...Deinstitutionalization Patricia Wilson Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to look at the history of deinstitutionalization; the driving forces behind it; and the impact it made on the individual, their family and society. Deinstitutionalization has been a topic of controversy from its onset. Did it create a further mental health crisis? Or was it successful with providing individuals who were suffering from a mental illness or intellectual developmental disability an opportunity of achieving their hopes and dreams and doing so by receiving supports in the least restrictive environment possible. The goal of deinstitutionalization was to develop a full range of community services that would take the place of institutions. Several driving forces were behind this: the development of psychiatric drugs, the belief that people should receive treatment as opposed to institutionalization, and federal policy and funding. Many hoped that these factors would greatly reduce and perhaps even eliminate mental illness. The individual transitioning from institutions, their family, and society were all impacted by this new direction. Most were not prepared for this move. The lack of planning and adequate treatment led to many unforeseen consequences such as homelessness and incarceration. A shift to community based care was encouraged through the Mental Health Centers Act of 1963. Various services were offered but unfortunately they focused more on helping...
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...Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill Ed Long HSM/210 Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill How did deinstitutionalization affect New York State? After the closing of mental institutions in 1954 mental patients were discharged in the community to live normal and productive lives. At the time the number of patients released overwhelmed community services. From the time deinstitutionalization started to present day, patients being released into the community, it was and still is being opposed. Some of the affects that deinstitutionalization has on the community is it evokes local fear, diminishes personal security and higher local and state budgets. When patients were released into the community they were not prepared to serve the number of patients released therefore making a lot of them homeless, in prison and were warehoused in a different way in single- room occupancy hotels or shelters. On average these people die 20 to 25 years earlier than the general population. There have been several studies done since the start of deinstitutionalization to show the serious public health problem. Some of the natural causes of death, but preventable were cardiovascular disease, complications from diabetes and metabolic syndrome, respiratory disease due to heavy smoking, and infections including HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Last but not least, deinstitutionalization was often linked with community's reaction and negative attitudes, prejudice, stereotypes...
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...Deinstitutionalization was a monumental shift meant to close down the widely believed cruel and ineffective state run institutions, and redirect the funds used to maintain them into community based treatment and housing. This has lead to a drop in the number of patients psychiatric hospitals can house from 650,000 to only 65,000, a ten-fold decrease (Frances). Ultimately the countries mentally ill were expelled from one horribly broken system to another, leaving most to inevitably face homelessness or incarceration. This was due to the reallocation funds to the states, which quickly picked away at the funds in the name of budget cuts, and the eventual turning over of treatment to privatized institutions. The problem of course being with privatized institutions...
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...31, 1963, President Kennedy signed the Community Mental Health Centers Act into law. Starting in the mid 1970’s, deinstitutionalization began to take affect, shutting down metal hospitals (Sheth). However, the policy of deinstitutionalization has since failed miserably. According to US Congressman Ted Strickland, thousands of mentally ill patients are being dumped out of state hospitals into communities that do not have the adequate services to receive them (Sheth). These efforts are known as "the deinstitutionalization movement", and have resulted in trans-institutionalization, in which huge numbers of mentally ill individuals lands in jails, prisons, homeless shelters, and flop houses (Sheth). Because of this, approximately one-third of homeless persons suffer from severe and disabling mental illnesses...
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...Kimberly Galloway HSM/210 Dr. Sandra M. Mancuso Deinstitutionalization is the process of state run mental health facilities being shut down in the attempt to allow people with serious mental illness to receive help from the community. "State mental hospital populations are reduced by discharging long-term residents, shortening hospital stays, and attempting to reduce the number of admissions" (Steadman, Monahan, Duffee, Hartstone, & Robbins 1984). While the intentions were good, the act itself has become "one of the most well-meaning but poorly planned social changes ever carried out in the United States" (Torrey, Kennard, Eslinger, Lamb, and Pavle 2010). This event has had a huge impact on the criminal justice system, causing jails and prisons to become the main healthcare provider for people with Serious Mental Illness in the United States. Deinstitutionalization has not worked as planned. The current figures indicate that at least 16% of inmates in prison have a serious mental illness (Torrey et al 2010). With the decrease in state run mental hospitals jails and prisons are now primary health care providers for the mentally ill. All the act of deinstitutionalization has done is shifted costs from hospitals into prisons where many people cannot get adequate treatment for their symptoms. The burden is now on the justice system, and the public, to care for these people. Healthcare in prison was constitutionally mandated by the Supreme Court in 1976 in the case of Estelle...
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...hsm210tutorials.com HSM 210 week 1 Check Point Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill HSM 210 week 1 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 2 Checkpoint Researching Human Services Agencies HSM 210 week 2 Assignment Contemporary Problems HSM 210 week 3 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 4 Checkpoint Differentiating Between Public and Private Organizations HSM 210 week 4 Assignment Examining Government Regulations HSM 210 week 5 Exercise Critical Thinking Exercises HSM 210 week 5 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 6 Assignment Prevention HSM 210 week 6 Checkpoint Determining levels of prevention HSM 210 week 7 Checkpoint Comparing Values HSM 210 week 7 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 8 Assignment Characteristics and Skills HSM 210 week 8 Checkpoint Evaluating Communication Strategies HSM 210 week 9 Capstone DQ HSM 210 week 9 Final Substance Abuse and the Native American Population ******************************************************** HSM 210 week 1 CheckPoint Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsm210tutorials.com Check Point: Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill One of the most significant historical events to impact the evolution of human service work was the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill in the 1960s. Your text examines some positive and negative outcomes of deinstitutionalization. Resources: Ch. 3 (p. 144) of Human Services in...
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...movements began protesting these facilities en masse. Efforts to promote deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill in America began in 1955, specifically in conjunction with the release of antipsychotic medications. The systematic process involved releasing patients from state institutions back to the community, while reducing and eliminating the number of intakes. The overarching goal of this process, then, was the eventual closure of the institutions. Drugs such as Thorazine, which were found to be effective at treating the symptoms of psychosis, were prescribed in large amounts to many patients, who were then released from hospital care. Clearly, this practice was a cause for ethical concern—much in the same way that patients, while under the care of state institutions, were treated unethically. For example, in a special edition of Rhode Island History which focused on the reputation of state institutions, namely the Dr. Joseph H. Ladd School, Duffy et al. (1981) reported that hospitals seemed to be stuck in a cycle of inhumane treatment, which residents were doomed to endure for decades until the eventual closure of these institutions. Although removing patients from state care seems to be a logical step in the right direction, a great deal of debate concerns whether or not deinstitutionalization has been effective in promoting both individual and community health. The process of deinstitutionalization involved two parts—first, to reduce the number of patients in long-term...
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...com/product/hsm-210-complete-class/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS HSM 210 Week 1 CheckPoint Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill HSM 210 Week 1 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 2 Checkpoint Researching Human Services Agencies HSM 210 Week 2 Assignment Contemporary Problems HSM 210 Week 3 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 4 Checkpoint Differentiating Between Public and Private Organizations HSM 210 Week 4 Assignment Examining Government Regulations HSM 210 Week 5 Exercise Critical Thinking Exercises HSM 210 Week 5 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 6 Assignment Prevention HSM 210 Week 6 Checkpoint Determining levels of prevention HSM 210 Week 7 Checkpoint Comparing Values HSM 210 Week 7 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 8 Assignment Characteristics and Skills HSM 210 Week 8 Checkpoint Evaluating Communication Strategies HSM 210 Week 9 Capstone DQ HSM 210 Week 9 Final Substance Abuse and the Native American Population Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS in order to ace their studies. HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hsm-210-complete-class/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS HSM 210 Week 1 CheckPoint Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill HSM 210 Week 1 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 2 Checkpoint Researching Human Services Agencies ...
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...Adrienne McIntosh Instructor: Stephanie J. Hawkins, Ph.D. HS5315: Professional & Scientific Ethics September 7, 2008 For this assignment, submit your Part 2: Analysis of Ethical Dilemma paper to your instructor, who will provide feedback. Papers should be submitted to the assignments section of the course and follow the required guidelines. In this second part of the project, provide an analysis of a hypothetical ethical dilemma that you have developed. Keep in mind that the hypothetical ethical dilemma you are analyzing should also be within the same work environment that you analyzed and submitted in Unit 5 for Part 1: Analysis of Work Environment. There are several substantial areas that you must consider in your analysis. The following questions will help you to begin your analysis of the ethical dilemma you have chosen. • What is the ethical dilemma and who are the individuals involved? Be sure to fully describe the dilemma and its context. • What are the main ethical concerns presented in the dilemma? What sources and references can you use to support your analysis? • How could you apply the theories and techniques of human service professions to a wide variety of ethical dilemmas? • What documentation would you provide for the Ethics committee if it were a real-life situation? What decision making process would you present to them upon review of this case? How would you define and relate...
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...more to jail people than treating them with medicine, meaning that the money saved by the government is put to waste. The deinstitutionalization of mental healthcare is what started these community health centers in the first place. What led to the deinstitutionalization of mental health care was how bad mental institutions were run. Before, mentally ill people were taken into asylums, where they were alienated and imprisoned from everyone. As the years progressed, many people proposed and made reforms that abolished the use of mental hospitals from 558,000 to fewer than 60,000 hospitals/asylums from 1955 to 1998(Ford 31). Ford described these mental hospitals as confined, compressed, and overcrowded. John F. Kennedy, one of the key contributors to the deinstitutionalization movement, proposed a reform that implemented a new system for the mentally ill. He wanted to replace these asylums with community-based health centers that would not alienate or confine the mentally ill. Kennedy explained that,” We must move from the outmoded use of distant custodial institutions to the concept of community-centered agencies”(Ford 30) and later on explained how health centers helped the mentally ill people through various alternatives other than confinement through the use of health, education, rehabilitation, etc. Kennedy’s reform helped lead the deinstitutionalization movement in mental health care and treatment through the abolishment of mental hospitals and asylums and the implementation...
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...A large number of homeless people entered the street in the 1970s. A large contributing factor is because of deinstitutionalization of medically ill, as well as the changes in housing stock, which led to a dramatic decline of single-room housing that began in the 1950s (Coalition). These single-room housing units provided low-cost housing for low-income families due to several factors such as the shared kitchen and bathroom systems (Coalition). “In 1960, by one measure, there were approximately 129,000 single-room housing units citywide. By the 1970s, single-room housing had become the “housing of last resort” for poor single adults, many of whom were disabled, elderly, addicts, or ex-inmates,” (Coalition). Besides the simple cut of single-room housing, this deinstitutionalization led a discharge of tens of thousands of mentally ill individuals to the New York City communities. According to the Coalition for the Homeless, “between 1965 and 1979 alone, the number of resident patients in State psychiatric centers fell from 85,000 to 27,000, which was a 68 percent decline.” This policy of deinstitutionalization was due to new and different medications and new approaches in providing treatment in a community setting. Because of the deinstitutionalization, single-room housing units became a key place for those...
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...Tonette Robertson February 1, 2013 Radford University Master of Social Work As a child when asked what I wanted to be when I grow up I would respond, “I want to be a doctor”, when asked why I would answer, “Because I want to help people.” As I got older and helped my maternal grandmother who was sick with several of health issues I then changed my career goal to being a nurse. And needless to say from there I wanted to be a million other things; psychologist, child care provider, massage therapist, all with one thing in common; to help others and to be effective in their life. I became interested in social work after being placed in foster care at the age of fourteen. Confused, frustrated and angry, I was in desperate need, and it was caring social workers who, with my best interest at heart, provided me with the care that I needed. I have had many different social workers with different styles of working, those who are overly passionate, those who are not so ethnical, and then the social workers who within months quit. However, the passionate social workers supersede any other style of social work and have had great influence on my career decisions. As a social worker, I will be able to sympathize with the individuals that I work with, being that I was once in a similar position. As a social worker, I want to touch as many lives as possible and be effective when working with each individual on my case. I want to work in areas of social work that are close to my heart....
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...following centuries, reform came in waves due to both internal and external pressures (Payne & Sacks, 2009). In time, institutions began to shift away from prison-like to more care-focused as paternalistic moral treatment developed (Sciencemuseum.org.uk, 2015). While moral treatment was pleasant, it gave little respect for patient autonomy and made little progress toward actually improving the mental health of the committed. There were no cages or shackles, but rather an imposed state of perpetual tranquility. As time progressed the turn of the 20th century saw to even further advancements as psychiatry, institutions, and systems of commitment began to modernize. A fundamental part of modernization of psychiatric institutions is deinstitutionalization, which will be more thoroughly discussed as a social construct in section III. Despite the drastic changes that psychiatric care has undergone in the past several centuries, the process of commitment (especially involuntary commitment) has remained relatively stable. It is only in the recent past that discussion has begun on changing the interaction between the mentally ill and the law. The civil commitment system is incredibly dependent on context, both the persons involved and steps needed to commit someone to inpatient care can vary drastically by location (Hughes, Hayward & Finlay, 2009). As such, the following discussion will generalize as much as possible without risking inaccuracy. A fundamental issue with psychiatric care...
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...Traverse City State Hospital Known for its architecture is The Traverse City State Hospital. Built in 1885, in Northern Michigan, this breathtaking property now stands today “as mute witness to a therapeutic movement that once flourished in the United States”. The hospital’s original theme was "beauty is therapy." This mental institution was part of Michigan's mental health department, which had other institutions at places including Kalamazoo, Pontiac, Newberry, Northville, Caro, and other cities. The hospitals first superintendent, Dr. James Decker Munson, felt that if people were surrounded by beauty and tranquility, a lot of their mental problems would cease to exist. The use of straightjackets wasn’t even allowed. Also, as part of the “work is therapy” philosophy, the asylum provided opportunities for patients to gain a sense of purpose through farming, furniture construction, fruit canning, and other trades that kept the institution fully self-sufficient. The asylum also produced its own electricity and heat. Dr. James Decker Munson believed that mental asylums should be for the treatment of the patients, not just for storing the mentally ill. It was this belief that led the way for the natural environment of care he created for his patients, and originated the idea of therapeutic work for the mentally ill, who worked on the hospital farm. In 1881, the state chose Traverse City as the site for the Northern Michigan Asylum, where Dr. Munson was selected as...
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...antiquated facilities one being an abandoned mineshaft in Connecticut. Americans began to see that things had to change in regards to how people were incarcerated and for what and with whom. Particularly the mentally ill needed to be housed separately because of serious mental deficit. Although this practice what not adapted fully until 1880 after a long crusade led by Dorothea Dix. The Reverend Louis Dwight and Dorothea Dix were remarkably successful in leading the effort to place mentally ill persons in public psychiatric hospitals rather than in jails and almshouses (Deinstitutionalization: A Psychiatric Titanic (n.d.). By 1880, there were 75 public psychiatric hospitals in the United States for the total population of 50 million people. Deinstitutionalization: A Psychiatric Titanic (n.d.). (In 1880, the first complete census of "insane persons" in the United States was carried out (Deinstitutionalization: A Psychiatric Titanic (n.d.). The emergence of Feminism had a particular meaning for American Women. Women faced many restrictions but a new set of barriers was imposed on them that emerged from the doctrine of “separate spheres”( Brinkley). Women began to feel a lot of resentment; this and many other factors made them snap around 1840. The position of women had been inferior in the U.S. society of the 19th century and this was not a pleasant condition to be tolerated by the American women who believed that in forming and sustaining the norms and conventions of the family...
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