...Hip-hop is a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music. Stylized rhythmic music is music where the rhythm is altered to suit the genre. The culture of hip-hop evolved in the 1970’s and was a movement consisting of streetwise ingenuity. There are four elements of hip-hop; these include rapping, disc jockey (DJ), break dancing and graffiti writing/art. More specifically, rap can incorporate synthesizers (an electronic musical instrument), drum machines and live bands. Some subgenres of rap include alternative, gangsta, political, East Coast, West Coast, crunk and hyphy. The hip-hop movement originated in the 1970’s in South Bronx, New York. African American teenagers living in the South Bronx and Harlem could not afford admission...
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...The African American community during the 1960’s continued to struggle with racial inequality. Martin Luther King Jr. attempted to get rid of racial discrimination by leading a series of peaceful protests. Police Commissioner Eugene Conner did not tolerate the protests and sent his men to stop them from protesting by using violence. This and the continuing of protests forced President Kennedy to put an end to the injustices towards African Americans by proposing a bill that desegregated public areas and provided them with more job opportunities. In 1963, the March on Washington took place, with approximately 250,000 people, including whites.*Martin Luther King Jr. made his famous “I Have a Dream” speech on that day, but segregation continued...
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...which continue to remain prevalent. The basis for modern policing lies in the principles outlined in the 1820's, during a period of high crime, rioting, and economic instability, by Britain's then-Home Secretary, Robert Peel, who would later serve as Prime Minister (Bloy, 2002). His commonly referred to, "nine principles," became the structure for London's organized police force, refining its function, practices, and ideals in language both adaptable and explicit, appealing to notions of police productivity and effectiveness, also, over time, becoming a model for the rights of the accused and resultant law enforcement regulations and policies. The current conception of community-based policing, with focus directed toward police-community relations, is suggested in Peel's second, third, and seventh principles, detailing the importance of "public approval," "willing cooperation of the public," and maintaining a unifying relationship with the public, in mutual responsibility for law and order (Kooi, 2011). Historically, failure to adhere to Peel's principles has inspired occasions of public backlash, in the form of riots, reminiscent of the social climate that precipitated America's first police reform. The adoption of London-style policing in America was necessitated by organizational inadequacies, exposed during a period of unrest, similar to that of Britain in the 1820's, that was marked by frequent...
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...none were more important as the evolution of police brutality and the civil rights movement. Who do you call when the police murder? A question probably asked by million of Americans in today's day and age. As time goes on it seems as if police brutality...
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...2. How did they attempt to gain their rights? There were many negative situations and actions towards the LGBTQ community especially in the 1960’s. Many people did not respect lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, and queers. In 1964, the first LGBTQ organization was formed in San Francisco which was called National Transsexual Counseling (NTC) and was later developed into the Society of Individual Rights (SIR) that opened up in 1966. The organization helped the LGBTQ community gain many rights. LGBTQ people attempted to gain their rights by riots against the police even til this day. Also they have started organizations, protests, and much more to aim for their rights. The gay pride parades gave people encouragement “to come out...
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...Analysis of Racial Profiling In the Criminal Justice System Police officers today face many challenges. Some concerns include dangers or safety concerns related to being a police officer, questions of the use of force and the public’s perception of officers being corrupt. Additionally, with cases of deaths and accusations that have come to the forefront about police throughout the United Stated, questions about police racial profiling have also come to light. Today’s police are considered to be corrupt and prejudice against minorities. Their image has been tarnished and police are now seen as the enemy. Many compare today’s law enforcement officers to the police officers that were prejudice and brutalized blacks during the civil rights movement. If police are to change the public’s perception of them so they can get back to the business of protecting and serving, they must address issues of racial profiling, police brutality and the criminal just system must partner with the community to reduce crime rates and recidivism rates among minorities. First, racial profiling is defined as “any police action initiated on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect; rather than on the behavior of the individual or on information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity (Ramirez, 2008, p.3). Originally, racial profiling was used to combat the issue of drugs and assist with...
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...The Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement was a series of political movements for equality before the laws peaked in the 1960’s. During the period of 1954-1965, many gains were made in the progress of desegregation. In 1954, the landmark case of Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas deemed that separate education facilities for the races were unconstitutional. Though the ruling was a significant victory in the movement, the process of overturning segregation was just beginning (Beacham, T. Gilmartin, B., Grobman, S, Ling, C., & Rhee, V. (Producers), Libretto, J. (Director), 2004). In 1964, the passing of The Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in employment practices and public accommodations. In 1965, The Voter Rights Act insured all citizens had the right to vote and eliminated discriminatory “tricks” often used in southern states to prevent African Americans from going to the polls (Bowles, 2011,Chapter 4:6). These momentous strides were not without the painful realities of violence and death for many who supported the movement. Though the movement centered on African Americans, other minorities wanted equality as well. Women, Mexican Americans, and American Indians sought out methods of equality during this time of change in the country. In the 1960’s the United Farm Workers of American (UFW), led by Cesar Chavez, started a strike and boycott of table grapes that gained nationwide support. Women, through voices like Gloria Steinem, called...
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...only did they get land; Mexicans who resided in those states also stayed, and most became U.S citizens. Since then, Mexicans, and their U.S born children have faced many problems such as, discrimination, inequality, and segregation. For many years Mexicans, and Mexican-Americans dealt with the inequality, until the 1960’s when they decided that there had to be an end to all the discrimination that Mexicans faced, and started what is now known as the Chicano Movement. The Chicano Movement had a huge impact on not only Chicanos, but also on the nation. A) During the 60’s there were several civil rights movements that took place, and according to Rodolfo F. Acuna “the bases of social movements were inequality, and a moral outrage at the lack of fairness in the system” (Acuna 287), and this is what the Chicano Movement was. In order to understand the Chicano Movement, it must be defined; in short, the Chicano Movement was part of the Civil Rights movement during the 60’s whose goal was to get better education, voting rights, equal wages, and restoration of land grants; as it had originally been agreed to in the Treaty of Hidalgo. The word “Chicano” used to be considered a bad word, a word used to describe the Mexican-Americans, whose parents were immigrants. It wasn’t until the 1960’s that the word “Chicano” became more politically correct (definition handout). The history of the Chicano Movement is very important, and is part of the reason why current generation Mexicans...
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...Policies Discriminatory?, Katel illustrates an example of racial discrimination by addressing “The $11,000 median net worth of black households is about 13 times less than the median white household net worth of $141,900” (Katel). Whites typically own greater assets and property values than blacks. This contributes to the decreased median net worth of black households and demonstrates how whites have better access to public accommodations. According to the article, “Housing and Urban Development Secretary George Romney views the country’s discriminatory housing patterns as a high-income white noose” (Katel). White privilege in America caters to the low income of blacks which ultimately leads to poverty and the lack of adequate housing. Police brutality is another form of discrimination that is highly prevalent throughout the nation. White policemen and women arrest more blacks than whites. John J. Macionis says “African Americans make up 13.2 percent of the population but account for 29.0 percent of arrests for property crimes (versus 68.2 percent of arrests for whites) and 38.7 percent of arrests for violent crimes (versus 58.4 percent for whites )” (Macionis 192). The cause of this is simply the status of blacks in society. Impoverished blacks that live among privileged and wealthy whites view the nation as unjust so they engage in criminal activity in order to retaliate. This leads to increased police brutality by police officers and other workers within criminal justice. In Racial...
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...Human Equality Kaleigh A. Butler ENGL-113-ND Willmore Kanyongo, PhD March 1, 2014 The analysis of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I have a dream” speech, alongside with Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg address”, reveals that both men had the same idea of human equality. What is the definition of human equality? This is a definition that was brought to the country’s attention by two great men of history. Nearly one hundred years separated two men that both had the same ideals of what human equality means in a free nation. They both came to the same ideal that was set by our founding fathers. All men were created equal and had the rights to liberty and justice, including the prosperity of the American Dream that so many fought for with demonstrations and the wars of our fathers. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln walked on the battlefield of Gettysburg and delivered the Gettysburg address. Compelled by the constitution and the Declaration of Independence, the ideals of the American nation were to be upheld to the highest regard for basic human life. The wars that were fought previously and the war that the President was going through in order to uphold the promises that the founding fathers promised all those living in the new nation. The civil war separated a single nation fighting one another based on the ideals that one man can own another man. This war lasted for 4 years in order to retain what both sides thought to be right. President Lincoln of the Union stated that we were...
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...Early Detroit Experiences of Blacks Blacks were brought into the Detroit area initially as slaves during the 1700’s, a fact that has been rarely discussed and mostly documented in scholarly articles and books (Boyd 17-22; Farley and Danziger 15; Katzman 5; Martelle 35-36; McGraw qtd. in Stone 13-22). As blacks began to migrate into the city from being the overwhelming dominant inhabitants of the south, racists attitudes were persistent, and reminiscent of the bigotry they experienced from their original homelands. Segregation, which was the law in the south, was openly and tacitly enforced in northern cities, including Detroit. Civil disturbances in the 1800’s are examples of the climate of racial distress in Detroit in its early days of existence...
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...Most state schools remain predominantly Protestant, while the majority of Catholic children attend schools maintained by the Catholic Church. Today, ninety percent of children in North Ireland still attend separate faith schools. Integrated schools have been established through the voluntary efforts of parents, but the churches have not been supportive. (add a footnote here) Employment in Northern Ireland has also remained segregated. A 1987 survey found that 80% of the workforces surveyed, consisted of a majority of one denomination. However, larger companies were less likely to be segregated, and segregation has decreased over the years. In the 1990’s the British government used the Fair Employment Commission to introduce regulations to prohibit discrimination in employment on religious grounds. Investigating allegations of discriminatory practices in Northern Ireland businesses, has had a positive impact on eliminating segregation in the workplace, making employment one of the least segregated areas of life in modern day North...
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...generation, young Americans wanted and demanded change. These changes affected education, values, laws, entertainment, and the way of life for several citizens around the country. As society, it is extremely important to understand that although the valiant efforts and impact that African American’s had, particularly in the 1950’s and 1960’s, in helping restructure American culture, many of the racist views of the past still play apart in American society. The 1950’s is often described as the calm before the storm of the 1960’s. During this time period, society was very much conformed to the views of conservative living. The desire for security during this era, reinforced by McCarthyism at home and the Korean War, created was known as the cold war culture. During the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under President Truman and Eisenhower. Because of extreme paranoia caused by Communism following WWII, conformity in the United States became an ideal way to distinguish American culture from the rest of the world. Conformity became evident through the medium of culture, society, and politics throughout the era of the 1950’s. The country was in such fear of Communism, that President Truman led the government in a revolt against any who claimed to be a Communist in the American government. Again, due to fear of being ostracized, Eisenhower, the proceeding president, was reluctant to confront McCarythism. The...
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...#1- In the early 1960’s, during the beginning of the Civil Rights movement, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) emerged as a lead organization of the movement. During this time period, America was plagued with segregation among Whites and African Americans. Historical events like the Plessy v. Ferguson decision or the establishment of Jim Crow laws infused segregation. SNCC recognized this segregation, but they ultimately formed together to combat racial discrimination. Eradicating this discrimination was there primary goal, however they blamed institutional segregation executed by law as the main origin of the issue. To achieve their goal, SNCC went about it in a double sided approach. First, there goal was to alter laws...
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...movement during the 1960s due to the eruption of new leaders, sympathetic presidents, radical groups, and a rejuvenation of history and heritage. From the “separate but equal” laws of Plessy v. Ferguson and the Jim Crow Laws of the late 1800’s, the new goals of Martin Luther King Jr. would strive to change African American civil rights through non violence and revealing oppression, while other groups would emphasize the embracement of black culture, both still against the oppression in the United States. Strategies were born from MLK’s ideals, about demonstrating to the American people the horror of oppression, while the Black Power movement...
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