...journal entries (or the sum total, if that helps) and to synthesize some thread of thinking or learning that you find in there. You might build on a single entry or on something bridging multiple entries, but the point is to capture something that you are learning. We expect the paper to have some over-arching, coherent argument so that it is not simply a string of thoughts. A string of thoughts is fine for your journal entries, but here we do want some synthesis. You should not spend time summarizing your activities, unless that is essential for your argument. Grading Criteria The criteria we will use to evaluate the papers are listed below. Note that you do not have to address all of these criteria in one paper. We want you to address all of them over the course of the semester, but any single paper can focus on only one or two of these. Regardless of what you choose to write your reflection synthesis on, your paper must demonstrate clear, coherent argumentation. 1. Expression of Learning 2. Discussion and/or synthesis of course readings 3. Reflection on assumptions and cultural frames of reference 4. Connection to proposal process Word Count The reflection papers, except for the final one, should be at least 500 words, but not a lot longer than that. The final paper should be around 1,500...
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...BLUE PRINT - CHEMISTRY - Higher Secondary – Second Year Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 150 S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. OBJECTIVES Atomic Structure Periodic Classification p-Block elements d-Block elements f-Block elements Co-ordination and Bio-coordination compounds - KNOWLEDGE E/LA SA VSA 1(3) UNDERSTANDING O E / L A SA VSA 1(1) 1(5) 1(3) 1(3) 1(1) - APPLICATION SKILL O E/LA SA VSA O TOTAL 10 09 O E/LA SA VSA 1(5) 1(3) - 1(1) - - 1(5) - - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(1) 12 18 07 11 1(5) 1(3) - 1(3) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) - 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Nuclear Chemistry Solid state Thermodynamics-II Chemical equilibrium-II Chemical Kinetics-II Surface Chemistry Electrochemistry-I Electrochemistry-II Isomerism in Organic Chemistry Hydroxy Derivatives Ethers Carbonyl Compounds Carboxylic Acids Organic Nitrogen Compounds Bio molecules Chemistry in Action Problems in Chemistry TOTAL 1(5) 1(5) - - 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) - 1(5) - 1(5) - 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) - - 09 1(1) 09 10 1(1) 10 12 11 14 10 08 12 1(3) 1(1) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 2(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(1) 1(5) - 1(1) 07 14 14 11 07 08 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) 1(1) - 1(1) 1(5) - 20 5 24 6 25 20 24 10 15 25 6 10 20 10 ...
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...SYNTHESIS AND RELEVANCE OF THE REVIEW A general synthetic route to two DOTA-linked N-Fmoc amino acids (DOTA-F and DOTA-K) is described that allows insertion of DOTA at any endo-position within a peptide sequence. Three model pentapeptides were prepared to test the general utility of these derivatives in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Both DOTA derivatives reacted smoothly by means of standard HBTU activation chemistry to the point of insertion of the DOTA amino acid, but extension of the peptide chain beyond the DOTA-amino acid insertion required the use of pre-activated C-pentafluorophenyl ester N-alpha-Fmoc amino acids. Three Gal-80 binding peptides (12-mers) were then prepared by using this methodology with DOTA positioned either at the N terminus or at one of two different internal positions;the binding of the resulting GdDOTA-12-mers to Gal-80 were compared. The methodology described here allows versatile, controlled introduction of DOTA into any location within a peptide sequence. This provides a potential method for the screening of libraries of DOTA-linked peptides for optimal targeting properties This report describes the synthesis and structural characterization of the indium complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono(p-aminoanilide) (DOTA-AA), a model compound for 111In-labeled DOTA-biomolecule conjugates. In(DOTA-AA) was prepared by reacting DOTA-AA with 1 equiv of InCl3 in 0.5 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH ∼ 6). It was characterized...
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...researched and worked on these days. This paper presents an overview of speech synthesis approach, its applications and advancements towards modern technology. It begins with a description of how such systems work, examines the use of text-to-speech software and try to apply this technology to the DMCS project for evidence of benefits of text to speech applications for people engaged in different fields and the level of accuracy that can be expected. Applications of speech synthesis technology in various fields are then explored. The document concludes with potential uses of speech to text in various fields, likely main uses of the technology in the future. TEXT TO SPEECH – INTRODUCTION A Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis is a widely used technology that should be able to read any text aloud, whether it was directly introduced in the computer by an operator or scanned and submitted to an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system. Let it be more precise, systems that simply concatenate isolated words or parts of sentences, denoted as Voice Response Systems, are only applicable when a limited vocabulary is required (typically a few one hundreds of words), and when the sentences to be pronounced respect a very restricted structure, as is the case for the announcement of arrivals in train stations for instance. It’s well known that the context of TTS synthesis is impossible to record and store all the words of the language (Dutoit...
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...CONCATENATIVE TEXT-TO-SPEECH SYNTHESIS OF TWO-SYLLABLE FILIPINO WORDS Lourdes T. Tupas, Rowena Cristina L. Guevara, Ph.D., and Melvin Co Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of the Philippines, Diliman ABSTRACT In concatenative-based speech synthesizers, one of the most important problems is proper union of speech units to achieve an intelligible and natural-sounding synthetic speech. For that purpose, speech units need to be processed and concatenated so that discontinuities at concatenation points are minimized. Another possible solution to this is by using a larger speech unit to decrease the number of concatenation points. In this project, which utilized two-syllable Filipino words, the speech unit is syllable. Characterization of these Filipino words is done to differentiate words of the same spelling but of different meanings. This characterization took note of the pitch, duration of utterance of each syllable in the word, and the first three formant frequencies. A digital signal processing (DSP) block is also implemented. It accepts two-syllable text and outputs all the possible utterances of that word; this block is the text-to-speech synthesizer. A two-interval forced choice test was conducted to evaluate the level of naturalness of the synthesized speech. Words of the same spelling but of different meanings are distinguished using the prosody and intelligibility test. 1. INTRODUCTION ...
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...Evaluating Commercial Spoken Language Translation Software Harold SOMERS and Yuri SUGITA1 Centre for Computational Linguistics UMIST, PO Box 88 Manchester M60 1QD, England Harold.Somers@umist.ac.uk, sugita_yuri@yahoo.co.jp Abstract1 While spoken language translation remains a research goal, a crude form of it is widely available commercially for Japanese–English as a pipeline concatenation of speech-to-text recognition (SR), text-to-text translation (MT) and text-to-speech synthesis (SS). This paper proposes and illustrates an evaluation methodology for this noisy channel which tries to quantify the relative amount of degradation in translation quality due to each of the contributing modules. A small pilot experiment involving word-accuracy rate for the SR, and a fidelity evaluation for the MT and SS modules is proposed in which subjects are asked to paraphrase translated and/or synthesised sentences from a tourist’s phrasebook. Results show (as expected) that MT is the “noisiest” channel, with SS contributing least noise. The concatenation of the three channels is worse than could be predicted from the performance of each as individual tasks. 1. Introduction Evaluation is without doubt a major aspect of language engineering, including Machine Translation (MT). Although it is still true that no consensus exists regarding the best way to evaluate software, there is general agreement about some of the factors that must be taken into account when deciding what form an evaluation...
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...The Implication of Using Natural Reader Software to Increase Students’ Listening Comprehension Many students have difficulties with listening comprehension. Sometimes, they are bored, even complain that they get little bit benefit from listening class. That is why many of them need to practice listening basics, and it is necessary for English teachers to realize the importance of how to make listening class more interesting so that they can make progress in listening comprehension. Natural Reader software might be one of the solutions to solve the difficulties on listening comprehension class. Listening is a skill that is rarely taught in the classroom but is frequently used to communicate even in final exam at Senior High School. That is why listening is an important skill that empowers students to learn more deeply and effectively. A good situation in listening has to be created with proficiency of receiving, interpreting and reacting to the messages received from the communication sender. Practicing listening technique in most of Indonesian senior high school are plenty, but unfortunately, most of them are also ineffective. It occurs because most of the techniques that used in listening classes are common. According to Richard, “technique is implementational- that which actually take place in the classroom.” The techniques such as listening with tape recorder, radio tape, or dictation are not very effective in practice as many disturbances will occur. Like the media such...
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...ARTICLES PUBLISHED ONLINE: 15 DECEMBER 2014 | DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.2131 Copper-catalysed selective hydroamination reactions of alkynes Shi-Liang Shi and Stephen L. Buchwald* The development of selective reactions that utilize easily available and abundant precursors for the efficient synthesis of amines is a long-standing goal of chemical research. Despite the centrality of amines in a number of important research areas, including medicinal chemistry, total synthesis and materials science, a general, selective and step-efficient synthesis of amines is still needed. Here, we describe a set of mild catalytic conditions utilizing a single copper-based catalyst that enables the direct preparation of three distinct and important amine classes (enamines, α-chiral branched alkylamines and linear alkylamines) from readily available alkyne starting materials with high levels of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. This methodology was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of rivastigmine and the formal synthesis of several other pharmaceutical agents, including duloxetine, atomoxetine, fluoxetine and tolterodine. C omplex organic molecules play a crucial role in the study and treatment of disease. The extent to which they can be utilized in these endeavours depends on the efficient and selective chemical methods for their construction1. Amines are widely represented in biologically active natural products and medicines2 (a small selection of which are shown in Fig. 1a). Consequently, the selective...
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...over-exposure to fluoride include dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and toxicity. Dental fluorosis can range from mild white striations in the enamel to severe brown staining and pitting (Stoneman, 2014). Generally, communities with water fluoridation have a higher prevalence of dental fluorosis in comparison to communities that do not have fluoridated water (Stoneman, 2014). Skeletal fluorosis is a crippling disease caused by prolonged exposure of ≥ 10mg of fluoride per day for at least ten years, but it is extremely...
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...Data Analysis-Why? A. To study and examine data collected 1 Synthesis of data B. Identify community strengths C. Identify community health needs D. Determine need for further data collection: 1. find if research has been done. 2. Data gaps: determine need for further data collection. Make sure you can support data gaps with information from assessment. E. Look for trends/patterns; how often do you see a recurrent theme? F. Discovery of causative relationships: the R/T portion. I. Basic Steps of Data Analysis(4) 2 Categorize-e.g. by demographics, commonalities. E.g. intra/extra community for health and social services 3 Summarize 4 Compare 5 Inference/Interpretation II. Categorize Data 6 There are many ways to sort and categorize data e.g. demographically by age groups, by problem type 7 Geographic approaches may be used 8 Use of model; we are using the wheel from Neuman’s model. 9 Look for data convergence when categorizing-e.g. how many times do we see data converging in different categories? 10 Look for commonalties, health resources that are available. SEC, age, etc. III. Data Summary 11 Summary statements-summarize each table. 12 Summary statistics-put data into percentages and rates so that different areas/communities can be compared. Raw numbers will not work to compare different areas. 13 Graphic methods of data summary: 14 Remember that tables need concise summary data. P. 222, can put population...
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...JBMR ORIGINAL ARTICLE Osteoblast Maturation and New Bone Formation in Response to Titanium Implant Surface Features Are Reduced With Age Rene Olivares-Navarrete, 1 * Andrew L Raines, 1,2 * Sharon L Hyzy, 1 Jung Hwa Park, 1 Daphne L Hutton, 1 David L Cochran , 3 Barbara D Boyan , 1 and Zvi Schwartz 1,3 1 Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA St. Joseph’s Translational Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA 3 University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 2 ABSTRACT The surface properties of materials contribute to host cellular response and play a significant role in determining the overall success or failure of an implanted biomaterial. Rough titanium (Ti) surface microtopography and high surface free energy have been shown to enhance osteoblast maturation in vitro and increase bone formation in vivo. Whereas the surface properties of Ti are known to affect osteoblast response, host bone quality also plays a significant role in determining successful osseointegration. One factor affecting host bone quality is patient age. We examined both in vitro and in vivo whether response to Ti surface features was affected by animal age. Calvarial osteoblasts isolated from 1-, 3-, and 11-month-old rats all displayed a reduction in cell number and increases in alkaline phosphatase–specific activity and osteocalcin in response to increasing Ti surface microtopography...
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...Module: Business Analysis and Assessment Week: 06 Discussion Question Name: Sahr Dauda Date: 18 July 2012 Question: How would you justify spending time and money on a business analysis of your company? Can such an exercise really pay off in ways that make it worth the effort? Analysis, as summed up from my readings, can be regarded as a clinical and structured decomposition of a subject into its constituent parts with the aim of acquiring salient information and deeper understanding of the said subject and to offer robust solutions for improvements. It is thus a process that is inherently iterative and involves, as proffered by Williamson et al., (2004), lots of research to gain deeper insight into the business which encompasses all aspects of the business and its environment. In short, it is a holistic process that unearths the secrets of the business and identifies areas needing attention. It thus seeks to find answers to questions like where is the business now, what does it do and how does it do it, where does it want to go and how can this be achieved (Williamson et al., 2004). Yes, it consumes time and money but insights so garnered from the analytical process leading to formation of strategies will give the business a favourable competitive position and superior profitability. To reduce time and money spent, analytical tools are used to aid in the process, besides bringing structure to it. Note here that only the right necessary tools are used, as a few too...
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...Network synthesis is a method of designing signal processing filters. It has produced several important classes of filter including the Butterworth filter, the Chebyshev filter and the Elliptic filter. It was originally intended to be applied to the design of passive linear analogue filters but its results can also be applied to implementations in active filters and digital filters. The essence of the method is to obtain the component values of the filter from a given rational function representing the desired transfer function. Contents [hide] * 1 Description of method * 2 Important filter classes * 2.1 Butterworth filter * 2.2 Chebyshev filter * 2.3 Cauer filter * 2.4 Bessel filter * 3 Driving point impedance * 4 Prototype filters * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 References Description of method[edit] The method can be viewed as the inverse problem of network analysis. Network analysis starts with a network and by applying the various electric circuit theorems predicts the response of the network. Network synthesis on the other hand, starts with a desired response and its methods produce a network that outputs, or approximates to, that response.[1] Network synthesis was originally intended to produce filters of the kind formerly described as "wave filters" but now usually just called filters. That is, filters whose purpose is to pass waves of certain wavelengths while rejecting waves of other wavelengths. Network synthesis...
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...An Analysis of an Ideologue Charles Darwin [Name] [Institution] An Analysis of an Ideologue Charles Darwin Introduction Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a renowned English naturalist whose work completely revolutionized the study of natural sciences. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was not only popular during his time but it soon formed the foundation of modern scientific attempts to understand the origin and development of life on earth. Forming part of the reason for his success was his passionate personality concerning science and the nature in general. According to Gutek (1995, p.5), Darwin was a great naturalist whose theory exerted a profound outlook on the European as well as American intellectuals. For example, by questioning the traditional conceptions of human origin, the theory brought about changes in the manner of thinking among many intellectuals. Darwin’s personal accomplishments were shaped by a number of factors chief among them his early interest in nature. From childhood, Charles Darwin collected different things such as beetles and stones and carried out experiments together with his brother inside a garden shed. However, it is his five year voyage aboard HMS Beagle (1831-1836) which provided him with an opportunity to make observations and investigations that culminated in his theory of natural selection (Sulloway, 1982, p.1). Historical Context There are a number of historical events that significantly...
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...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
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