...(07000) Algeria Dr. Salima Maouche Assistant Professor Department of English Language Faculty of Letters & Languages University of Abd Errahmane Mira, Bejaia (06000) Algeria ABSTRACT: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has inevitable impacts on different industries and their performances. The tourism industry, as the largest and fastest growing industry in the world, cannot be excluded from this technology and its huge impacts. ICT provides information about tourist attractions in different destinations before travelling and improves tourists‘ satisfaction. Although Algeria has great tourism potentials, it still needs to be performed well in promoting its attractions to international tourists via ICT tools yet. This research explores the impact of ICT on foreign tourists‘ satisfaction of the tourism industry and uses Algerian tourist agencies as a case study, and proposes a model for the impact of ICT on sustainable tourism. Finally, it concludes that e-ticketing, e- reservation, online payment, multilingual and updated information websites are essential needs for planning strategies in the field of e- tourism. Also, it is recommended that the tourism authorities should develop e-tourism...
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...African Archaeological Review, Vol 15, No. 3, 1998 A Review of Swahili Archaeology Felix A. Chami1 The Swahili people have been viewed as of Persian/Arabic or Cushitic-speaking origin. Scholars have used historical and archaeological data to support this hypothesis. However, linguistic and recent archaeological data suggest that the Swahili culture had its origin in the early first centuries AD. It was the early farming people who settled on the coast in the last centuries BC who first adopted iron technology and sailing techniques and founded the coastal settlements. The culture of the iron-using people spread to the rest of the coast of East Africa, its center changing from one place to another. Involvement in transoceanic trade from the early centuries AD contributed to the prosperity of the coastal communities as evidenced by coastal monuments. More than 1500 years of cultural continuity was offset by the arrival of European and Arab colonizers in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries AD. Le peuple Swahili a souvent ete considere comme un peuple dont la langue avait pour origine le Perse/Arabe ou le Cushite. Les chercheurs ont utilise des donees historiques et archeologiques afin de supporter cette hypothese. Cependant I'etude linguistique de cette langue, ainsi que de nouvelles decouvertes archeologiques suggerent que la culture Swahili trouve son origine au debut de l'ere chretienne. Ils furent les premiers fermiers a s'installer le long du littoral, fondant des...
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...Subir Bhowmick waited outside the office of R.K. Krishna Kumar, managing director and head of the Taj Hotel Group. Bhowmick wanted to ask Krishna Kumar to reexamine what the company was trying to accomplish by assigning a particular manager to run the Taj Kumarakom, a smaller property in a highly competitive market. Since assuming management responsibility for the Taj Group in 1997, Krishna Kumar had introduced many changes, the most conspicuous being a new performance management system that represented the first time that promotion and pay had been determined by a formal review and evaluation process. Krishna Kumar had also introduced a formal career development process whereby employees were tracked and groomed for key positions throughout the Taj system. But Bhowmick worried that these systematized assessments might not always identify the right person for a particular job. He knew the candidate who had been selected for the general manager position at the Taj Kumarakom. He also knew some of the other candidates well; indeed, he had had another manager in mind for the job. tC Bhowmick had been in the hotel business his entire life and was practically a legend within the Taj. As chief operating officer of the luxury hotel division, he was in charge of properties that brought in more than 60% of the company’s profits. He had successfully identified and groomed leaders for the Taj Hotel Group throughout his career. Bhowmick was going to ask Krishna Kumar to...
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...500 extraordinary islands G R E E N L A N D Beaufort Sea Baffin Bay vi Da i tra sS t a nm De it Stra rk Hudson Bay Gulf of Alaska Vancouver Portland C A N A D A Calgary Winnipeg Newfoundland Quebec Minneapolis UNITED STATES San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Dallas Ottawa Montreal ChicagoDetroitToronto Boston New York OF AMERICA Philadelphia Washington DC St. Louis Atlanta New Orleans Houston Monterrey NORTH AT L A N T I C OCEAN MEXICO Guadalajara Mexico City Gulf of Mexico Miami Havana CUBA GUATEMALA HONDURAS b e a n Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Managua BAHAMAS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA San Juan HAITI BELIZE C a r PUERTO RICO ib TRINIDAD & Caracas N TOBAGO A COSTA RICA IA M PANAMA VENEZUELA UYANRINA H GU C U G Medellín A PAC I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing...
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...CHAPTER 1 | TOURISM | 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM Since the beginning of the time people have travelled In the early periods, people used to travel for food, water and safety or acquisition of resources (trade). But in the recent times, the word travel is also associated with pleasure or exploration. Now, Tourism is the business of providing travel, accommodation, food, entertainment to the people who are travelling for the purpose of either recreation and leisure or business. Tourism may be expressed as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors. Hence, tourism is the movement of people (tourists) to a destination outside of place, where they normally live and work. Tourism is not only restricted to people (tourists) but it is also the movement of activities of the providers. For example, the services provided during the course of travel. Tourism is about involving people and knowing them better. It is not a short term process of but a long term relationship between the consumer (tourists) and provider of Tourism Service. Tourism is the collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities...
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...ETIHAD AIRWAYS Assignment I Contents INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND 3 ETIHAD’S CORE VALUES 4 COMMITMENT 4 VISION AND MISSION 5 HISTORY 6 LOYALTY PROGRAM 6 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 9 FINANCIAL POSITION 9 FINANCING ACTIVITIES 11 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 11 GENERAL ENVIRONMENT 12 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 41 INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 44 1. Porter's 5 forces model 44 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 65 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 68 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 90 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 92 IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTS THAT ETIHAD NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF: 108 ARE THE VISIONS AND MISSIONS CLEAR AND MEASURABLE? 110 REFERENCES 111 INTRODUCTION Strategic management is the comprehensive collection of ongoing activities and processes that organizations use to systematically coordinate and align resources and actions with mission, vision and strategy throughout an organization. Strategic management activities transform the static plan into a system that provides strategic performance feedback to decision making and enables the plan to evolve and grow as requirements and other circumstances change (Dess, Gregory G., G.T. Lumpkin and Marilyn L. Taylor, 2005). Our group decided to work upon Etihad Airways, the flag carrier airline for United Arab Emirates. The name ‘Etihad’ is derived from an Arabic word which means ‘union’. In addition to its main activity of passenger transportation, Etihad controls Etihad cargo and holidays. Aside from that, they have stakes in many other airlines...
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...CHAPTER (IN MADRID 1890) Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid -Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help of the Filipino colony, The Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspaper in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants · El Resumen- a Madrid newspaper which sympathized with the Filipino cause, said: “To cover the ear, open the purse, and fold the arms—this is the Spanish colonial policy · La Epoca- an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid 1. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his talented co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, died in Barcelona on August 19, 1890, after a lingering illness 2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna—Luna was bitter because of his frustrated romance with Nellie Boustead. Deep in his heart, he was blaming Rizal for his failure to win her, although Rizal had previously explained to him that he had nothing to do about it. Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie, Rizal heard him and angered by the slanderous remarks, he challenged Luna, his friend, to a duel. Fortunately, Luna realized that he had made a fool of himself during his drunken state, he apologized for his bad remarks about the girl and Rizal accepted his apology and they became good friends again 3. Rizal challenges Retana to Due l—Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy of the pen, a talented Spanish scholar, was then a press agent of the friars in Spain. He used to attack the Filipinos in various newspapers in Madrid and other cities in...
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...----------------------------------------AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION ------------------------------------------ PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA REGULATION OF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER : 111 of 2007 CONCERNING AMENDMENT TO REGULATION OF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER: 77 of 2007 CONCERNING THE LIST OF BUSINESSES CLOSED AND LIST OF BUSINESSES OPENED WITH RESERVATION IN THE INVESTMENT SECTOR WITH THE MERCY OF THE GOD ALMIGHTY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, Considering: a. That, with the issuance of the Presidential Regulation Number 77 of 2007 concerning the List of Businesses closed and the List of Businesses opened to Investment, constituting the implementation of paragraph (4) of Article 12 and paragraph (1) of Article 13 of the Law Number: 25 of 2007 concerning business Investment, sectors the arrangement opened of closed and with reservation in such Presidential Regulation shall be made clearer in order to prevent -1- any possible misinterpretation from happening; b. that, with respect to point a above, in is necessary Regulation to stipulate an a Presidential to of the 2007 concerning amendment Number 77 Presidential Regulation concerning the List of Businesses Closed and the List of Businesses Opened to Investment; In view of: 1. Paragraph (1) of Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945; 2. The Law Number: 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives...
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...TOURISM MANAGEMENT Historical Tourism: A study in Malacca, Malaysia’s Historical City Due Date: 12/12/2011 Executive summary Historical tourism is an important component of the Malaysian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues. Few years ago, historical tourism does not seem like an important asset toward the development of tourism industry but yet, we cannot deny that historical tourism is a contributing part to the industry and also toward the economy now. Historical sites can be used to attract tourist and to increase number of visitors. It is a potential asset to improve Malaysia’s tourism development. Strategies that can be implemented by Tourism Promotion Division of Malacca for future such as increase historic preservation awareness towards some key persons and also citizens. They can help to maintain and expand the state-wide inventory of historic properties and develop improved access and comprehension of historic property’s inventory information and also to encourage respectful utilization of historic and cultural resources as a mean to achieve compatibility with sustainable tourism and economic revitalization. In addition, governments determine to promote cooperation and understanding between participants in the historic preservation review process. It gives a view of past activities that carry out by our ancestors. It connects us with the country. Historical places of a country represent a nation’s identity where it...
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...9958790414 Join us at Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/iasexamportal Follow us at Twitter: https://twitter.com/iasexamportal CURRENT AFFAIRS National Issues International Issues India & the World Economy Science and Technology Sports Awards & Prizes In The News 6 14 20 23 39 51 58 64 Disclaimer: Editor and Publisher are not responsible for any view, data, figure etc. expressed in the articles by the author(s). Maps are notational . All Disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of competent courts and fourms in Delhi/New Delhi only. Selected Articles from Various Newspapers & Journals Page No. 67 91 Cyberspace Page No. 93 Regional Rural Banks The Mauryan Empire Model Paper G.S. Paper I 94 117 Join Online Coaching For IAS Pre & Mains Exams http://iasexamportal.com/civilservices/courses Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route SWACHH BHARAT MISSION Throughout the world around 2.5 billion people do not have toilets to use, out of those 250 crore people 65 crore live in India alone. In order to solve this big challenge government of India has launched “Swachh Bharat Mission” on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri. Due to magnanimity of the problem solving it will not be easy. Government has to face the problems associated with extremely poor hygienic conditions and most significantly government has to fight with attitude towards cleanliness...
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...study focused on some several activities for comprehending an overall review. * To identify the problems that Bangladesh faces in tourism industry. * To find the tourist spots those are renowned globally & domestically. * To identify the solution that will lessen the problems in tourism industry. * To find the awareness of people about the culture of Bangladesh. * To understand the perception of native people and foreigners about the people of Bangladesh. * To find which country of origin is more precious to people. * To identify the factors that limits the investment decision. * To understand the image of the government of Bangladesh around the world. 1.4 Research Design: I. Type of research design: Both the exploratory and descriptive research designs have been adopted for the study. The pilot survey is undertaken that is...
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...interaction of the rigid lithosphere. Geomorphological hazard – an event causing harm to people or property, caused by Geomorphological processes e.g. plate tectonic movement. Francis Bacon 1620 As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912 other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. Robert Mallet 1870s Robert Mallet was a nineteenth century scientist who managed to measure the speed at which earthquakes spread. Alfred Wegner 1911 While at Marburg, in the autumn of 1911, Wegener was browsing in the university library when he came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of identical plants and animals found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. Intrigued by this information, Wegener began to look for, and find, more cases of similar organisms separated by great oceans. Orthodox science at the time explained such cases by postulating that land bridges, now sunken, had once connected far-flung continents. But Wegener noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Might the similarities among organisms be due, not to land bridges, but to the continents having been joined together at one time? As he later wrote: "A conviction of the fundamental soundness of the idea took root in my mind." Such an insight, to be accepted, would require large amounts of supporting evidence...
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...THE DEMISE OF GREAT ZIMBABWE, ad 1420 – 1550: AN ENVIRONMENTAL RE-APPRAISAL By Innocent Pikirayi The decline of Great Zimbabwe is poorly known due to limited archaeological data and vague historical sources. Environmental data indicates that Great Zimbabwe declined when climatic conditions were favourable, which may have prompted the ruling elite to make decisions that impacted on the immediate surroundings of the settlement and beyond. The shifting character of the Zimbabwe Culture1 since the 12th century was a human response to the vagaries of the savanna environment, as well as the changing patterns of trade in the western Indian Ocean involving eastern Africa and the auriferous Zimbabwean plateau hinterland. It is within this context that the demise of Great Zimbabwe as the urban centre of a powerful political system must be understood. introduction Great Zimbabwe (ad 1270–1550) emerged in the southern plateau regions of Zimbabwe from an Iron Age agricultural community.2 By the 14th century it was at the helm of a political hierarchy controlling territory and a community equivalent to a state.3 Its rulers accumulated considerable wealth and power from the large cattle herds4 they managed and from gold and ivory traded with the east African coast.5 It was the cultural and political successor to Mapungubwe (ad 1220–90), based in the middle Shashe-Limpopo valley. Mapungubwe developed into the political and cultural centre of a community living in the area and founded by...
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...Guns, Germs and Steel Page 1 GUNS, GERMS, AND STEEL: The Fates of Human Societies By Jared Diamond, 1997 About the Author: Jared Diamond is a professor of physiology at UCLA School of Medicine. He is a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship and was awarded a 1999 National Medal of Science. He is also the author of The Third Chimpanzee. SUMMARY The book asks and attempts to answer the question, once humankind spread throughout the world, why did different populations in different locations have such different histories? The modern world has been shaped by conquest, epidemics, and genocide, the ingredients of which arose first in Eurasia. The book’s premise is that those ingredients required the development of agriculture. Agriculture also arose first in Eurasia, not because Eurasians were superior in any way to people of other continents, but because of a unique combination of naturally occurring advantages, including more and more suitable wild crops and animals to domesticate, a larger land mass with fewer barriers to the spread of people, crops, and technology, and an east-west axis which meant that climate was similar across the region. The book is well written and contains not only information about the history of cultures around the world, but excellent descriptions of the scientific methodologies used to study them, from how archeologists study the origin of agriculture to how writing evolved to how linguistics can trace the movements of peoples across huge geographic...
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...Click Here For Current Affair News For UPSC,IAS,SSC, Govt. Exams http://upscportal.com/civilservices/current-affairs Free Guide for SSC General Knowledge TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. History of India and The World 2. Indian Polity and Governance 3. Geography of India and The World 4. Economy 5. General Science 6. Organisations 7. General Knowledge HISTORY OF INDIA AND THE WORLD GOVERNOR-GENERALS OF INDIA (1833–58) Lord W. Bentick (1833–35): First Governor-General of India. Macaulay’s minutes on education were accepted declaring that English should be the official language of India; Abolished provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by Cornwallis, appointment of Commissioners of revenue and circuit. • Wars: Annexed Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of misgovernment. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835–1836): Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India (called Liberator the Press). Lord Auckland (1836–42): 1st Anglo-Afghan War (1836–42)—great blow to the prestige of the British in India. Lord Ellenborough (1842–44): Brought an end to the Afghan War. Annexation of Sindh (1843); War with Gwalior (1843). Lord Hardings I (1844–48): 1st Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) and the Treaty of Lahore 1846 (marked the end of Sikh sovereighty in India); Gave preference to English education in employment. Lord Dalhousie (1848–56): Abolished Titles and Pensions, Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Made Shimla the summer capital. • Administrative Reforms:...
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