...Construction of crime: Platt (1969) – Juvenile Delinquency (Youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors) Originally created as a result of a campaign by upper class Victorian model entrepreneurs, aimed at protecting young people at risk. This established ‘juveniles’ as a separate category of offender with their own courts, and it enabled the state to extend its powers beyond criminal offences involving the young, into so-called ‘status offences’ such as truancy and sexual promiscuity. Becker – notes that social control agencies themselves may also campaign for a change in the law to increase their own power. For example, the US Federal Bureau of Narcotics successfully campaigned for the passing of the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937 to outlaw marijuana use. Supposedly, this was on the grounds of its ill effects on young people, but Becker argues it was really to extend the Bureau’s sphere of influence. Who gets labelled? Piliavin and Briar (1964) found that police decisions to arrest a youth were mainly based on the physical cues (such as manner and dress), from which they made judgements about the youth’s character. Cicourel – probation officers held the common sense theory that juvenile delinquency was caused by broken homes, poverty and lax parenting. Therefore they tended to see youths from such backgrounds as likely to offend in future and were less likely to support non-custodial sentences for them. ^Page 81 Left Realism – Causes of crime - Marginalisation ...
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...and Similar Crimes Theft, in the judicial system, defines and covers a wide variety of crimes including larceny, robbery, and burglary; The penalties and effect that is encountered when interacting in such behaviors will result in a civil consequence, which should be upheld during all provable evident circumstances of theft. Theft in Law is specifically defined as the physical removal of an object that is capable of being stolen without the consent of the owner of it permanently; The intent needs to clearly exhibit that he/she is not intending to keep any such property, values, or money to themselves, destroy it, or sell it. Larceny is the act of any individual or trespasser removing personal goods or possessions of another with...
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...(433.0) | 125 (406.8) | 90 (279.5) | 127 (393.0) | 108 (333.0) | 121 (367.8) | 130 (384.2) | 94 (275.9) | 110 (318.2) | Thefts (per 100,000) | 681 (2,489.1) | 683 (2,371.0) | 741 (2,585.6) | 744 (2,577.3) | 742 (2,414.5) | 792 (2,459.8) | 855 (2,645.9) | 855 (2,636.4) | 850 (2,583.9) | 908 (2,683.8) | 985 (2,891.2) | 966 (2,794.2) | Auto thefts (per 100,000) | 46 (168.1) | 28 (97.2) | 43 (150.0) | 45 (155.9) | 51 (166.0) | 38 (118.0) | 36 (111.4) | 36 (111.0) | 49 (149.0) | 34 (100.5) | 43 (126.2) | 48 (138.8) | Arson (per 100,000) | 11 (40.2) | 9 (31.2) | 6 (20.9) | 11 (38.1) | N/A | 5 (15.5) | 2 (6.2) | 6 (18.5) | 5 (15.2) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (8.7) | City-data.com crime index (higher means more crime, U.S. average = 311.4) | 154.7 |...
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...Texkansahomatucky has asked Stat Monkees to create a map that highlights the high crime counties in the state. In order to complete this task, we were given the county name, county population, county area, the county code, and the number of occurrences of seven different categories of crime: (a) murder, (b) rape, (c) robbery, (d) aggravated assault, (e) burglary, (f) larceny, and (g) motor vehicle theft for each of the counties (As shown in Table 1). The following analysis implies a simple quantitative summary of a data set that has been collected. It will help understand the data set and explain the required details that helped put this data in perspective. Metric Description Firstly, Stat Monkees decided on a specific metric based on population density and total crime for splitting the counties into high and low crime counties. Population density was determined by dividing the population of each county by its area (sq. mi). Secondly, we added all the crimes of each county to arrive at the total crime for each county. For example, in York county the total crime of 144 reported in 2012 was derived by adding up murder (0), rape (1), robbery (5), aggravated assault (11), burglary (25), Larceny (94), motor vehicle theft (8). Finally, in order to determine the crime rates for each county in the state of Texkansahomatucky, we basically use the formula: (Total crime for each county)/(Population density for each county) For example, Lake county crime rate of 11.96 reported in 2012...
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...makes people so infuriated they want to kill? Is it part of genetics, chemical imbalance, biological, or their upbringing? “During 2012, there were an estimated 1.2 million violent crimes reported to law enforcement” (Latest crime stats released, 2013, table 1). With most serial killers, their instinct to kill or murder several people starts early in life. Most serial killers started out torturing and maiming animals. We all have experience with anger or rage, but those with a conscious knows the consequences of killing. We would be remorseful. However, those who have monsters or demons within tend to listen to their demons and act upon it. “It was an urge…a strong urge, and the longer I let it go the stronger it got, to where I was taking risks to go out and kill people—Edmund Kemper” (Scott, 2014, para. 1). We may never know or fully understand the mind of a serial killer, but this author is going to try. A brief statement of purpose The purpose for this proposal is to find out what really makes people so upset with other people, sometimes to people they do not even know, to want to kill them others, thus, that person becoming a known serial killer. The rationale for conducting the study This author has always been interested in serial killers since she was small. Her mother only has true crime books and this author became infatuated as well. This author has always wondered why they do what they do and what brings them to doing it. This author believes that if we get into...
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...Of the three, Florida is a progressive leader in how it reacts to and manages cyber related crimes – particularly cyber-crimes that harass, bully or target minors. As technology rapidly has evolved, laws must remain commensurate, affectively governing and maintaining order for the internet's legitimate consumers. The Sunshine State has a growing and diverse population with an international economy – often Florida is the center of high profile events – favorable and sometimes unfavorable. Because, the internet is such an integrated part of people's lives, legislatures must adequately craft laws in order to protect its citizens...
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...A team of students will study a case against Stu Dents and the murder of Uma Opee. Stu Dent was accused of murdering Uma Opee, whom he had a relationship with. His DNA was found at the scene of the crime under the victims figure nails. The victim’s body was found tire with rope, stabbed 13 times, and multiple bruises. On October 19th, Uma Opee’s body was found in a vacant building approximately five miles from her home. The day prior she had worked her shift at a local music store and after work walked to her home. The defendant in this case also reseated arrest and assault a police officer. In the case of State of North Carolina v. Stu Dents, the jury found the defendant Stu Dents guilty of the following crime: homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, and crimes related to drugs. A proposal was developed to analyze how the charges against Stu Dent would be implemented along with sentencing and opposing arguments. A recap of charges, verdict, violations, and possible sentencing outcomes in the case will be analyzed according to North Carolina law. The defense and prosecution will provide opposing arguments in accordance with North Carolina to request concurrent sentencing. It will be vital for this team of students analyzing this case to provide closing arguments to support their recommendations and the laws under North Carolina to determine whether or not Stu Dents has enough to escape the charges against him. Charges and Verdict North Carolina Violations...
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...The main purpose of all gun bans is to reduce violent crimes. Violent crime is defined by the law as behaviors by persons against persons, or property that intentionally threatens, attempts or actually inflicts physical harm. The most common violent crimes are aggravated assault, arson, assault and battery, domestic violence, hate crimes, homicide, manslaughter, mayhem, murder, terrorism, and theft/larceny. Many states have created gun bans to try to reduce these violent crimes. Through statistics, reports, and studies, it has been confirmed that gun bans do not work. They are a flawed statute. It is a falsity to think that gun bans make a society more secure, which is what they were created to do. This can be proven by looking at cases,...
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...My position would help me bridge with other local authority to strengthen the Comp-stat process which has been credited for reduced criminal activities in most cities in the USA. Comp-stat is a proven command accountability system integrated in departments to help in the adoption of better and more effective crime response factors. The systems credited for reduced crime in the country including the 80% reduction rate in New York (Rothstein 7). Its effectiveness often conveys different departmental heads and helps in analysis of current as well as future crimes. It enhances the development of strategies that are important in the guarantee of success in the overall process. This systems been developed on a trial basis in Baltimore with specifics...
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...Outline and asses the three measurements of crime When measuring crime and deviance sociologist tend to look at the different types of ways that we can measure crime; this includes, Official statistics, Victim survey and lastly self report studies. Each of these methods focuses on very different things, they also have strong and weak points but by combining them, a possible general picture of crime and deviance could be drawn. Firstly, official statistics show that public fear of being a victim of crime is rising. This stark difference between the level of crime and fear of crime has been attributed to the way of crime is reported in the media. Tabloid papers often use alarmist headlines about crime and deviance to grab the attention of readers causing a moral panic. It’s been argued that these exaggerate the chances of being victim of crime. Official statistics have strong points such as they are relatively cheap and readily available. They are published annually and they provide data on crime across the whole of the UK and also provide insight into regional differences in crime. This means that sociologists would be able to compare between different parts of the UK for example rural and urban areas. Positivist sociologists such as Functionalists are very supportive of the Official statistics; they see that this method of measuring crime is reliable, representative and valid. It also provides a true picture of the extent and nature of crime. However, this method does come with...
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...resources and parties with a vested interest in successful offender transition into the community. Community based corrections can be viable for the youth but for an adult it is usually not sufficient to deter further illegal activity, we use projects like washing squad cars, litter patrol and with students we try to utilize some type of cleaning in the area of the school where they will be observed by their peers. It is great if you are not dealing with people who have committed violent crimes. Community based corrections is justifiable in today's society because many people believe making people accountable to their community is a way to reform them and prevent them from doing crimes. For example, if the entire community shames a person for committing a crime, they will be less likely to do so. For example, a criminal who is penalized to do community service like picking up trash in public will show to the entire community that they are being punished and thus are deterred from future crime due to...
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...Abolishing the Death Penalty George L Turner III PHI 103 Mr. Russ Tompkins August 31, 2009 Abolishing the Death Penalty The Death Penalty in America today is a highly debated issue and has been for many years. Could you imagine not having a life threatening consequence at all, such as the death penalty when it comes to criminals that commit very severe crimes? There are many people in the United States today with many different opinions on why the Death Penalty should or shouldn’t be abolished in our Country. I’m one who feels that we should not abolish the Death Penalty; however our Capital Punishment system can be much improved. One advantage to keeping the Death Penalty is that it’s suppose to act as a deterrent against those people who might think about committing a serious crime. I believe that it does help as a deterrent for some people, but not to the extent that it should. If we started sentencing more murderers and serious offenders to death, then I believe that more people will fear the consequences in which they may face. Now, if we start convicting the serious criminals to death, then that doesn’t mean continue to let them appeal their sentence and take years before they’re actually put to death. One other thing that I believe that keeps the Death Penalty from being as effective as it should be is T.V. I know it’s only T.V. but that’s what people see and a lot of people believe that is the way it is. Whether or not T.V. is how...
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...theories of Criminology for example could be conflict ideas. Most macro theories can be described as Epidemiological. This is in no related to the medical term. In criminology the term is concerned with rates of criminal activity overall. Micro Theories Micro theories are it is stated generally more solid / concrete. These theories try and attempt to explain how people come to carry out these criminal activities. It is stated that the focus is on individuals and small gangs. Etiology however in contrast to Macro’s Epidemiology is concerned with the explanation of criminal behaviour with regards to the small group or individual level concerned. Therefore Micro theories can be titled Etiological. Task 3 - Area Perception & Official Stats I feel that the current...
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...referred as too light. Since the YCJA has taken over, youth crime is slowly decreasing. The discipline of the YCJA may need to become harsher. The YCJA has evolved from the harsh Young Offenders Act [YOA]. Stats on youth crime suggest that the YCJA is helping to reduce the amount of young offenders. Some cases suggest that the YCJA is not being tough enough with what young offenders are being sentenced with. The study of the human brain suggest that youths don’t understand the consequences of the crimes that they are committing resulting in the need for them to know the consequences. Through cases and the study of the human brain the YCJA needs some aspects changed for the better of society. The evolution of the YCJA has been formed from many different acts. Each act consists of similarities and differences between them. Different acts are formed over time to satisfy the needs of punishment as the world develops. The YCJA is the newest act which consist of similarities and differences of the YOA. The main difference of the YCJA and the YOA was the severity of the penalty for the crime committed. The YOA “was a highly controversial statute. While conservative politicians criticized the law for being ‘‘soft on youth crime,’’’ (Pulis). Since the YOA was soft on youth punishment, youths were not too concerned if they broke the law. Youths would break the law get a slap on the wrist and move on to committing more crimes. That is the main reason the YCJA was created. The YCJA...
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...Crime and Deviance exam questions Crime questions – Qu. 1 & 2 – both worth 21 marks.You should spend 30 minutes on each question and each should have a traditional essay structure (include an introduction and a conclusion, at least two sides of the argument, two or more theories, relevant studies and as much evaluation as you can cram in!). You also need to show ‘conceptual confidence’ – this just means that you should make it clear to the examiner that you know and understand the important concepts, e.g. anomie, relative deprivation.Make sure you make reference to the item – both essay questions will have their own item. You can often use the information in the item as a springboard into the essay in the introduction. However, you will be penalised for ‘overuse of the item’, so don’t just copy it out. You can use short quotes or statistics from the item though. | Question: | What to include: | Assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. | This question is essentially about the presence (or not) of institutional racism in the police, courts and penal system. You will need to compare the importance of this as opposed to explanations that argue that ethnic minorities do commit more crime - either as a result of relative deprivation (left realism) or poor upbringing, absent fathers, etc (new right). * Try to include some stats, reference to patterns of offending, stop and search...
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