the birth of her son) decided to leave her employer and set up her own business Funky Gems Ltd on 1 May 2013. Funky Gems Ltd has a good reputation and has been a significant growth in both sales and profits over the past two years. During the tax year 2014/15 the business has generated a taxable profit of £260,000. Amanda and her husband Matt are the sole shareholders in the business and hold the shares equally between them (50% each). Amanda believes that having worked so hard to establish the business over the past two years that she can afford to withdraw some of the funds to treat themselves. She believes that they can withdraw £180,000 (not already accounted for) from the business as they have sufficient reserves to allow Funky Gems Ltd to continue to grow and also pay any tax required. She would like to withdraw the funds in the most tax efficient manner and is unsure if she should take a salary (she is the only employee of the business) or to pay the shareholders a dividend. Amanda has no other income and Matt’s only additional income in the year is £16,200 (net) in dividends. You are required to Calculate the total tax liability for Amanda, Matt and Funky Gems Ltd if: i. Amanda withdraws £180,000 as a salary ii. Funky Gems Ltd pays £180,000 (net) as a...
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...Transcript 1. Cooperative Identity, Values, Principles, Governance and Best Practices and Gentle Balanced Leadership By: Josefina B. Bitonio Supervising CDS A Lecture – Presentation for the 4th PamBuhay Parents Council Congress November 2, 2013 DMMMSU, Agoo, La Union 2. Cooperative Identity Groups of individual around the world and throughout time have worked together in the pursuit of human goals. Example of cooperation, collective action can be traced back to our prehistoric predecessors who recognized the advantages of hunting, gathering, and living in groups rather than on their own. 3. The earliest cooperative associations were created in Europe and North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. The pioneers of the Rochdale society in the 19th century England are celebrated for launching the modern cooperative movement. 4. The historical development of cooperative businesses can not be disconnected from the social and economic forces that shaped them. Cooperatives, then and now were created in times and places of economic stress and pressing social problems. 5. Due to their democratic organization and their economic orientation ‐ cooperatives contribute significantly to social integration, job creation and the reduction of poverty. Cooperatives are thus stabilizing regional economic cycles and can generate regional employment. The United Nations general assembly declared 2012 as the international year of cooperatives and thus acknowledges their...
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...BUSINESS and MANAGEMENT | | ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Student Name: MOHAMED AHMED | Certification: I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort and that all quotations from books, periodicals etc. have been acknowledged. | Student Signature: MOHAMED AHMED | Date:18/02/2016 | Student Registration Number:S15000405 | Student email address :AHMED_06081981@OUTLOOK.COM | Programme : Business | Year/Level : 4 | Academic Year : 2015/2016 | Semester : 2 | Module title : Marketing Essentials | Assignment no. : 1 | Module code: BUS434 | | Percentage Weighting of this assignment for the module: 40% | Issue date : w/c 18/01/2015 | Return date : 21st March 2016 | Lecturer : Claire Blanchard Date of submission 29th February 2016 | Second marker : Tracy Powell | Notes for students : 1. Staple a hard copy of assignment in the top left corner and submit to the Undergraduate Office. 2. Electronic copy of assignment should be submitted through the Turnitin software. 3. 5% of marks are awarded for satisfactory use of language and/or good presentation. 4. 5% of marks are awarded for satisfactory referencing and/or presentation of a bibliography where either is required. Note that all referenced work should be obtained from credible sources using Harvard referencing 5. Students should ensure that they...
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...NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ------------------------------------------------- MAJOR IN MARKETING NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POBLACION, SAN ISIDRO NUEVA ECIJA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY NUEVA ECIJA ELETRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. MALAPIT, SAN ISIDRO NUEVA ECIJA IVAN JOMAR V. CARDANO BSBA 4B MARKETING MAJOR NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ------------------------------------------------- MAJOR IN MARKETING ACKNOWLEDEMENT I wish to extend my deepest and sincerest gratitude to the following for their invaluable help which this training could not have been completed: First, to our Almighty God, for His unconditional love and for all the blessing He is showering upon me each day of my life. With love and gratitude, I thank Him for guiding me during my training and for making this On-the-Job Training a possible one. For the provision and wisdom He has bestowed upon me, for keeping me and my love ones always safe, for giving me enough knowledge and ability to perform each task that was assigned to me and for the challenges He has given me that made me stronger than ever. I thank Him for His comfort during the times that I am about to give up. By His grace, I was able to finish this training without any conflict. Most of all, I thank Him for His Word that keeps on reminding me that “I can do all...
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...Marketing by the cooperative Zvi Galor www.coopgalor.com 1. Cooperative Marketing A marketing cooperative is set up in order to market and sell the surplus produce of its members, being such a surplus, as they cannot consume themselves. Marketing cooperatives generally sell agricultural produce, but there are also those, which sell fish produce or handicrafts. There are also other definitions of cooperative marketing. Margaret Digby defines a marketing cooperative as a system in which a group of farmers join together in order to carry out part or all of the processes involved in bringing the produce from the producer to the consumer. The Bank of India defines a marketing cooperative as a society of farmers, organized for the purpose of helping the members to market their produce, so as to obtain higher profits than is possible by way of private marketing [1]. The reasons for the establishment of such cooperatives are: When there is a surplus in production over the consumption. In order to save expenses for middlemen who benefit from the producer in various fields, such as: bad weight, very low prices and loans at high rates of interest. When the system in force is archaic, it does not meet the requirements at all, involves many middlemen or compensates very weakly for the producer's work. Thus, a marketing cooperative must offer its members a more efficient service than that in force, so that its members obtain a greater profit from their work. ...
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