...Functions of Music Music therapy Music therapy is a treatment method that involves using music to enhance health. There are many different approaches to music therapy, including creating music, listening to music, and talking about music. Although music therapy is often used to promote mental and emotional health, it may also help improve quality of life for people coping with physical health conditions. . In the 17th century, the scholar Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy noted that music has an "excellent power ...to expel many other diseases" and he called it "a sovereign remedy against despair and melancholy." What Does Music Therapy Involve? A music therapy session may incorporate a number of different elements, such as making music, writing songs, or passively listening to music. While music therapists often aim to foster the patient's emotional expression, there can be many other different goals in a music therapy session. These goals include relief of stress or anxiety, improvement of mood, and enhancement of quality of life for people dealing with illness. Research shows that patients do not need to have any musical ability to benefit from music therapy. Benefits of Music Therapy Here's a look at some key study findings on the health effects of music therapy: 1) Music Therapy and Depression Music therapy may help some patients fight depression, according to a review published in 2008. Researchers sized up data from five previously published...
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...The Role of Music in Learning PREFACE This term paper explains the relevance and role of music in learning. It also shows the benefits of listening to soft music in stimulating our mind to do certain tasks. It also discusses the study and research of some people about the goodness of music to body. I hope you will enjoy reading my term paper. - Author – ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the Almighty God for guiding and giving me the knowledge to create this Term Paper. And also thank my loving family for their support, specially my mom for giving me some sort of ideas and pushed me to do so. My friends and classmates for sharing their knowledge about my topic. And the last but not the least to my very loving and patient my Communication Skills instructor Mr. Ariel Y. Leonin who did his best in teaching us. - Author - TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................... ii I. Introduction....................................... 1 • Advantage and Disadvantage of Music in Learning................................ 1&2 II. Body.............................................. 3 • Role of Music in Learning........................ 3-7 • Effects of Music in Mind and Body................ 8&9 • Which Music is Best for...
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...Evolution of Music in Film and its Psychological Impact on Audiences By Stuart Fischoff, Ph.D. “I feel that music on the screen can seek out and intensify the inner thoughts of the characters. It can invest a scene with terror, grandeur, gaiety, or misery. It can propel narrative swiftly forward, or slow it down. It often lifts mere dialogue into the realm of poetry. Finally, it is the communicating link between the screen and the audience, reaching out and enveloping all into one single experience.” Film composer Bernard Herrmann. Why Is There Music in Film? The general feeling about film is that it is singularly a visual experience. It is not. While we certainly experience film through our eyes, we just as surely experience it through our ears. Especially today, particularly with modern home and theater sound systems offering multi-channel sound and high fidelity. Films are generally fantasies. And fantasies by definition defy logic and reality. They conspire with the imagination. Music works upon the unconscious mind. Consequently, music works well with film because it is an ally of illusion. Music plays upon our emotions. It is generally a non-intellectual communication. The listener does not need to know what the music means, only how it makes him feel. Listeners, then, find the musical experience in film one that is less knowing and more feeling. The onscreen action, of course, provides clues and cues as to how the accompanying music does or is supposed...
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...Music and Its Effect on the Learning Experience of Children from Early Childhood To Adulthood Abstract Research proves that music has a major impact on the brain of individuals of all ages. This work focuses on how the use of music, melody, and song can play a positive role in the learning experiences of children throughout all grade levels if implement by teachers and instructors. With the assistance of three children, one from each age group (early childhood, middle to late childhood, and adolescence) it is proven that music does have an effect on the learning experience. It is also proven that ideas can be drawn from the developmental theories of Jean Piaget, Lev Vgotsky, and Sigmund Freud to correlate with the responses of the three children about how music effects their learning. Introduction If you were told that two groups of students in a case study were found to improve at significantly different rates in learning subjects such as reading and math in an elementary school what would you think was the independent variable used in the case study? Would you suspect that the independent variable was a difference curriculum? Maybe you would suggest that it could have been a difference in teachers? Or perhaps the groups were in different schools, private or public, urban or suburban. But how likely would you think it that the significant difference in progress could be attributed...
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...The fact that the music of films often has powerful effects on its audience is undisputed. Careful examination of the reasons behind these effects, however, has been largely ignored. We tend to compare previously unassociated dramatic pieces we hear to film music - but what piece cannot be compared to film music nowadays? Every pre-composed piece or spontaneous melodic fragment is potential fodder for a cinematic soundtrack. The real questions lie in how and why people have been compelled to combine drama with music throughout history. This essay attempts to clarify some of music's manifold roles in cinema and the reasons behind them by using as an example composer Bernard Herrmann's Citizen Kane soundtrack. In order to address these issues, a brief overview of the history of music in cinema is required. The root of music in film harks back to the Greek melodrams (the precursor in both literal language and event to the melodramas of today), a cross between a play and fledgling opera in which spoken word is accompanied by music.[1] As time passed, melodrams developed into opera, giving rise to types of performances known as number opera (those composed of a collection of closed pieces) and continuous opera (those including nonstop music), divisions that film soundtracks would later echo. Wagner's full-fledged support of program music at this time, as opposed to the absolute music that had previously reigned supreme, resulted in his novel invention of leitmotifs (first used...
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...Music Therapy: The New Approach for Psychiatric Patient Introduction Music therapy is the use of music interventions to achieve individualized goals of healing the body, mind, and spirit. It involves skilled music therapists, who act as mediators to interact with patients, assesses their physical, emotional, and mental needs, and offer them with the necessary healing through music. Music therapy integrates various musical elements and certain therapeutic protocols to achieve certain objectives (Bruscia, 2000). Many people obtain some kind of healing whenever they have emotional, cognitive, or social issues through music. People living with disabilities or certain illnesses have often found music to offer a soothing environment that facilitates the healing process. Music uses creative, emotional and a non-verbal language to enable users to gain self-awareness and self-expression. In many cases, people have found music to be more powerful than plain words, as it offers a unique channel of communication and expression. Essentially, people suffering from autism and Alzheimer’s disease, and those having developmental disabilities can always become beneficiaries of music therapy. This paper will give a brief history of music therapy, and its role as an alternative treatment for autism and Alzheimer’s disease. Thereafter, the paper will give a brief discussion on the politic of making music therapy a real treatment. History of music therapy Music therapy traces...
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...Music is unique to human beings. We are the only species on earth capable of making and comprehending music. It has existed since the early stages of human life; it is believed that music was developed before language and speech. It has the power to change our moods and behavior, as well as affect the way we go about the things we are simultaneously doing. Music is constantly changing and evolving, and many times it shapes our current culture. There is argument over whether the music nowadays has a negative effect on America’s youth. Hip-hop takes the blame for many social problems in America, however many people overlook the influence it has and are unwilling to learn what it is about. Music, and more specifically hip-hop, has a positive influence on people and our culture in several different ways, including the way it affects the human brain, and the way it shapes and changes our culture and society as a whole. Music has an effect over people on a neurological level, which goes unnoticed by many. Music makes the human brain operate and can be beneficial at very early stages of brain development. Music helps immensely in learning and memorization; babies can even speed up their auditory comprehension due to musical exposure. Adults speak slowly to babies, annunciate syllables, and emphasize the pitch of their voice according to whether they are saying a demand or a question. For example the pitch of your voice goes up when asking a question and goes down or stays even throughout...
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...Music Society and its Impact Music and society have always been intimately related. Music reflects and creates social conditions – including the factors that either help or delay social change. The development of recording techniques in the last half of the 20th century has developed the amount to which most people have access to music. All kinds of music are available to most people, 24 hours a day, at the touch of a switch. The down side of this easy availability of music in the Western world is that there is a tendency for it to be taken for granted. Music is a very powerful medium and in some societies there have been attempts to control its use. It is powerful at the level of the social group because it facilitates communication which goes beyond words, enables meanings to be shared, and promotes the development and maintenance of individual, group, cultural and national identities. It is powerful at the individual level because it can induce multiple responses – physiological, movement, mood, emotional, cognitive and behavioral. Few other stimuli have effects on such a wide range of human functions. The brain’s multiple processing of music can make it difficult to predict the particular effects of any piece of music on any individual. The power of music to act intensely has long been recognized. Therapy can involve listening to or actively making music. Increasingly it may involve both. Music can be effective in coincidence with other interferences in promoting...
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...Advertisement in connection to laws of mental processes. The effect of advertising on the individual and society has been influenced and promoted by many different psychological aspects. There are many ways to sell products, but psychological knowledge of mental laws is crucial in succeeding with advertising. Accordingly, behavioral insights based on psychology are used to attract attention. In addition, mental persuasion is necessary to succeed in advertising in today’s society. The advertisement industry uses psychological knowledge of mental laws and aspects, such as attention, sub-consciousness, and automatic reactions of the mind. To begin, advertising companies by knowing the process of human attention, achieve great result in persuading people to purchase their products. Attention, by definition, is often referred as the focus of consciousness. Attention makes the process attended to more clear and distinct in consciousness. Therefore, when people are focused properly, the advertised objects appear to be more clear, distinct, and sharp-cut. In the same way, things of which we are merely conscious tend to be less indistinct, whereas objects we are attending to, are well-defined. For example, the information we receive through commercial, is based on enhanced look of the product, and that product is given to us in unique and distinctive way, so it catches our attention. Commercial industry is very well aware of the mechanic, which rules the process of human attention, and...
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...more detail. Email ftsales.support@ft.com to buy additional rights. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8733b030-de30-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0.html#ixzz1nQtJndIR During 2010, the privately held company saw sales in Brazil grow by 32 per cent, while Turkish and Japanese consumers increased their intake by more than 80 per cent. Overall, the group posted sales last year of €3.78bn ($5.17bn), compared with €3.26bn a year earlier. In spite of its size, however, the group is still steeped in the sort of folklore and philosophical quackery that most large multinationals eschew in favour of efficiency of production. In one example of the group’s unusual approach to mass production, the caps on its bottled mineral water can be sealed only on nights when the moon is full in the sky. This is the kind of behaviour that could infuriate shareholders of a publicly listed company. Mr Mateschitz is unambiguous about the likelihood of Red Bull appearing on the stock market in the future, however. “Never. Thanks to our financial philosophy, we are not and never have been in need of additional capital, nor does anybody want to cash in. If we were to go public, the company would lose all of its benefits and in turn we would be left with numerous disadvantages,” he says. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8733b030-de30-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1nQrxHXt1 Some observers say that Red Bull's branding is revolutionary, calling it an 'anti-brand' strategy. The company faced additional problems in Pakistan where...
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...from the real world. Human beings probably danced even before there was a word for it. Rhythmic bodily movement is instinctive. It connects people, even if subconscious, to the rhythms of nature. Tori Ashdown describes how modern dance saved her life, she expresses “ How it something about the swift feeling under the ball of your foot as you pirouette, the air rushing beneath you as you leap, your body melting out emotion with each release and...
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...The short-term memory/long-term memory distinction If there is a difference between short- and long-term memory stores, there are two possible ways in which these stores may differ: in duration, and in capacity. A duration difference means that items in short-term storage decay from this sort of storage as a function of time. A capacity difference means that there is a limit in how many items short-term storage can hold. If there is only a limit in capacity, a number of items smaller than the capacity limit could remain in short-term storage until they are replaced by other items. Both types of limit are controversial. Therefore, in order to assess the usefulness of the short-term storage concept, duration and capacity limits will be assessed in turn. Short-term memory is used to remember a number looked up in a telephone book. Students who cram for a test retain the information in their short-term memory. Important life moments, such as the birth of a child, are stored in a person's long-term memory. Looking through old photos will likely trigger long-term memories. Bottom of Form Short-term and long-term memory, while closely related, have many differences. Long-term memory is used to store information, memories, skill sets and procedural knowledge that can be readily retrieved when needed, both voluntarily and involuntarily. Short-term memory is designed to retain information for a brief period of time, after which it is then either forgotten or stored permanently...
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...micro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Firms are able to apply their core competencies, business model or network to achieve a profit above the industry average. The five forces of porter’s five forces model are as follows: 1. The threat of the entry of new competitors 2. The threat of substitute products or services 3. The bargaining power of customers (buyers) 4. The bargaining power of suppliers 5. The intensity of competitive rivalry 1. The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms. This results in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. The new entrants face barriers to entry. They need to overcome them to compete successfully. Some of the barriers are capital requirement, customer loyalty, experience, etc. Specialized technology, production and distribution require high capital costs which acts as one of the barrier. The high customer’s loyalty and experience of the established firms also acts as the barriers. Established firms have advantages over the cost or loyalty which makes entry of the new firms difficult. 2. The threat of substitute products or services Substitute products are competitive...
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...Literature University of Balochistan, Quetta Abstract Wordsworth was of the view that ‘Poetry is spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. When reading this statement, one might think that, for Wordsworth, poetic composition is solely based on the expression of emotions, excluding any reflection about them. But Wordsworth gave equal importance to the element of thought in poetry and says that poems to which any value is attached were never produced on any variety of subjects but by a man who being possessed of more than usual organic sensibility, has also thought long and deep. Wordsworth believes that artistic process is combination of thought and emotion. This research article will study Wordsworth’s concept of poetic creation Wordsworth believes that artistic process is combination of thought and emotion . During the poetic process, the poet is possessed by powerful passions but he undergoes a period of emotions reflected in tranquility. During this process the influxes of feelings are modified and directed by thoughts. The direction of thought adds a depth of meaning and truth to poetry. For Wordsworth poetry is a method of interpreting the reality or the meaning of life. Introduction Generally the critics criticize the Romantics for being too emotional. They quote Wordsworth’s famous statement, ‘Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ (Wordsworth,1989:57)1 as evidence but overlook Wordsworth’s entire concept of creative process of which emotions...
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...l l l l l l l l l ~l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 0 1135 0297253 3 Emerson College library Richard lvey School of Business The University of Western Ontario 907A11 HOW ADVERTISING WORKS Peter Voyer wrote this note solely to provide material for class discussion. The author does not intend to provide legal, tax, accounting or other professional advice. Such advice should be obtained from a qualified professional. lvey Management SeNices prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact lvey Publishing, lvey Management SeNices, clo Richard lvey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2007, lvey Management Services Version: (A) 2007-08-08 In order to design and implement effective marketing communications, managers must develop a solid understanding of consumer behavior in general, and consumers' interpretation of and response to advertising in particular. Consequently, this note presents a useful perspective on understanding how advertising works from a consumer point of view. The note takes the perspective of the elaborationlikelihood model (ELM) developed by Petty and Cacioppo. 1 Understanding how advertising...
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