...Sufism ideology helped spread Islam in South Asia because it is an amalgamation of the spiritual and mysticism of Islam that was appealing to Indians whose native religion focused on both of those aspects. Sufism is a spiritual tradition which originated within Islam, its development paralleled that of Islam but it focused more on the spirtual development of the individual and G-d. Sufism was influenced by cultures of peoples and itself influenced the culture, a fusion of traditions and religion came to define how Sufism created grassroots of Islam in northern India. Sufism paved the way for Islam in northern India because it acted as the intimidate stage by converting non-believers toward the path of Islam that allowed for future Islamic missionaries to convert faster. The fundamental tenets that make up Sufism deal with a spiritual focus of Islam rather than the dictated and systematic understanding of religion. Sufism developed a form of Islam that historinan Jonathan Berkey claims was “…graft[ed] onto ascetic traditions with a mystical dimension… that lead to a distinctly mystical approach to religious understanding.” (Berkey, 2003: p.156). This merging of mysticism, defined as “the spiritual apprehension of knowledge inaccessible to the intellect, attained through contemplation and self-surrender…”, produced a form Islam that connected an individual not with the material world but the spiritual world. This connection between an individual and G-d, seems intoxicating to...
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...History 200 14 December 2010 1 Mysticism and Diabolic Witchcraft: Female Susceptibility of the Italian Renaissance During the Italian Renaissance, Christianity experienced a heavy resurgence in mysticism. Mysticism was a type of devout faith or spirituality found throughout the convents in Italy and primarily exercised by Christian Italian women (Sheldrake 93-95). These women underwent vivid connections with God which involved an awakening of consciousness and awareness for God’s divine will. In extreme cases, women fell into a transcendental union with God in which they experienced ultimate illumination. In these rare occurrences, women could encounter faith miracles such as stigmatas, ecstasies, or the re-living of Christ’s Passion. During this period, Italy also experienced another intense spiritual movement labeled diabolic witchcraft (Tavuzzi 150). In the case of diabolic witchcraft, again experienced primarily by females, women underwent a concentrated level of worship and contractual relations with Satan. Historical examples show these women developing sexual relations with Satan, as well as maleficia or harmful magic (Tavuzzi 153). The women involved in diabolic witchcraft were pursued by the Church’s legal arm, the Dominican Inquisitors. They were put on trial, accused of heresy, and either imprisoned or killed. Similarly, the Dominican Inquisitors investigated women who were involved in mysticism and upon the examinations performed by the inquisitors;...
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...Mysticism means many things to many minds and is undeniably a term that is used in varying contexts with different shades of meanings. Many have used this term to designate a special mark of spiritual disposition, and others have employed it to mark off a higher and final development of life itself. Anyone who reflects God or the Holy Spirit as the vital, determining norm or principle of his or her life could validly be called “Mystical.” Mysticism means, the attainment of higher levels of being in which this knowledge is fully realized in conformity with man’s destiny on earth. Mysticism is a living tradition that continues to occupy a central place in philosophy of the Muslim world. Sufi orders continue to flourish openly in worldwide and its mystical presence is apparent even on the more external plane. In the contemporary world which is full of materialism, Islamic mysticism is...
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...that the life of Keene was very influential on the paintings that were produced, namely due to many prominent events in history. Rumford possessed a connection to the family, as he was the man who convinced Keene to put his work on display. This personal connection led to an insightful discussion that was far more in depth than if one was to search information online. Personal stories were inundated with the history of the time period in which Keene lived. The background of the...
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...Early Civilization IV: Civilizations At War (Simulation for MS 3313: US Military History) Early Civilization III is a Turn based simulation designed to teach team building and coordinating skills. This is a revamping and expansion of the original Early Civilization rules. I. Set Up The group is divided into Teams of between 6 and 8 players each. The Instructor graphically displays the six (6) beginning cities of each team by the name of each team, along with each team's Treasury and Granary. The Instructor also designates which player in each team is the Team Leader. The Team Leader's decision is final. II. The Turn 1. The Turn Sheet Students are encouraged to accomplish most of the coordination with their teammates outside of class. Then the Team Leader turns in the Turn Sheet within the first ten minutes of class. This Turn Sheet shows the Team name, lists the Team Members, and was written to be quite self-explanatory. There will usually be one Turn per week. Each Team starts the game with 6 Cities. Each City produces 1 Food and 1 Gold per Turn, and can support 1 Unit. Now Divide the Units between Offense and Defense. You may assign 6 Units to Defense and 0 to Offense, or 0 to Defense and 6 to Offense, and anything in between. It is through the Turn Sheet that you learn the result of any Disasters or attacks upon you from other Teams (Civilizations). You also use the Sheet to plan your attacks against other Civilizations (if any) and to...
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...The eighteenth century is best known for the being the birth of the enlightenment movement. Deemed the age of reason due to the scientific revolution that occurred, a shift from the mystic to scientific fact occurred. Despite this shift in beliefs, mysticism was still present due to the methods that were used to spread scientific discovery also allowed for the spread of mystic ideologies. According to Sir Micheal Drummett, a British philosopher, mystics objects such a Tarot cards, thrived during the eighteenth century into the early nineteenth century. Tarot cards were able to be incredibly popular during this time because of the social climate of the long eighteenth century. In order to understand why Tarot was popular during the long eighteenth century, one must look a...
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...also among common man and youth. This article is an attempt to throw light on the various dimensions of Kabir Das’s literature and how it is still effectively communicated and in turn is used for effective communication. This paper contemplates on the varied aspects of kabir’s literature. Kabir’s literature is known for elements of mysticism, spirituality, concept of love, his objectivity in imparting moral education, his attack on vices of human behavior, hypocrisy and materialistic attitude. All these aspects are dominantly reflected in his literary works and are still relevant in today’s social scenarios which are well communicated in the form of his well remembered ‘Dohas’ and poetry. Hence, it is concluded that Kabir’s literature, in spite of being so old and classical is timeless and well applicable and connected with today’s era. His ‘Dohas’ makes an integral part of our day to day communication. Hence, it can be said that, Kabir Das has communicated with the society and is still communicating and will continue to do so through his literature which will never loose its relevance in any of the ages Keywords: Kabir’s literature, mysticism, objectivity, value education, attack on vices of society, communicator, timeless....
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...and philosophy, and a deep understanding of Judaic studies including kabbalah. It is this unique position that allowed him to write books that bridged the gaps between Torah and philosophy and between mysticism and science. It was not until he reached old age did he begin to author books. He published his first book, the Gur Aryeh at the age of 66. The Gur Aryeh is a commentary on Rashi that switches off between explaining basic p’shat and offering deep and mystical explanations of Rashi. Contained within the pages of this masterful work is the a perfect example of what made the Maharl’s work so impactful. He combines scientific proofs, mathematical computations and midrash to analyze Rashi. He perfectly merges his secular knowledge with his Jewish knowledge to offer the most accurate and comprehensive explanation of Rashi. It was books like the Gur Aryeh that would help bring European Jewry out of the dark ages. A major way the Maharal was able to help the Jews of Prague was by gaining respect from non-jewish scholars for his vast knowledge of secular studies such as science and philosophy. Among his friends were the famous astronomers Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe. They introduced him to the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Rudolph II. Rudolph was intrigued by Jewish mysticism and Kabbalah. Legend has it that the Maharal would often visit Rudolph at night to discuss these subjects. They developed a close relationship, and the Maharal would use this connection to help ensure...
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...From early childhood, spirituality and mysticism play a vital role in the lives of the del Valle sisters, Clara and Rosa. From a very young age, Clara can tap into the spiritual world. She can read dreams and the future, and can even move objects with her mind. Although Rosa is not particularly spiritually inclined, she is born with the exquisite looks of a mermaid. The fact that she is born this way suggests that an otherworldly nature is ingrained in Rosa and therefore in the rest of her family. Even though the Trueba household is known as "the big house on the corner," we know from the title of the novel that it is really "The House of the Spirits." Spiritual creatures dominate the household despite Esteban Trueba's relentless materialism, and even seep into his own life after Clara's death, when visions of her comfort him. During her lifetime, Clara's disregard of the material world in favor of the spiritual world maddens Esteban. Even though Esteban thinks spirits to be a phony business, a part of him is jealous of Clara's connection to them: "He wanted far more than her body; he wanted control over that undefined and luminous material that lay within her and that escaped him even in those moments when she appeared to be dying of pleasure." Esteban realizes that Clara's spiritual connections are completely separate from him, meaning that he cannot control or be a part of them. He does, however, tolerate them. It is during Clara's heyday that "the big house on the corner"...
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...and the definition of matter as the various ratios of these elements foreshadowed later developments in atomic theory by philosophers such as Democritus of Abdera (c. 460–c. 370 B.C.). Empedocles was born in Acragas, Sicily. His father, Meto, was wealthy, and his grandfather, also named Empedocles, was renowned for winning a horse race in the Olympia. Empedocles is believed to have travelled to Thourioi shortly after it was established approximately 444 B.C. Empedocles's keen intellect enabled him to combine talents in philosophy, natural history, poetry, and politics, and to achieve superstar status in his day. According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), Empedocles was the inventor of rhetoric, a talent Empedocles often utilized as a statesman. He became popular among his fellow citizens through his support of democracy. Empedocles's scientific inquiries usually included mysticism. However, his philosophies contained early insight into basic laws of physics, including atomic theory. Although sometimes labeled a Pythagorean, Empedocles followed the Greek philosopher Parmenides (c. 515–c. 445 B.C.) in the belief that matter (or, "what is") is indestructible. Empedocles claimed that matter was the only principle of all things and that four elements in the universe—air, fire, earth, and water—made up all things according to various ratios of these elements. Empedocles further stated that two forces, which he called love and hate, or eros and strife, controlled how...
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...Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, Native American artists exercised the ability to enter the contemporary art world as masters of their mediums and carriers of their dual Native and American heritage. Fritz Scholder carved his place in the art world, and the museum, achieving a balance between the desire to enter the mainstream art world and maintain traditional practices. Scholder’s role in the context of an art institution, which has driven the dissemination and selection of Native Art, entailed challenging the fields of art history, anthropology, ethnology, the museum, and history. The construction and narrative that is instilled in Native American objects involves acknowledging a past, present and future. Fallacies in interpretation were results of collecting with little regard for context that...
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...The Process of Inducing False Memories in a Subject. The history of false memories has been clarified, but now it is time to be enlightened on how inducing false memories work. The process of inducing a false memory in a person is not complex as previously demonstrated by history itself. There are a couple of examples of un-trained people “treating” other people and inducing memories by accident. As a matter of fact there are case in which formally trained modern clinical psychologist have been treating people and have induced false memories by accident. So, in order to induce a false memory it may be easier than you think. The hallmark of most false memories that have occurred in most documented case, is that they are dramatic in nature....
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...Protestant Revolution-- A History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-First A Paper Submitted to Dr. Jonathan Yeager of the Liberty Theological Seminary In Partial Completion of Course Requirements For CHHI 525 Paul J. Limato 111 Norfolk, VA. November 2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 SUMMARY 1 CRITIQUE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Donald Whitney’s book Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life explores eleven different spiritual disciplines that should be active in the believers’ life. The spiritual disciplines bring about spiritual growth that flow from disciplines that are both private and corporate.[1] The ultimate goal of engaging in and practicing spiritual disciplines is to draw the individual closer to God. The eleven disciplines that Whitney outlines in this book are: Bible intake, prayer, worship, evangelism, serving, stewardship, fasting, silence and solitude, journaling, and learning. In all of this practicing, the main objective is that one begins to practice the disciplines outlined in this book to promote their own spiritual growth. Even though the list that Whitney puts forth in this book is not a comprehensive list, simply incorporating the disciplines listed in this book will put one on the path to growth. SUMMARY McGrath’s Book, Christianity's Dangerous Idea: The Protestant Revolution-- A History from the Sixteenth...
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...TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh has a long history in its culture. The land, the rivers, and the lives of the Bengali people formed a rich heritage with marked differences from neighbouring regions. The Bengal Renaissance of the 19th and early 20th centuries, noted Bengali writers, saints, authors, scientists, researchers, thinkers, music composers, painters and film-makers have played a significant role in the development of Bengali culture. The culture of Bangladesh is composite and over the centuries has assimilated influences of Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity Music of Bangladesh-The music and dance styles of Bangladesh may be divided into three categories: classical, folk and modern. . Bangladesh has a rich tradition of folk songs, with lyrics rooted into vibrant tradition and spirituality, mysticism and devotion. Most prevalent of folk songs and music traditions include Bhatiali, Baul, Marfati, Murshidi and Bhawaiya. Lyricists like Lalon Shah, Hason Raja, Kangal Harinath, Romesh Shill, Abbas Uddin and many unknown anonymous lyrists have enriched the tradition of folk songs of Bangladesh. . In relatively modern context, Rabindra Sangeet and Nazrul geeti form precious cultural heritage of Bangladesh. . Several musical instruments, some of them of indigenous origin, are used in Bangladesh, and major musical instruments used are the bamboo flute (banshi), drums (dhol), a single stringed instrument named ektara, a four stringed instrument...
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...Throughout history, the element of timing has proven to be an essential and instrumental component of any movement. Take the various art movements and art styles of the 18th and 19th century for example. Each movement and each artist came as a result of the current trends of that time period. Artists such as Vincent Van Gogh and Picasso succeeded because their art work represented and depicted the movements of that era. Similar to the various art movements, Star Wars: Episode IV, A New Hope, was introduced in 1977, a time that signified racial and religious trends, as well as trends of the 1970s such as protesting, drugs and hippies. This epic film represents the movement of the 1970s and does a good job in its representation, which contributes to the film’s popularity rating in America....
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