...solar cell. This will be accomplished by detailing three similarities, and three differences between the two. The first of the similarities being the absorption of solar energy, the second being the transformation of solar energy into a different more useable form of energy, and finally the third being that they both use organic colorants to attract the sun’s rays. The three differences being that one produces chemical energy and the other electrical energy. The second difference is that one occurs naturally and the other is manmade, and the third difference is that one is cost effective and the other are expensive to produce. This paper will also describe how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each of the systems, giving the reader even further insight on the topic at hand. THE COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOLAR CELLS 3 The Comparison of Photosynthesis and Solar Cells Photosynthesis is the process in green plants and other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Semi-conductor based solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are a man made device that converts the energy of the sun into electric energy. Both of these systems absorb, and transform the suns energy into a more usable form. Photosynthesis does this when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called photosynthetic reaction centers that contain chlorophylls...
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...There are three laws to thermodynamics. These laws affect our everyday life and you probably aren’t even aware. The first law is my favorite and most intriguing law. That’s because it keeps you tracing back energy to the beginning of time. I’ll explain briefly the first two laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be destroyed nor created. It can only be transferred or converted. An example of how it’s applied to human life would be electricity. The computer im using to write this or you to read this is run by energy. The computer itself isn’t made of energy. The energy or electricity was transferred from somewhere else. The first law of thermodynamics basically explains that this energy had to come from somewhere. We all know that our computer is powered by electricity. The question where did it come from. If you aren’t already aware it came from a power plant. Let’s say it was a hydroelectric plant. A hydro plant is confined in a dam which blocks a river. Rivers contain kinetic energy which means its flowing. What the dam is doing is “converting” that energy into potential energy by blocking it. Things in motion stay in motion and the river wants to flow but the dam is storing the potential energy. That energy in the long run is transferred to your computer by a bunch of machines using the stored and released energy. The second law of thermodynamics states that not all energy can be used. One thing to remember is energy is slowly...
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...Relationship among Force, Power, Work and Energy Force, work, energy and power are words used frequently in our everyday lives. What exactly do they mean? To put it simply, force is that which causes an object to move, while work is done when that force causes movement. Energy is the inherent ability of any object to do work, while power is the rate at which that work is done. Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is stored in an object due to virtue of its motion. Potential energy and kinetic energy are the two types of mechanical energy, and the law of conservation of mechanical energy is associated with the conservation of these two energies in a system. Mechanical energy is basically a combination of potential and kinetic energy. Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy According to the law of conservation of mechanical energy, in an isolated system, that is, in the absence of non-conservative forces like friction, the initial total energy of the system equals to the total energy of the system. Simply stated, the total mechanical energy of a system is always constant (in case of absence of non-conservative forces). For instance, if a ball is rolled down a frictionless roller coaster, the initial and final energies remain constant. Conservative forces are those that don't depend on the path taken by an object. For example, gravity, spring and electrical forces are examples of mechanical energy. Conservation of Mechanical Energy Equation The...
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...1. Metabolism 2. Thermodynamics 3. Endergonic 4. Exergonic 5. Aerobic respiration 6. Substrate level phosphorylation 7. Glycolysis 8. Krebs cycle 9. Electron transport 10. Glycolysis 11. Pyruvate 12. Oxidative phosphorylation 13. Proteins and fate 14. Glucose 15. Hexose bisphosphate 16. 2 triose phosphate 17. 2 pyruvate molecules 18. Oxaloacetate 19. Decarbonisation 20. Decarboxylation 21. Aerobic 22. Anaerobic WHEEL OF BIO 1. Metabolism: what is metabolism? What is the step by step sequence called? the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the cell. Metabolic pathway. 2. Thermodynamics: what is thermodynamics? Explain both laws in a few sentences. The science that studies the transfer and transformation of thermal energy....
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...SCI 115 Dr. Barbosa Assignment # 1 Paper due Week 4 By Susan B. 10/26/12 Photosynthesis is an amazing process that transpires inherently and is one that is required for all living organisms to sustain existence on this planet. The efficiency of this process has sparked inventions, such as the semiconductor-based solar cell, that would allow humans to produce energy in a way that is very similar to that of a plant’s photosynthetic process. In this paper, I will compare and contrast the photosynthetic process with that of semiconductor-based solar cells in their capacities to generate energy while also explaining the application of thermodynamics to each process. In order to discuss the photosynthesis and the semiconductor-based solar cell, it is crucial to understand what is involved in each process and how they could be different or the same. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things. The solar cell connects solar energy to convert it into electricity, which is required by all humans. This process can be understood as solar electricity, which is created by using Photovoltaic technology, which is converting solar energy into solar electricity from sunlight. This system is providing sunlight to everyday use constituents such as computers, lighting and electrical equipment. The foremost contrast between photosynthesis...
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...work. (i.e., structured and disciplined way to study things) Deliberate way of asking questions about things we don’t yet understand. Start with observation – Sensing the world around us with our 5 senses or with augmented abilities such as scientific instruments; – seeing a particular event or occurrence; Scientists then make proposed, tentative explanations < - - i.e., hypothesis (a predictive guess) and plan out detailed experiments or detailed observations to see if the tentative explanation is correct (i.e., true). Test that tentative explanation [pic] Make some observations of the image above. Ideas: -What motivates this behavior? -Is the bird feeding? -Does the bird choose this flower because of its color? -Does the flower benefit from the bird’s behavior? Observations made and the questions they raise allow us to propose tentative explanations, or hypotheses. By making these observations, you can propose tentative explanations (hypotheses). A good hypothesis makes predictions about observations not yet made or experiments not yet run, i.e., Testable Predictions. Once a hypothesis has been supported by experiments and observations, it can become a theory. Note that, in general conversation, the term theory is often synonymous with...
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...circuits or storage units like batteries (Anderson, 2012). Both are similar in their initial design of creating energy out of sunlight, and both do not directly give off any harmful byproducts. Although it has been argued that the manufacture of PV cells and subsequent solar panels is hardly achieved through environmentally-friendly means (and certainly not with green parts), the benefits of the clean and sustainable energy produced far outweighs this temporary blemish in the overall process (Anderson, 2012). On a final note to the similarities between these two systems, both have an enormous constant source of energy (sunlight) that is transferred into usable energy for either the plants or humans utilizing it. Since the first law of thermodynamics clearly states that energy cannot actually be created or destroyed (Farabee, 2001), both systems have to convert light energy into otherwise usable energy, and the way in which they do...
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...talking about are the cardiovascular and respiratory system. There are many different phrases and words used when describing and explaining how the body systems are linked to energy metabolism. The meaning of metabolism is the chemical process or reaction that takes place within a living organism in order to maintain life. Some of the chemical reactions require breaking down molecules while at the same time releasing energy- this is the definition of the catabolic reactions. Instead of breaking down molecules the process of anabolism is to build intricate molecules from simple substances by using energy which again acts as a catalyst. There are many different activities involved in supplying energy to the variety of cells in the body. The first system that I will be talking about is the respiratory system. The main job that constantly takes place is the system refreshing the lung oxygen and the disposal of waste substances and products, this often includes water and carbon dioxide. The removal of these waste products and the refreshing of the lungs happen during the process of what we call breathing. The oxygen that has been dissolved is transported to cells around the body; the transportation method is through the slim alveolar walls and into the flow of the bloodstream. The flow is kept in a constant motion from the pumping of the human heart. The cells in the body are constantly welcomed by raw materials and substances that are sent from chemical reactions that have produced...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...theories on the origin of the universe have a great impact on the way humans view how the universe was created. The most known is the Big Bang theory and smaller theories include the String theory, the Incredible Bulk theory, the Times Arrow theory and the Steady State theory. (Tate) The universe is almost 14 billion years old. There are two common ways scientists use to calculate how old the universe is. The first method involves measuring the speeds and distances of the galaxies. Scientists interpret that the galaxies were closer together before in the past because all of them are slowly moving further from each other every second. Identifying the current speeds and distances of the galaxies, included with the rate at which the universe is accelerating, permits scientists to calculate how long it took...
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...the outer edge, the description changes when the effects of quantum mechanics are taken into account. [pic]Name The term black hole to describe this phenomenon dates from the mid-1960s, though its precise origins are unclear. According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, as mass is added to a degenerate star a sudden collapse will take place and the intense gravitational field of the star will close in on itself. Such a star then forms a "black hole" in the universe. Popular accounts commonly try to explain the black hole phenomenon by using the concept of escape velocity, the speed needed for a vessel starting at the surface of a massive object to completely clear the object's gravitational field. It follows from Newton's law of gravity that...
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...CRST 290 ALL TESTS Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/crst-290-all-tests/ • Question 1 4 out of 4 points Apologetics is a branch of theology that provides a rational defense of Christianity. • Question 2 4 out of 4 points The creation model predicts that organisms will remain essentially the same to the present or go extinct. • Question 3 4 out of 4 points Evolutionary theories are scientific and not subject to change • Question 4 4 out of 4 points A set of related hypotheses that are bound together to describe a phenomenon is called a law • Question 5 4 out of 4 points Germany only embraced Darwinian evolution after Hitler and the Nazi's came to power. • Question 6 4 out of 4 points Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood was a promoter of eugenics. • Question 7 4 out of 4 points Hermeneutics is the branch of theology that deals with the defense of doctrine and defense of the Christian faith. • Question 8 4 out of 4 points The scientific method has proven that evolution is an unguided process. • Question 9 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is a good hypothesis to use with the scientific method? • Question 10 4 out of 4 points The best current Creation Model looks like • Question 11 0 out of 4 points Which of the following is a reason(s) why evolution and creation are beyond the scope of empirical science...
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...Team C will discover the different aspect of the rainforest; also, how it functions within itself. Rainforest Climate The rainforest climate is humid, and has rain most of the time. Michael, (2001),"The sun warms the land and sea and the water evaporates into the air. The warm air can hold a lot of water vapor. As the air rises, it cools. That means it can hold less water vapor” (para. 1). When the warm meets, the cold vapor happens, clouds produced, and clouds make rain. Adapting to the climate the plants make up the underlining of the rainforest. Moreover, the rainforest is hot because of where it is to the equator. In addition, its plant life will die out if the temperature changes. First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics flows The first law of thermodynamic state that energy cannot be destroys, it can only move from one form to the next, and it can be transfer. A number of essential cycles take place in the rainforest ecosystems, which is designed to help ensure the continuance flow of energy and nutrients throughout this ecosystem. The main...
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...from a closed system (a fixed mass) in two distinct forms: heat and work. For control volumes, energy can also be transferred by mass flow. An energy transfer to or from a closed system is heat if it is caused by a temperature difference. Otherwise it is work, and it is caused by a force acting through a distance. We start this chapter with a discussion of various forms of energy and energy transfer by heat. We then introduce various forms of work and discuss energy transfer by work. We continue with developing a general intuitive expression for the first law of thermodynamics, also known as the conservation of energy principle, which is one of the most fundamental principles in nature, and we then demonstrate its use. Finally, we discuss the efficiencies of some familiar energy conversion processes, and examine the impact on energy conversion on the environment. Detailed treatments of the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems and control volumes are given in Chaps. 4 and 5, respectively. Objectives The objectives of Chapter 2 are to: • Introduce the concept of energy and define its various forms. • Define the nature of internal energy. • Define the concept of heat and the terminology associated with energy transfer by heat. • Discuss the three...
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...BIO TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE CHAP. 5 BIOLUMINESCENCE - Light produced from chemical reactions that change chemical energy to light energy, used by invertebrates and fishes to protect themselves from predators. MEMBRANES – phospholipid bilayer, contains embedded and attached proteins, a fluid mosaic model (phospholipids are in constant lateral motion, but rarely flip to the other side of the layer) PHOSPHOLIPIDS – many made from unsaturated fatty acids with kinks in the tail (kinks prevent liquid from packing tightly, keeps them in liquid form) No unsaturated fatty acids = lower permeability i.e. safflower oil With unsaturated fatty acids = higher permeability i.e. butter CHOLESTEROL – found in animal cell membranes, stabilizes membranes at warm temps and keeps membranes fluid at lower temp MEMBRANE PROTEINS – function 1) help maintain cell shape and coordinate changes inside and outside cell via attachments to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix 2) receptors for chemical messengers from other cells 3) function as enzymes 4) Glycoproteins involved in cell-to-cell recognition 5) may participate in intercellular junctions that attach adjacent cells to each other SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY – small nonpolar molecules move across quickly while charged or polar molecules cross slowly or not at all DIFFUSION – tendency of particles to spread out evenly in a space, particles move from an area high particle concentration to low particle concentration (diffusing down...
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