1. What three numbering systems are used in computing?
Decimal, Binary, and Hexidecimal

2. What is the BASE of Decimal? How many characters?
10,it has 10 symbols 0-9

3. What is the base of Binary? How many characters?
2, 2 characters 1 and 2

4. What number system is used for everyday math?
Decimal

5. What number system is used to store data by computers?
Binary

6. List the decimal to binary conversion methods.
-Divide the number you want to convert by 2.
-Record the remainder: If there’s no remainder, write down 0. If there’s any remainder, write down 1.
-Divide the resulting answer by 2. Repeat the process, recording the remainder each time. -Repeat the process until you divide 0 by 2. This is the last answer When you divide the last answer, the binary appears from LSB to MSB. Reverse the order of bit numbers so that MSB is recorded first and the conversion is complete.

7. Practice Decimal to Binary conversion.

8. State the powers of 2 from exponent 0 through 7.
0,2,4,8,16,32,64,128

9. What method can be used for Binary to Decimal conversion?
-Look at the number you want to convert and determine the smallest power of two that is greater than or equal to the number you want to subtract.
-Subtract the highest power of two from the value you want to convert. Record the value and write down binary 1.
-Move to the next lower power of two. If you can subtract it, record the result and also write down binary 1. If you cannot subtract it, write down binary 0.
-Repeat Step 3 until you attempt to subtract 20 (1). Again, write down binary 1 if you can subtract it or binary 0 if you cannot. . Unlike the division method, this method puts them in the correct order; there’s no need to write them down in reverse order.

10. Practice Binary to Decimal conversion.

11. State the basic units of measurements for bytes. Refer to table 2-3
Bit 1/8 of a byte, nibble ½ of a byte, byte 8 bits, kilobyte 1,000 bytes, megabit 1,000,000 bits, megabyte 1,000,000 bytes, gigabit 1,000,000,000 bits, gigabyte 1,000,000,000 bytes, Terabyte 1,000,000,000,000 bytes

12. Why are there apparent differences in the way memory usage is calculated?
Binary is for computers and decimal is for everyday usage for people and hexadecimal is for data.

13. What is the base of Hexadecimal? How many characters?
16, 16 characters 0-9 and a-f

14. Practice Hexadecimal conversion. Refer to table 2-4.

15. What are the three main Boolean operators?
There are three main Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT.

16. State the logic of the AND function.
To compare or combine two pieces of information

17. State the logic of the OR function.
The OR operator is used to broaden comparisons by including both sets of information.

18. State the logic of the NOT function.
The NOT operator is used to narrow comparisons by excluding the second set of information.

19. When are multiple Boolean operators used together?
When you are making a complex search

20. State the relationship between bandwidth and frequency.
Bandwidth is the maximum transfer speed and frequency is the amount of cycles per second

21. What term defines the amount of information that can be sent or received through a computer or network connection in one second? Bandwidth

22. List the two major methods of computer data transfer.
Parallel and Serial

23. Describe parallel transfers. Discuss pros and cons.
Easy to configure.
Fewer computer resources are required.
Many wires are needed, leading to interference concerns and thick, expensive cables. Excessively long parallel cables or traces can cause data to arrive at different times
Differences in voltage between wires or traces can cause jitter, which can be de- scribed as shaky pulses of bits that can lead to loss of transmitted data.

24. Describe serial transfers. Discuss pros and cons.
A serial transfer uses a single “lane” in the computer for information transfers. All bits are transmitted over the same conductor.
The construction of the cable is simplified.
Serial cables are cheaper.
Longer cable runs are allowed.
The construction of the transmitter and receiver are simplified.
Easy to configure.
Fewer computer resources are required.

25. Define Hertz. List several of the common multiples for Hertz.
Hertz measures the transmission frequency of radio and electrical signals in cycles per second.
Hertz 1 cycle per second, kilohertz 1,000 cycles per second, megahertz 1,000,000 cycles per second, gigahertz 1,000,000,000 cycles per second