...© 2008 AGI-Information Management Consultants May be used for personal purporses only or by libraries associated to dandelon.com network. Culture, Leadership; I Organizations E d W By Robert J. House University of Pennsykmia Paul J. Hanges University of M-md Mansour Javidan University of Calgary Peter W. Dorfman New Mexico State University Vipin Gupta Grand Valley State University SAGE Publications Publisher InternationalEducational and Professional Thousand Oaks London New Delhi G CONTENTS Foreword Harry C. Triandis Preface Robert J. House PART I: Introduction Robert J. House 1. Illustrative Examples of GLOBE Findings Robert J. House Increased Globalization of Business The Increased Importance of Sensitivity to Cultural Differences Differing Views and Conceptualizations of Leadership An Illustration of Differences and Cultural Practices Differences in Leadership Practices Plan of This Book xv xxi 1 3 4 2. Overview of GLOBE Robert J. House Mansour Javidan Major Questions Concerning the Effects of Cultures on the Practice of Leadership The Need for Cross-Cultural Leadership Theory and Research The GLOBE Research Program Leader Behavior and Attributes Qualitative Research Construct Definitions of Leadership and Culture GLOBE Operational Definition of Culture The GLOBE Conceptual Model The Integrated Theory Two Fundamental Cross-Cultural Issues The GLOBE Questionnaire Scales Phase 2 Hypotheses Strengths of the GLOBE Research...
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...Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational Culture & Leadership Organizational...
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...Introduction One of the topics that exist since ancient times are leadership, national culture and organizational culture because every nation and country have their culture and need their leaders. Some of the leaders are better than others and because of this reason they manage to govern their countries better and to win advantage for them. Like every country the companies all over the world have their organizational cultures and their leaders. Every company is trying to shape its organizational culture striving to reach its personal goals and because some are better than others they have better products and bigger market shares. The first purpose of this paper is to present the old organizational culture, the old values and leadership style of Ford and how they affected the performance of the company. The second goal of the paper is to show why the need for change came in Ford and how they managed to implement this change into practice. Organisational culture, Leadership and Leadership Style – Definitions One of the possible definitions for organisational culture that exists is as follow: Organisational culture is “the set of shared values, beliefs and norms that influences the way employees think, feel and behave toward each other and toward people outside the organization” (George and Jones, 2012). One of the aspects which are considered in this paper and which is aspect of organisational culture is organizational structure. It can be described as “the pattern of...
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...1799 1799 ‘How are the concepts of culture and leadership linked?’ Introduction: This literature review will make use of four pieces of academic work to discuss how the concept of culture can intrinsically affect leadership. The literature finds that the link between culture and leadership is an important, yet complicated relationship. I will begin by discussing and defining the central concepts of culture and leadership. I will then explain and analyse the significance of culture upon leadership. Finally I will review Hofstede’s cultural framework to assess its significance and relevance to the topic at hand. Culture: To begin, culture is a phenomenon that carries multiple definitions. A simplistic view sees it as “how things are done around here”(Ouchi and Johnson, 1978 p.293). Culture can also encompass the behaviours, attitudes, norms, morals and unconscious values instilled within a group of individuals (Schien, 1985). Hofstede himself defines culture as the “collective mental programming” (Hofstede, 1980 pp.43) of individuals bound by some form of common orientation or geographical boundary. Culture shapes everything within society, and as an extension, leadership. Leadership is another interlinked concept, commonly defined as a relationship by which followers are influenced, and inherent changes are made towards a collective purpose (Daft and Lane, 2005). Moreover leadership refers to the “core set of traits, behaviours, skills, or characteristics that...
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...Developing a Culture of Leadership Development Preamble Leadership has been defined as “the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization” (Sewell, 2009, p. 93). Arguably, it is this type of effective leadership that is the requirement of every high functioning organization. In order for an organization to achieve high levels of leadership success, an organization must foster and sustain the correct environment, provide the correct tools and supports, and ultimately ensure that culture supports the development of future leaders from within. It is the focus of this paper to provide an overview of the valuable elements and techniques supporting cultural development that will lead to effective leadership development for any high functioning organization. The Leadership Environment In developing a culture for leadership development, an organization must understand its inner workings, specifically the existing culture of the organization. “A culture can be defined as the norms, practices, history and values of an organization — in other words: ‘how things are done around here.’” (Osak, 2014, p. 1) These subtle nuances will help to share the thoughts, values and behaviours of organizations employees. Values “Values are what support the vision, shape the culture and reflect what the company values. They are the essence of the company’s identity – the principles...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 ETHICAL LEADERSHIP 2 CORPORATE CULTURE 3 CULTURE LEARNING 4 CULTURE CHANGE 5 CONCLUSION 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 7 REFERENCES 9 APPENDIX 13 INTRODUCTION Ethical leaders should act ethically all the time, not just in situations where it is expected. Ciulla and Forsyth (as cited in Olivier, 2012, p. 70) suggests that “[t]he good leader, . . . is challenged to be both technically good, i.e. effective at getting the job-at-hand-done and morally good, i.e. responsible for what he or she has done.” Leadership and corporate culture dictate the acceptable ethical standards of an organisation to their followers. Where leaders are identified as “ethical role models”, followers are more likely to imitate this behaviour and conform to similar values and beliefs explicitly delineated by their leaders and organisations (Shin, 2012). However the major challenge encountered by organisational leaders is about gaining the trust and commitment of followers to conform to the ethical standards required to achieve strategic objectives of their organisation (Caldwell, Hayes & Long, 2010). In this report, we define ethical leadership by looking at business ethics and leadership simultaneously. We analyse ethical leadership in the context of culture learning and culture change in ensuring ethical behaviour and Corporate Social Responsibility in organisations. We conclude this report by summarising the findings identified...
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...Summary The aim for this thesis is to answer the problem statement: How do national cultures influence leadership styles? To give an answer to this question, this thesis is divided into three parts: leadership, national culture and the connection between them. The conclusion of this thesis is based on analytical and exploratory research. The first part, on leadership, focuses on mainly two types of leadership: transactional and transformational leadership. Transactional leadership is mainly based on the transaction between leaders and their followers. Bass described four components of transactional leadership: Contingent reward, Active management by exception, Passive management by exception and Laissez-Faire leadership (1997). Transformational leadership focuses mainly on inspiring and stimulating the followers. Transformational leadership contains also four components: Idealized influence (Charisma), Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration. The second part focuses on different studies on national culture: Hofstede (1983), Schwartz (1990) and Inglehart (1997). Each study has different values and dimensions, both all three studies show some similarities. The first similar dimension contains: Hofstede’s Power distance, Schwartz’ Hierarchy versus Egalitarianism and Inglehart’s Survival and measures the degree to which the people in a national culture accept and expect the unequal distribution of power. The second similar dimension contains:...
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...different work-related values. Norms and values which form the culture of a people create assumptions and expectations of the leaders. There has been a number of studies to examine the relationship between culture and leadership styles. The literature points to a varied views regarding the universal uniformity or cultural specificity of leadership attributes and effectiveness. Many researchers have argued for a direct impact of culture on leadership styles, arguing that specific cultural traditions and norms are bound to differentiate leadership styles. The leadership profile in a country is strongly influenced by its cultural values. This paper will define culture and will use the Hofstende culture determinants to describe African culture. This will be followed by the expansion of how the determinants of culture influence the leadership style that is experienced in Africa. Culture is “the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the member of one category of people from another” (Geert Hofstende). Other authors have defined culture as the system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviours, and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another Determinants of culture as described in the Hofstende model are Collectivism Vs. Individualism, large V small power distance, strong Vs. weak uncertainty avoidance, masculinity v femininity. The African culture has been described as collectivism where claims of groups, associations...
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...Management Essays - Change Management Organisations Change Management Organisations Change Management Strategy Report Organisations are highly specialized systems and people working within the organisations are generally cynical to change in the work environment as they don't want to get into uncharted territory. It is the natural tendency of human being to live in their comfort zone and no one likes to be comfortable being uncomfortable even for a short duration (during the change process). But, for organisations to survive and succeed in the current environment change is no longer optional. Organisations have to learn to love change to stay ahead of competition. * An overview of change management Definition - Change management is about moving from one state to another, specifically, from the problem state to the solved state (Jung, 2001). But, the organisational terminology for change management can be varied and ‘change' may be used under different terms. E.g. when a company talks about re-engineering, restructuring, promoting cultural transformation, or keeping pace with the industry, then it is talking about change. Lewin (1951) conceptualized that change can occur at three levels. We can help you with your essay! Professional Writers Our professional essay writers can help you to make the most of your studies. Look below to find out how we can help. ESSAY WRITING SERVICE ESSAY MARKING SERVICE PLACE AN ORDER * Change in the individuals who work in the organisation...
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...Leadership and Corporate Culture What is Leadership? What is Leadership? Ability to persuade others to do things for the good of the organization make difficult decisions make unpopular decisions deliver results create long-term commitments Why is the Leader Important to An Organization? Why is the Leader Important? Establishes vision Develops and implements strategies Allocates and controls resources Chooses key employees Shapes culture Affects organizational performance Projects image to the public Levels of Leadership (Jim Collins, HBR, Jan. 2001) Highly capable individual Contributing team member Competent manager Effective leader – catalyzes commitment to and vigorous pursuit of a clear & compelling vision, stimulate high performance Executive – builds enduring greatness through humility and professional wills What are the Leadership Traits of Highly Productive Organizations? Leadership Traits of Highly Productive Organizations Attention to details Highly ethical and moral Embracing simplicity & disdain for waste Long-term focus Humility Coaching leadership style Trust and believe in others Management Practices That Work (Nohria, et al., HBR, 2003) Primary Strategy, Execution, Culture, Structure Secondary (Two of Four) Talent, Leadership, Innovation...
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...Originally named the Dwarf Grill, Chick-fil-A was founded in 1946 by Samuel Truett Cathy in Hapeville, Georgia. The Dwarf Grill restaurant later became the Dwarf House and to this day remains in business located near a former Ford plant in Hapeville Georgia. The first Chick-fil-A restaurant opened in 1967 located in an Atlanta Georgia shopping mall. Samuel Truett Cathy pioneered the establishment of restaurants inside of shopping malls and subsequently all Chick-fil-A restaurants were located inside shopping malls until 1986. Their first freestanding restaurant opened in 1986 and today most of their new restaurants are freestanding. Today there are over 1,614 restaurant locations with sales topping $4 billion dollars in 2011. Chick-fil-A’s mission statement is simple; to "Be America's Best Quick-Service Restaurant". Along with Samuel Truett Cathy, today there are several key corporate leaders involved in the operation of Chick-fil-A. Dan T. Cathy, Samuel Cathy’s first son, is the President and Chief Operating Officer, Donald M. Cathy, Samuel Cathy’s middle son, is the Senior Vice President and Dwarf House President, James McCabe is the Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, Steve Robinson is the Senior Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer, Perry Ragsdale is the Senior Vice President, Design, and Construction, and Timothy Tassopoulos is the Senior Vice President of Operations. Chick-fil-A’s procedure for selecting potential leaders is known to be very...
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...Running Head: Assignment 5: CORPORATE CULTURE / LEADERSHIP ACTIONS FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION Corporate Culture /Leadership Actions for Strategy Implementation By Rhonda Stanley A Paper Presented in Fulfillment of the Requirement for BUS599 Strategic Management Strayer University Professor Joel Nwagbaraocha September 9, 2010 1. Discuss the corporate culture at Southwest Airlines and how it leverages its culture to achieve a competitive advantage. Southwest Airlines was incorporated in Texas in June 18, 1971. Southwest started with only 3 Boeing 737 aircraft and they only serviced Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio. Today Southwest operates 541 Boeing 737 aircraft and they service 69 cities. Southwest became a major in the airline industry in 1989 when it exceeded the billion dollar mark in revenues. Southwest is the US most successful low fare high frequency airline. Southwest operates more than 3,510 flights a day coast to coast making it the largest US carrier based on domestic passenger carried. Southwest maintains the third largest passenger fleet of aircraft among all of the commercial airlines. According to the Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics Southwest carries more passengers than any other US airline. Southwest profitability business model led to a common trend called the Southwest Effect. The Southwest Effect...
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...Assignment #5. Corporate Culture/Leadership Actions Corporate Culture/Leadership Actions for Strategy Implementation Veronica M. Peterson Strayer University Strategic Management - Bus 599 Dr. Donny Bagwell June 14, 2010 Southwest Airlines Discuss the corporate culture at Southwest Airlines and how it leverages its culture to achieve a competitive advantage. Southwest Airlines culture has set them apart from other airlines and companies. Their culture is living the Southwest Way, which means one must have a warrior spirit, a servant’s heart and a fun-LUVing attitude. Another important company value is getting excellent results, which includes: focusing on safety, low cost, and high customer service delivery. Also, demonstrating integrity in all actions: being honest, ethical and trustworthy. They define their culture as the development, improvement, and refinement of the originality, individuality, identity, and personality of a given people. (Southwest) They operative principle is that the “employees come firs and customers come second.” The culture that Southwest Airlines have is the basis for their labor relations, customer service and organizational flexibility. One excerpt from Southwest's "The Book on Service: What Positively Outrageous Service Looks Like at Southwest Airlines" is rather instructive: "'attitude breeds attitude...' If we want our customers to have fun, we must create a fun-loving environment. That means we have to be self-confident...
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...Culture, Leadership and Staffing at Xerox Leadership After much reorganization and movement of leadership, Anne Mulcahy took over the helm of Xerox. Anne was a popular 24-year Xerox veteran promoted to president and chief operating officer when her predecessor Thoman was fired. Anne was a straight talker. She was very decisive in her decision making and took responsibility when she made an error. So much so that analysts were astonished Anne when conceded that Xerox had ''an unsustainable business model.'' However, Mulcahy later backed away from this statement, saying that she meant only that the company needed to cut operating costs and redirect investment from money-losing to high-margin businesses. Bloomberg magazine report on June 14 2001, Anne M. Mulcahy announced that the company was killing its entire line of desktop inkjet printers--a one-year-old business that employed 1,500 people worldwide and had been championed by Mulcahy herself. Mulcahy said that effective communication was perhaps the single most important component of the company's successful turnaround strategy. she emphasized the importance of listening to customers and employees. As CEO, Mulcahy spent the first 90 days on planes traveling to various offices and listening to anyone who had a perspective on what was wrong with the company. I think if you spend as much time listening as talking, that's time well spent. "When your organization is struggling, you have to give people the sense that...
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...The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture Paetha Michele Thompson Walden University The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture Organizational culture is viewed as the “glue” that holds companies together or the foundation the company is built on. According to Schneider, Ehrhart, and Macey (2013) they stated, organizational culture may be defined as “the shared basic assumptions, values, and beliefs that characterize a setting and are taught to newcomers as the proper way to think and feel, communicated by the myths and stories people tell about how the organization came to be the way it is as it solved problems associated with external adaptation and internal integration” (p. 362). To further define, BusinessDictionary.com (2015) defined organizational culture as, “the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization”. Leaders must have the ability to establish a culture in which the company is respected in society, and it is through the use of leadership the culture of the organization is passed to employees and the customers it serves. Diversity is another important factor of culture as having a diverse group allows for a variety of ideas to ensure innovation. Kapoor (2011) found it difficult to provide a clear definition of diversity, however she made clear the importance of remembering the cultural context of the organization and the society within which the organization exists to...
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