...Strategy Job motivation and stress factors What is the relationship between job motivation and stress factors and how do they contribute to overall job satisfaction? 6751 words Stefan Geurts ANR: 476831 Bachelor Thesis Organization & Strategy Preface After finishing my bachelor degree in the summer of 2008, I started a pre-master program at Tilburg University. Writing this thesis is the final assignment that has to be completed, in order to proceed to the master Strategic Management in the next academic year. I would like to thank Mr. D.P. Kroon and my group members for giving feedback and guiding me during this assignment. 2 Bachelor Thesis Organization & Strategy Executive summary This paper examines the relationships between job motivation, stress and satisfaction based on former literature. In general motivation is positively related to satisfaction and stress is negatively related to satisfaction. According to Herzberg (1987) job motivation is determined by motivators and hygiene factors. Motivators lead to satisfaction, absence of hygiene factors leads to dissatisfaction. Important motivators are achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility and growth or advancement. The main hygiene factors are company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status and security. When trying to increase motivational potential of jobs, managers have to increase the motivators on the job, this is called job enrichment...
Words: 8394 - Pages: 34
...OF THE RESEARCH 1.1 INTRODUCTION This study focuses on the influence of job satisfaction on burnout among pharmaceutical sales representatives. Chapter 1 deals with the background to the research, the problem statement and the research questions, the aims of the study, the paradigm perspectives of the research, the research design, the research methodology and the layout of the chapters. 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH People are a vital component of the production factors of an organisation (Storey, 1995). A variety of factors influence their work lives. These factors affect their performance and ultimate productivity (George, 2000). Job satisfaction is a key factor in productivity. Employees’ satisfaction levels are reflected in their intrinsic and extrinsic willingness to put their labour at the disposal of their employer (O’ Malley, 2000). Job satisfaction is certainly not the only factor that causes people to produce at different rates (Daniels, 2001). In addition to being influenced by the level of satisfaction, performance is affected by a worker's ability as well as a number of situational and environmental factors such as mechanical breakdowns, lowquality materials, an inadequate supply of materials, availability of stock and market forces (Gower, 2003). Nevertheless, in the case of lower-level jobs where little ability is required, job satisfaction seems to be one of the key determinants of performance (Edward, 1994; Gower, 2003). In an effort...
Words: 14989 - Pages: 60
...The Impact of Job Characteristics on Social and Human Service Workers Reva I. Allen/Eric G. Lambert/Sudershan Pasupuleti/Terry Cluse-Tolar/Lois A. Ventura, Department of Social Work, University of Toledo 1 In many career fields, there is a tendency to try to find the right person for the job instead of trying to make the job right for the person. Koeske and Kirk (1995) wrote, “Social work administrators presume that there are certain characteristics of human service workers that predispose some of the workers to thrive in a particular job while workers with other characteristics are more likely to dislike the job or do poorly” (p. 15). Additionally, some administrators of social and human service agencies appear to be more concerned with the impact of workers on their agency than the impact of the organization on workers. “Blaming the employee” focuses the attention away from the real causes (Arches 1991). It is true that social and human service workers can and do have meaningful effects on their employing organizations. It is, however, naive to assume that employees are not affected by the organization. It is reasonable to assume that many employees who have negative or positive impacts on the employing organization do so because of how they were treated at work. The work environment has real and lasting effects on most employees. It is generally theorized that the work environment influences employees mainly through their attitudinal states, and these...
Words: 6570 - Pages: 27
...Christen, Ganesh Iyer, & David Soberman Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Effort: A Reexamination Using Agency Theory The objective of this article is to clarify ambiguities in the literature regarding the relationships among three key constructs of work relationships: effort, job performance, and job satisfaction. The relationship between job performance and job satisfaction is of central interest to research in organizational psychology. However, empirical research in that area finds that the link between these constructs is weak at best. A negative effect of effort on job satisfaction is consistent with agency theory, but there is limited empirical evidence to support this assumption. Moreover, some studies have found a positive effect of effort on job satisfaction. Using a model that incorporates the main constructs from agency theory and organizational psychology, the current study finds a negative, direct effect of effort and a positive, direct effect of job performance on job satisfaction. The authors show that conflicting findings in the literature are the result of inconsistency in both the measurement and the definition of constructs across studies that do not fully account for all the relationships between constructs. The current findings emphasize the need to distinguish clearly between factors that represent employees’ inputs in a work relationship (i.e., effort) and those that represent their outputs (i.e., job performance). The article also demonstrates the importance...
Words: 11453 - Pages: 46
...MARKETING RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF GENDER DIFFRENCES ON JOB SATISFACTION, MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG BANKING EMPLOYEES (Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the course Marketing Research) Submitted To: | Submitted By: | Dr Shalini Trivedi, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Amity Business School, Amity University. | Disha Arora B-39Harpreet Kaur B-34Mansi Nigam B-30Payal Saxena B 28Shobhna Swati B-32 | | | Amity Business School, Amity University Declaration I hereby declare that the project work entitled “THE IMPACT OF GENDER DIFFRENCES ON JOB SATISFACTION, MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG BANKING EMPLOYEES” submitted to the Amity University, NOIDA, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ms. SHALINI TRIVEDI, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Amity Business School, Amity University, and this project work is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration. The results embodied in this thesis have not...
Words: 5991 - Pages: 24
...THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER INTENTION – TAIWAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY AS AN EXAMPLE Hsien-Che Lee Department of Business Management, Tatung University 40 ,Sec 3,Chung-Shan N. Rd, Taiwan City, Taiwan ROC hclee@ttu.edu.tw Tsai-Hua Chuang Student of Graduate School of Management, Tatung University 40 ,Sec 3,Chung-Shan N. Rd, Taiwan City, Taiwan ROC teresa5797@yahoo.com.tw ABSTRACT For recent years, Taiwan has stepped into an aging society. Life insurance and retirement planning which have quite a lot to do with insurance industry are questions of interest. The insurance industry focuses on close contact among clients, sales people and managers. That is a human-oriented industry, for which the experienced leaders inspire the sales people through continuous training and encouragement and lead them by vision. Therefore, leader’s leadership type is the critical factor for the success of the organization. This research explores the relationships among leader’s leadership style, subordinate’s personality characteristic, and job stress and turnover intention. We also identify the role of the variable of personality characteristic and job stress respectively. We use convenient sampling method to collect data. In pretest, 50 copies of questionnaires are sent to employees of M insurance company, for which 46 valid ones are returned, And then, a total of 220 copies of...
Words: 5811 - Pages: 24
...MARITAL STRESS SPILLOVER AS A PREDICTOR OF JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG ARRIED COUPLES IN ANAMBRA STATE. By Ezechukwu, Justin N. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Clarification of Key Concepts * Marital Stress * Spillover * Job Performance * Work-Family Relationship * Civil Servants 3. Predictors of Job Performance 4. Marital Stress Spillover among Married Civil Servants in Anambra State 5. Prospects for Checking Family-to-Work Conflict 6. Conclusion 1. INTRODUCTION This is actually a study of the relationship between work and family. The write-up dwells on the realm of the interface of work and family roles and conflict among married earner couples in Anambra state. According to Ahmad (2008), there are empirical evidences that show that work-family conflict is often a severe stress factor at work leading to various negative outcomes, including impaired well-being. Many people experience increased levels of stress and conflict as they juggle work and parenting responsibilities. This reality is a pointer to the fact that there will always be the inevitable presence of spillover from family to work and vice versa. This is a situation found among married couples who work. Our focus here is the effect of this phenomenon on the married civil servants in Anambra state. We shall therefore approach this term paper by firstly getting the clarification of certain key concepts we shall be dealing with. Then, we shall take a look at the predictors of job performance...
Words: 1906 - Pages: 8
...1. INTRODUCTION This chapter presents background information, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope &limitations of the study, and organization of the Study. 1.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Generally, of the various leadership styles no other leadership style has a deeper or stronger historical base than servant leadership. The concept of servant leadership can be traced through passages dating back to the 4th century B.C., most notably passages documented from Lao-Tzu who lived in China 570 B.C. (Brewer, 2010). However, the contemporary study of servant leadership may be traced to the groundbreaking work of Greenleaf (1977). The model of servant leadership, as proposed by Robert Greenleaf (1977) seems especially well suited to providing employees with the empowerment and participatory job characteristics that are related to both employee and customer satisfaction. Servant-leadership represents a model of leadership in which the leader assumes a supportive, service orientated role among stakeholders and followers (Greenleaf, 1977). The fundamental concept of servant leadership is placing others before self and accordingly servant leaders care about the people that work for them, other person’s agendas come before their own and commitment to service comes first. The servant leader serves by building the skills of followers, removing obstacles, encouraging innovation, and empowering creative problem solving (Spears, 2004). Servant...
Words: 1237 - Pages: 5
...The Impact of Stress on Jobs and the Workplace Prepared for: Mr. Glenn Pace Webster University Truman Education Center ------------------------------------------------- Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri ------------------------------------------------- Prepared By: Mrs. Betty Downing 5 March 2012 Introduction: There is an overwhelming concern in today’s society about stress on the job and in the workplace and how that will carry over to a person’s home life. Stress has taken an immense toll on the physical and emotional health of individuals, as well as the bottom lines of organizations (Greenhaus, Callanan, Godshalk, 2010). Stress can be the number one problem for working individuals, many of whom are trying to juggle everything at one time such as home, caring for children or aging family members, and work. The human brain has an inherit response for perceived attacks, harm or threats to ourselves that is known as the “fight or flight” response. With constant stress situations at work an individual will make a decision to either fight or flee the environment. There is no getting around it stress is going to be in the workplace but the issue is determining if the stressor is a positive or negative factor for employees is the matter to be dealt with. Afterwards people need to learn how to manage the stress therefore maximizing their job performance while also being able to preserve both their mental and physical health. What organizations need to start...
Words: 2204 - Pages: 9
...www.ccsenet.org/ijps International Journal of Psychological Studies Vol. 2, No. 2; December 2010 Organizational Climate and its Effects on Organizational Variables: An Empirical Study Jianwei Zhang (Corresponding author) School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China E-mail: jianweizhang@263.net Yuxin Liu Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China Abstract This study investigated the characteristics of organizational climate and its effects on organizational variables. Investigation of 419 participants including both managers and employees indicated as follows: educational level, position and length of time working for the current organization had significant main effects on organizational climate; specialty, enterprise character and enterprise size also had significant main effects on organizational climate; organizational climate had significant main effects on human resources management effectiveness such as turnover intention, job satisfaction and work efficacy; organizational climate also had significant main effects on organization effectiveness like staff members’ organization commitment and collective identity. Keywords: Organizational climate, Human resources management effectiveness, Organization effectiveness 1. Introduction Research on organizational climate can be traced back to the 1930s. With the human relations movement pioneered by Hawthorne, researchers...
Words: 7398 - Pages: 30
...Introduction: In the recent years, employers have recognised that the success of business is closely influenced by the motivation and professional capacity of their workforces. Accordingly, companies are faced with the challenge of increasing the level of employee commitment, job satisfaction and motivation (Greene, 2001). In this regard, it is important for companies to take into consideration the impact of employee needs, morale and expectations and to negotiate appropriate work arrangements for motivating employees as part of performance recognition. The following paper presents a discussion on the importance of employee motivation in the workplace. The discussion is mainly based on literature review and points that employee motivation is necessary for improved work performance. The paper has explored the important contributing played by work-life balance and financial incentives in improving employee motivation. The research indicates that the two factors foster loyalty by employees, increased performance and commitment, which are essential indications of motivation. The concept of Employee Motivation and Rewards Most discussions of motivation begin with the concept of individual needs – the unfulfilled physiological or psychological desires of an individual. Content theories of motivation use individual needs to explain the behaviours and attitudes of people at work. The basic logic is straightforward. People have needs. They engage in behaviours to obtain extrinsic...
Words: 2388 - Pages: 10
...Journal of International Academic Research (2012) Vol.12, No.1. 30 April 2012 An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among University Teachers: the case of Pakistan Noor Fatima: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. noor_e_fatimah@hotmail.com Dr Shamim A.Sahibzada: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. shamim@szabist-isb.edu.pk Abstract Balance in work and family life is an emerging challenge for both employees and employers. The present research categorises selected variables as work and family related factors to study work life balance. This paper analyses the determinants of work and life imbalance with respect to male and female university teachers. A total of 146 teacher’s responses from both private and public sector universities are included in the study. Statistical analysis reveals that partner support, colleague support and job resources are positively associated with the work life balance whereas unfair criticism at job is negatively associated with work life balance. Independent sample t-test is used to analyse the effect of independent variables on work life balance with respect to male and female university teachers. The variables, partner support, childcare responsibilities, elder dependency, and colleagues support have different effect when analysed by male and female university teachers as independent samples. Keywords: Work life balance, University...
Words: 6862 - Pages: 28
...Chosen Article: Bank intern who died after 'working for 72 hours' felt pressure to excel. Written by Victoria Ward & Anna Hill, (2013). An intern who died after allegedly working for 72 hours straight at a leading Citybank had admitted that he felt “pressurised” to succeed. Moritz Erhardt, 21, was found dead as he neared the end of a gruelling seven-week placement with the Bank of America Merrill Lynch's (BAML) investment bank division. He collapsed in the shower in his student flat in East London amid claims that he had worked throughout the night eight times in two weeks in a bid to impress company bosses, returning home at 6am on three consecutive days. It has been claimed he suffered an epileptic fit. In an online profile, Mr Erhardt, from Germany, revealed that he had developed a tendency to be “over ambitious” at an early age. He said: “I have grown up in a family that expected me, in whatever respect, to excel in life. By implication, I felt somehow pressurised. However, I did not intend to belie my parents’ expectations. “Therefore, I have become a highly competitive and ambitious nature from early on.” Members of internet message boards used by City staff claimed that other interns had been ordered not to discuss Mr Erhardt’s death. One poster wrote: “One of the best interns in IBD BAML — 3 all nighters — didn’t turn up, colleagues went to find him.” Another claimed that someone who worked on the same floor as Mr Erhardt had told him: “He was...
Words: 2597 - Pages: 11
...2 1.3 Methodology 2 2.0 Job Satisfaction 3 2.1 Definition and relationship to turnover 3 2.2 Locus of control 3 2.2.1 Definition 3 2.2.2 Internal LOC Vs External LOC 4 2.3 Two-Factor Theory 5 2.3.1 Definition 5 2.3.2 Motivators Vs Hygiene factors 5 2.3.3 Application of the theory 5 3.0 Organizational Commitment 6 3.1 Definition and relationship to turnover 6 3.2 Value Congruence 6 3.2.1 Definition 6 3.2.2 The effect of value congruence on the three types of organizational commitment 6 3.3 The Five Factor Model 7 3.3.1 Definition 7 3.3.2 The effect of the model on the three types of organizational commitment 8 4.0 Conclusion 9 5.0 Recommendations 10 6.0 References 11 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the report The purpose of this essay is to provide recommendations for the human resource practitioners to increase employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the company by taking into account the personality of an employee and his/her influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. 1.2 Personality Personality is defined as the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others (Robbins & Judge, 2012). In modern organizations, management has started to take employee’s personality in to consideration in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of employees to improve the employee’s performance resulting in higher levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment...
Words: 2338 - Pages: 10
...conflict arising from supervisors, colleagues, and client interactions is a form of stress commonly found at work (Kuhns, 2008). Recently, increasing interest has sparked research towards abusive supervision and its negative consequences. Empirical research has found that abusive supervision leads to increased turnover, less favorable attitudes, increased conflict between relationships, and lower in-role and extra-role behaviors (Tepper, 2000). Abusive supervision is a “subordinate’s perception of the extent to which their supervisors engage in the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact” (Tepper, 2000, p. 178). It is considered a form of counterproductive workplace behavior which is opposite to the organization’s interests (Hoobler & Brass, 2006). Abusive supervision is perceptual in nature and based on an individual’s subjective assessment (Tepper, 2001). That is, some individuals may view their supervisor’s behavior as abusive in one situation and non abusive in another. Furthermore, two subordinates may differ in their assessment of a common supervisor’s actions. When confronted with abusive supervisory behaviors, subordinates may be unwilling to admit that they have experienced abusive supervision by their supervisors, while others may exaggerate their supervisor’s hostility. Abusive supervision has a downward influence effect (Tepper, Duffy, & Shaw, 2001). A supervisor’s negative actions tend to “flow downhill”...
Words: 7912 - Pages: 32
