...Introduction The definition of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities has changed over the past several years. One of the most significant changes was within the name. The former name of this disability was Mental Retardation (MR). This name was changed to Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities AAIDD, (formerly known as AAMR), changed its name in 2007 to help people with “sub average intellectual abilities”, avoid ridicule and scorn. In 2010 Rosas Law was passed. This new Law mandated that the term, “intellectual disabilities” replace “mental retardation”. (Hallahan, Kuffman, & Pullen, 2015. P.84.) During this time many schools were protesting to “Spread...
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...1 CARING FOR THE DISABLED PATIENT 2 Millions people in the world live with some type of disability, and nearly 20% of adults in the U.S. are living with physical or mental disability.The oxford dictionary disability describes a disability as a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. It can divided into physical or cognitive disability and then divided even further. A study conducted by Dinsmore allowed patients to reveal their concerns about their hospital care. As a result of this survey, a focused piece of research was commissioned to assess the levels of service being delivered to hospital patients with learning disabilities.Hahn conducted a study with advanced practice nurses and the interventions they use for older adults for preventive intervention model for adults aging with developmental disabilities. Healthcare organizations are expected to meet the needs of this diverse population and sensitive to patients with healthbased challenges and disabilities (Hahn 2014) . In the study conducted by Dinsmore and Higgins, the group for the study was recruited from a charity organization for people with disabilities. They wanted to help the conductors of the study with the project. The participants interviewed had to have a disability and had to have some type of experience being in a hospital setting.Thirteen interviews with this group were conducted and members of these people’s families were ...
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...3 Autism 4 Videogames and young people with Developmental disorders 10 Funding of Applied Behavior Analysis 11 Executive function in individuals with sub threshold Autism traits 12 Conclusion 14 References 15 Abstract The increasing number of individuals with Learning Disabilities (LD) and psychiatric disorders presents a key challenge to their assessment and treatment in mental health services. Children and young people with LD are more likely to experience mental health than the general population (Allington-Smith, 2006). There is a close relationship between autism spectrum disorder and learning disability. Epidemiological studies suggest that autism is more frequent in people with LD, nearly 40% of people with LD also have autism on the other hand, and nearly 70% of people with autism also have LD (La Mafa, 2004). The strong association between autism and LD (Bradley, 2004) also associates an increased risk of mental health problems. It is suggested that adults with LD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this requires more conclusive evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults with LD and autism. Autism Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years...
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...disabled is not taboo as it was in the past. Unless the disability is really noticeable (physical) you would not know that a person has a disability. Not long ago when a person was classified with a developmental disability they may have been placed in a group home of institutionalized according to their disability. Since then, time has changed drastically and persons are able to get treated within the comfort of their own living quarters. From adults to children facilities have come forward with alternative living for those that had little hope of functionally normal in society. More informal settings have come forward and have placed themselves in communities for ease of access. Thanks to government funding to non-profit organizations, communities are able to assist those that need assistance, by providing them services that may only be offered at the hospital level. Name at least four informal networks for clients, and the pros and cons of each One of the biggest informal network organizations that are provided in an informal setting is the Respite services program. A respite service provides an array of informal networks that assist those with a developmental disability. This program administers funds to public and private organizations to help establish model facilities for him/her with disabilities. Social Services will examine the needs; refer clients appropriately to an organization that is matched to his or her disability in their neighborhood. The respite services is there...
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...Case Studies Johnnathan Johnson EDU 620 September 30, 2012 Michael Horn Throughout this six week course, Meeting Individual Needs with Technology, we have researched the spectrums of Assistive Technology available for the individual and the classroom, and researched the different types of disabilities and how the Assistive Technology can aid students in navigating life and succeeding as individuals. Case Study #1 Emily is a five-year-old female student who is visually impaired. Emily has low vision and has some independence. She is able to see letters and numbers with amplification. In the past, Emily has been enrolled in a Head Start class with typical peers. Emily experienced great success in her preschool classroom. She had access to assistive technology that assisted her in participating in most activities within the class. Emily will be starting kindergarten in the fall. She will be in a general education class with typical peers. Emily’s parents, and her IEP team, expect her to be fully included in most activities. Please describe assistive technologies that will allow Emily to have access to grade level content and to participate with her peers in the classroom. For Emily’s case, with her weak vision she would be considered to have a sensory disability, or visual impairment which would affect her academics, and keep her from the average experience of a typical student in a day of the average life. Fortunately, for both visual and auditory sensory...
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...Intro Intellectual disability is the most common developmental disorder, as well as the most handicapping disorder encompassed by those beginning in childhood (Harris, 2006). The term “disability” refers to the limitations of an individual experience, inhibiting his or her ability to function in society (2006). A recent survey of over 1,000 US youths ranging in age from 8 to 18 years reported that 92 percent of respondents had heard the word retard (“r-word”) used in a negative way. However, only about one-third of these respondents were fully aware of its meaning (Siperstein, Pociask, & Collins, 2010). “Intellectual Disability” is the current name for this disorder within the DSM-5, in past, referred to as mental retardation in the DSM-4....
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...Families of children with disabilities have an added burden of providing protection to their children from various types of abuse or neglect. Although all children have the same risk of abuse at the early infancy ages, the risk increases for the disabled as they age. National data indicates that children labeled as disabled are two times more likely to experience abuse and neglect. Wallace and Roberson (2014) state that individuals with developmental disabilities are affected by violence differently than the general population and may experience violence levels up to five times higher than the general population. Other studies have indicated that 60% of children with developmental disabilities and impairments experience some form of abuse and neglect. Mandell et al. (2005) point out that these estimates may be grossly underestimated, as sometimes children with disabilities suffer from cognitive and/or verbal deficits, which prevent them from reporting the abuse. Sexual victimization tends to be the most prevalent form of abuse committed against the developmental disabled. Sorensen (2002) estimates anywhere from 4 times to 10 times higher because the victims may be repeatedly abused by the same abuser. One reason that the rate is only an estimate is because many of the abuses go unreported. Based on global percentages and statistics of the general population, there is an underrepresentation of sexual assault on children with developmental disabilities. In addition, Sorensen...
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...communications, and behavioral challenges can characterize autism spectrum disorder. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated the “1 and 68 children has been identified with an autism spectrum disorder and about 1 in 6 children aged 13-17 has developmental disability” (CDC, n.d.). Several children are not recognized to have a developmental disability until after entering grade school. The signs children that may not have been identified with developmental disability are shown when they have...
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...There are several substantial areas that you must consider in your analysis. The following questions will help you to begin your analysis of the ethical dilemma you have chosen. • What is the ethical dilemma and who are the individuals involved? Be sure to fully describe the dilemma and its context. • What are the main ethical concerns presented in the dilemma? What sources and references can you use to support your analysis? • How could you apply the theories and techniques of human service professions to a wide variety of ethical dilemmas? • What documentation would you provide for the Ethics committee if it were a real-life situation? What decision making process would you present to them upon review of this case? How would you define and relate the role and functions of ethical standards in scientific research in the human service professions? These questions are only meant to help you start your analysis. You should also include (Herlihy, B. Corey G., 2006) … “Suggest that counselors who are culturally responsive increase their chances of practicing in an ethical fashion with diverse client groups they went on to “say that...
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...Developmental Disorders Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Diagnosis The first diagnosed case of ASD was in 1938 by American psychiatrist Leo Kanner. A diagnosis of ASD can be made accurately before the child is 3 years old but the diagnosis of ASD is not commonly confirmed until the child is somewhat older. The ages of diagnosis can range from 9 months to 14 years however the mean age of diagnosis is 13 months. On average each case of ASD is tested at 3 different diagnostic centers before confirmed. Early diagnosis of the disorder can diminish familial stress, speed up referral to special educational programs and influence family planning. In the brain The cause of ASD is still uncertain. ASD is a disorder of the cortex, which controls higher functions, sensation, muscle movements, and memory. What is known is that a child with ASD has a pervasive problem with how the brain is wired. The distribution of white matter, the nerve fibers that link diverse parts of the brain, is abnormal. An ASD child’s brain grows at a very rapid rate and is almost fully grown by the age of 10. Symptoms Signs include impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive or restricted patterns of interest or behaviors. There are also different symptoms at different ages based on developmental milestones. Children between 0 and 36 months with ASD show lack of eye contact, seem to be deaf, lack of social smile, doesn’t like being touched or held, unusual sensory behavior,...
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...Abstract : Mental retardation (MR) is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, characterized by impairment of skills (cognitive, language, motor and social) manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to overall level of intelligence. Intellectual Disability is a more precise term (used in DSM-V). MR is an etiological factor for development of various co-morbidities, which account for substantial burden of the disease. However, the extent of this co-occurrence varies substantially between reports. Aim: To study the prevalence of psychiatric and medical comorbidity, among different degrees of Mental Retardation. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional, singlecentered study conducted at the out patient department of Psychiatry, Maharajah’s Institute Of Medical Sciences. Material & Methods : Sixty-three persons, who came for disability certification, were diagnosed with MR as per ICD-10 criteria, The Wechsler’s Adult Intelligence Scale – IV and The Developmental Screening Test for IQ and Vineland Social Maturity Scale for SQ assessment were used. Psychiatric and medical co-morbidities were diagnosed, using clinical examination, laboratory investigation, the ICD-10 Diagnostic criteria and CHA-PAS SCALE. Statistical Analysis : The statistical analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 version. Frequency, percentages and chi square analysis were used to analyze the data. Result : Out of...
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...Children and adolescents generally receive the greatest proportion of their treatment through school- based educational programs. The reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001( commonly referred to as No Child left Behind) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 have introduced both educators and parents to the term evidence- based practices. The purpose of introducing evidence- based practices emanates from the need for educators to identify treatments that have been clearly defined and tested and that yield clear results about the effectiveness of the treatments. The legislative requirement for evidence has spawned two major responses from researchers in special education. First,...
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...skills. There are many different treatments of Autism for children that can help with their skills. Autism is a neuro developmental disorder that has alternative treatments with medical care and support from others. The best periods to get these treatments are for young children were they’re still learning developmental skills. The three main ideas I am discussing are the physical, social, and medical treatments for this disorder. The physical treatments that are around to support children with Autism are therapy. There are different types of therapy they can get support with such as occupational, sensory, and craniosacral therapy. These therapies can significantly help these children’s motor skills. In the Article “Traditional occupational Therapy Services for Youth with Neurologic and developmental disabilities, by Windy Chou and Minerva Duong they stated that “Occupational therapists aim to improve client factors and skills that will enable re-engagement or new engagement in valued activities. Valued activities can include work, and community integration, which is one of the instrumental activities of daily living. Typically developing youth and young adults have many life skills to learn to prepare them for post-secondary schooling, or independent living, such as money and health management, that are addressed by their families” ”however, youth with disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorder require additional help from therapist to learn such skills due to 1) altered abilities...
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...gestures and signs or through the use of pictures or other hand held means. This case study’s focus would be on Nathan, an 11 years old child that has Pervasive Developmental Disability-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Through out the whole process the researchers would observe if the use of PECS would have a significant effect on the child’s...
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...eyes, subtle dysmorphic facial features, and happy and excitable disposition which happens to be the most prominent of all these attributes. Numerous people throughout the years have grown the public knowledge of Angelman Syndrome in order to help cope and live with the disorder. Angelman diagnosed three children with AS, but did not quite understand how they got the disorder; however, in 1987 Magenis discovered the absence of chromosome 15q11-13 in two patients with AS. Subsequent studies...
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