...Long-term Impact of Lifestyle on Kidneys -- Not Just the Heart Alex R. Chang, MD Authors and Disclosures Posted: 05/17/2011 * Print This * Share | | Hi. This is Dr. Alex Chang from Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology. I'm here at the National Kidney Foundation meeting presenting Lifestyle Behaviors and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease.[1] The premise for our study was that, as everybody knows, the obesity rates in America have gone up drastically. Nearly one-third of adults in the United States are obese. Nearly one-sixth of children are obese. These increasing rates of obesity are also paralleled by increasing rates of hypertension and diabetes as well. It seems logical that these increasing rates will also affect kidney disease. Our study was designed to look at young adults aged 18 to 30 years, from the CARDIA [Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults] study.[2] The CARDIA study is a longitudinal study. It started in 1985-1986, looking at young adults who were free of diseases. Essentially, they have had up to 25 years of follow-up at this point. In this cohort, we decided to look at lifestyle behaviors and the risk for incident chronic kidney disease. The lifestyle behaviors that we examined were smoking, obesity, diet, and physical activity. We created a diet score using methods similar to those that other researchers have used based on the DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] diet. This diet was used in the...
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...Psycosocial Effects of diabetes Substantial literature documents the prevalence and course of psychiatric disorders, particularly affective and anxiety disorders, in adults with diabetes . Research findings have demonstrated that depression is more common in patients with diabetes than in the general population; at least 15% of patients have clinical depression . Findings indicate that depression is associated with worse glycemic control and health complications , as well as decreased quality of life , and is likely to be persistent . A recent meta-analysis confirms the association of depression with hyperglycemia and complications in both adult type 1 and type 2 diabetes . Evidence from prospective studies indicates that depression doubles the risk of the incidence of type 2 diabetes, independent of its association with other risk factors . In patients with preexisting diabetes, depression is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and seems to accelerate its presentation. Research has also shown that anxiety disorders are common in adults with diabetes and linked with poor glycemic control. Retrieved February 24, 2012 www.AmericaDiabetesAssociation/care.diabetesjournal.org Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or use insulin. When the body turns the food eaten into energy, insulin is used to move this sugar into the cells. If someone produce little or no insulin, or of the body cannot use this insulin, the sugar remains...
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...Psycosocial Effects of diabetes Substantial literature documents the prevalence and course of psychiatric disorders, particularly affective and anxiety disorders, in adults with diabetes . Research findings have demonstrated that depression is more common in patients with diabetes than in the general population; at least 15% of patients have clinical depression . Findings indicate that depression is associated with worse glycemic control and health complications , as well as decreased quality of life , and is likely to be persistent . A recent meta-analysis confirms the association of depression with hyperglycemia and complications in both adult type 1 and type 2 diabetes . Evidence from prospective studies indicates that depression doubles the risk of the incidence of type 2 diabetes, independent of its association with other risk factors . In patients with preexisting diabetes, depression is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and seems to accelerate its presentation. Research has also shown that anxiety disorders are common in adults with diabetes and linked with poor glycemic control. Retrieved February 24, 2012 www.AmericaDiabetesAssociation/care.diabetesjournal.org Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or use insulin. When the body turns the food eaten into energy, insulin is used to move this sugar into the cells. If someone produce little or no insulin, or of the body cannot use this insulin, the sugar remains...
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...Type 1 Diabetes has many negative effects some of the major ones include pregnancy complications, nephropathy, heart and blood vessel diseases, and neuropathy. All of these complications can be prevented and most cured or treated. Pregnancy complications are one of the negative effects of Type 1 Diabetes. Maternal death is recorded as such if it happens during the pregnancy or up to forty two days after delivery. In 1980, of all the diabetic pregnant women one half a percent of them died from maternal death. Although since 1980 there have been developments in treatment and obstetric management; this meaning that the percentage has decreased. Between 1975 and 1997 at the University Central Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, 972 women mean to deliver but they all died. All these deaths were caused by something. Hypoglycemia is an abnormal decrease of sugar in the blood which can and has caused the death of many diabetic women. Ketoacidosis is another disease that causes death. ketoacidosis is when...
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...certainly be unhealthy for you, the same can be said about diet soda or any diet soft drink that uses artificial sweeteners. Diet soda is very popular amongst dieters everywhere who watch their calorie intake. Although diet soda is free of calories, it is certainly not free of health side effects. The three major side effects of drinking two or more diet sodas per-day, include Kidney damage, weight gain, and enamel tooth damage. According to Earth Clinic - Folk Remedies and Holistic Cures, a 2009 Nurses Health Study of 3,256 women found a 30% drop in the level of kidney function of those women who drank two or more 12oz drinks of diet sodas daily. “This means that the women who drank two or more diet sodas per-day had 30% less kidney blood filtering ability than those who drank regular sodas or other soft drinks”(Earth Clinic). After considerations were made of other factors that may have affected the participants, like diabetes or high blood pressure, the 30% drop in kidney function was still very noticeable. The sweeteners used in diet soda, may scar the kidney tissue over time, which results in lower kidney function. Unlike the liver, the kidneys lack the ability to repair its self. Kidney damage is permanent. To avoid this, stay away from diet drinks that contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, this is marketed as ‘NutraSweet, Equal, and Spoonful’. In addition, there is a weight gain risk in consuming diet soft drinks. As odd as it may sound, it is a fact that diet soda...
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...Surgical II September 6th, 2011 DIABETES MELLITUS Abstract Diabetes is a disease that affects 18.2 million people in the United States alone. This disease results when there is a high level of sugar in the blood for an extended period of time. Diet, exercise, pills and insulin injections can control it. There are three main types of diabetes--Type I, which affects primarily the younger population; Type II, which primarily affects the population above 40; and gestational diabetes, which affects women during the third trimester of their pregnancy. While scientists do not know what causes diabetes, they do know that it is caused from a variety of factors that can vary from person to person. Examples of these factors are heredity, being overweight, and problems with beta cells, which are located in the pancreas. Diabetes can result in blurred vision, retinopathy, nerve problems, dry skin, and kidney issues. Diet plays a major role in the prevention of these problems. Sugar concentration in the blood is a major factor for diabetics, so understanding the sugar content of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is essential. The goal from a diet perspective is to control your sugar in your bloodstream in such a way that the insulin in your bloodstream can manage it efficiently. In addition to diet, medication and exercise play a key role in controlling this disease. Currently, there is no known cure for diabetes. I believe that diabetes...
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...Risk Factors for Type 1 Type 1 Diabetes is autoimmune disease, which is when the body is attacking itself. There aren’t many known risk factors but some known ones are… : Family History : if you have a family member with type 1 diabetes, you or your child are at greater risk of having it too. Researchers believe that genetic factors play a role in type 1 diabetes :Having other autoimmune diseases :if you have another condition that affects your immune system, you might be at greater risk :Viral exposure : Some viral contact may trigger the autoimmune disease :Vitamin D : Early drinking of cow’s milk has been linked to type 1 diabetes. :Mother’s age at childbirth :Under 25 or over 35 years old :Some Dietary Factors :Abnormalities at Birth : respiratory infection, jaundice, or high birth weigh can increase the risk of type 1 diabetes for that ...
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...MLV008 Symptoms of Diabetes Type1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease in which blood glucose levels are rising up because the body cannot release or use insulin properly. Blood sugar levels throughout the day in human body are varied. Blood sugar levels are rising up immediately after having meal and returning to normal within 2 hours later. They are not symptoms of diabetes since the cycles is normal. For healthy people, normal blood sugar levels in the morning after the night before fasting is 70-110 mg/dL. Blood sugar levels are usually less than 120-140 mg/dL at 2 hours after eating or drinking liquids containing sugar or other carbohydrates. Many old or inactive people experience symptoms of diabetes. Insulin, which is a hormone produced by pancreas is the main hormone responsible in maintaining proper blood sugar levels. Insulin moves causes sugar into cells to produce energy or stored as energy reserves. Increasing blood sugar levels after eating or drinking stimulates pancreas to release insulin. Thus, it prevents the increasing in blood sugar levels and lower blood sugar levels slowly....
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...Hyperglycemia occurs when your blood glucose levels become too high, indicating the body's inability to use the sugar that is present in the bloodstream. This occurs either because insulin is not available (Type 1 diabetes) or because the cells are resistant to the present insulin (Type 2 diabetes). Hyperglycemia is a sign that the body's tissues are, to one degree or another, starving for glucose. In extreme and untreated cases, hyperglycemia can be very serious, leading to ketoacidosis, coma and even death. For all the danger that can be associated with hyperglycemia, it is to some extent, a difficult-to-avoid experience for people with diabetes. It is likely to be the means through which diabetes is first diagnosed. It can be brought on due to poor diet, overeating, sedentary lifestyle, an episode of the flu or a cold, or even stressful experiences including personal and work-related problems. It takes careful maintenance of a health-preserving routine to insure that a person with diabetes will not become hyperglycemic. Ketoacidosis is a situation that can occur when individuals with diabetes become severely hyper- or hypoglycemic. It occurs most commonly in people dealing with Type 1 diabetes, but anyone with severe hyper- or hypoglycemia is at risk. Unable to gain access to blood sugar to feed itself the body turns to a secondary mechanism for obtaining fuel; it starts to metabolize stored fats instead. Ketones are an acid byproduct of the fat-burning process. Prolonged...
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...the associated effects this condition has on the organs and systems within the body. Diabetes mellitus has been known to have an effect on nearly every part of the body and has been linked to conditions like hypertension, and diabetic neuropathy. Recently there has been a significant increase in the number of cases of Diabetes mellitus within the United States alone the number of cases has dramatically increased over the last decade. This increase does not only affect the U.S. but a majority of the world. The increase has been seen in both type one and type two. Many of the areas have correlating health issues associated with Diabetes mellitus. It is most prevalent in the North...
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...potatoes, Cornflakes. *Added Sugars are sugars and syrups used as an ingredient in the processing and preparation of foods such as bread, cakes, beverages, jellies, and ice cream as well as sugars eaten separately or added to foods at the table. Some other names for added sugars are: sucrose, invert sugar, corn sugar, corn syrups and solids, high-fructose corn syrup, and honey. * The DRI suggests that no more than 25% of the diet should come from added sugars, while the WHO and FDA suggest that no more than 10% of the diet should come from added sugars. *High-fiber foods-especially whole grains-plays a key role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. When soluble fibers trap nutrients and delay their transit through the GI tract, glucose absorption is slowed, which helps to prevent the glucose surge and rebound that seem to be associated with diabetes onset. *Increasing Dietary Fiber- 1. Increase fiber gradually over several weeks to gives the GI tract time to adapt. 2. Drink plenty of liquids to soften the fiber as it moves through the GI tract. 3. Select fiber-rich foods from a variety of sources-fruits, veggies, legumes, and whole-grain breads and cereals. *The recommended range of dietary fiber daily, by the American Dietetic Association is 20-35 grams. *Artificial sweeteners: Equal=Aspartame, Splenda=Sucralose, Sweet-n-Low=Saccharin. * People with PKU should avoid Equal/Aspartame, because the sweetener contains phenylalanine. *Sugar Alcohols...
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...Per Container Per Serving Learn about serving sizes. 8 fl oz %DV* 20 fl oz %DV* Calories 0 - 0 - Total Fat (g) 0 0 0 0 Sodium (mg) 0 0 0 0 Total Carbs (g) 0 0 0 0 Sugars (g) 0 - 0 - Protein (g) 0 - 0 - Sun Chips 6 Grain Medley Creamy Roasted Garlic I consider this meal to be a healthy meal. This meal contains 26g of fat, 35mg of cholesterol, 66g of carbohydrates, 31g of protein and 2,635mg of sodium. Total calorie intake for this meal is 635. The meal contains: • Saturated fat which is a fatty acid that has no carbons bonded together with a double bond. • Cholesterol is a form of lipid that our bodies can make independently. • Sodium is an element that the body needs to work properly. The body uses sodium to control blood pressure and blood volume. Sodium is also needed for your muscles and nerves to work properly. Salt contains sodium. • Carbohydrates are the primary fuel source for our bodies, particularly for our brain and for physical exercise. They are composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. • Dietary fiber is the nondigestible carbohydrate parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems and seeds. Also known as the plant’s “skeleton”. • Sugar is the generalized name for a class of sweet-flavored substances used as food. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose, fructose and galactose. Disaccharides include lactose, maltose and sucrose. • Protein are large, complex molecules made up...
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...Diabetes is has two types Type 1 and Type 2. They have in common that the level of sugar is abnormally high. Type 1 diabetes is a deficiency of the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels. Only about 5% of people who have diabetes have this type whereas type 2 is far more common. With type 2 the level of insulin can be low, normal or high. The body does not starts respond properly to insulin it becomes partially resistant to the effects of insulin. Diabetes is often described as one of the most psychologically and behaviorally demanding of the chronic medical illnesses. What makes diabetes difficult to treat is that psychosocial factors play a role in “nearly every aspect of diabetes and its treatment." (Cox & Gonder-Frederick, 1992). Consequently, disruptions to psychological wellness may impact diabetes adversely. Family members may be frightened by the possibility of serious acute and chronic complications of diabetes. May only recognize that less than rigorous control leads to complications, may not know how to help in which family members turn adherence to diabetes self-care recommendations into autonomy issues: nagging, doing too much for the person, not letting the person learn how to care for their self, treating the person like a child. Stress is another psychology health issues which can result in reduced motivation for self-care, risky behaviors like alcohol abuse and food binging. Physiological changes include blood...
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...Effects of Methamphetamine Carla Respondo COM/172 November 11, 2012 Susi McFarland The human body is affected in different ways when one uses Methamphetamine, also known as Crystal Meth. The drug is white crystalline drugs that people have been known to induce by snorting it, smoking it or injecting it with a syringe. The effects of the drug last between six to eight hours depending on the way the drug is ingested into the body. It can last up to twenty-four hours in some cases. The effects can cause one to have short-term/ long-term damage physically and mentally. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has research that over a period of time, more than 300,000 people in the United States alone uses this highly addictive stimulant. The earliest uses the Methamphetamine was during World War II. The German and Finnish government would give it to their soldiers. The soldiers would stay awake for days at a time and fight the war. In 1942 Adolf Hitler was known for taking injections of the drug and he developed Parkinson’s disease like symptoms that were a result from using methamphetamine. During the periods of 1940’s top the 1950’s, Japan administered to this drug to their industrial workers to increase their productivity. In 1970 after the Controlled Substances Act it restricted its availability in the manufacturing industry. When that had happened a large “meth labs” that are illegal starting arising in the Southwest, West, and parts of the Mid West...
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...High Fructose corn syrup in the US and UK High fructose corn syrup, also known as Fructose-Glucose syrup, is a liquid sweetener that was created to act as a substitute for regular sugar in the 1950s, and is now used in almost all processed foods in the United States, and to a lesser degree, the United Kingdom. Since its creation, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been used extensively not only in these two countries, but also around the world. It is an ingredient in almost every single mass-produced beverage and food product, however its extensive use has sparked a lot of controversy regarding HFCS and its possible obesity-causing effects, as well as issues of sustainability and agriculture. High fructose corn syrup was so quickly embraced by food producers due to its sweetness comparable to that of sucrose (regular table sugar), its stability, and ease of application. Another part of HFCS’s appeal was that sugar cane was originally grown in places that were both politically and environmentally unstable, and so any fluctuation in either of those factors meant a variation in the worldwide price of sugar. In 1977 the United States imposed a system of sugar tariffs and quotas which significantly raised the price of imported sugar, so producers sought a cheaper alternative, and high fructose corn syrup was the answer. Initial shipments to the United States food industry started in the late 1960s and since then there have been many advancements in its production which have led...
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