...3 Augmented Reality – Where it Started from and Where It’s Going Veronika Szucs, Silvia Paxian and Cecília Sik Lanyi Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59796 1. Introduction This study provides an overview of augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) and some of its important and popular areas of application. Augmented reality technology integrates 3D virtual objects into a real 3D environment, in real time. This book chapter presents the areas of everyday life where AR can be used (including, but not limited to): medical informatics, production repair, visualization, route planning, entertainment and military applications, marketing tasks and education. The basic characteristics of AR systems, the need for compro‐ mise in their applicability, and optical and video mixing approaches are presented in the chapter. The chapter introduces the two main areas of sensor errors, which are considered as a basic problem during the design of efficient augmented reality systems. We summarize how the current devices are able to solve these problems. The expected future direction of AR technology developments and the areas where further research is needed are simultaneously introduced. 1.1. Aims In the course of preparing the study, the actualities of augmented reality technologies have been reviewed. Questions associated with differing scope of application, design and imple‐ mentation problems of augmented reality...
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...Jupiter Media, Emarketer.com predict a promising and glorious future for the e-commerce in the 21st century. The total volume of e-commerce has been growing by 15 to 25 percent every year and will continue to grow. However, there are challenges for e-commerce to grow in future, it will grow but the growth will vary from country to country and affect the online market at various time periods and the main question is how fast will it grow and what will be the scope of its growth in the future 5 years. These are the main questions that will be addressed in this essay, which will focus on three interrelated broad themes that e-commerce involve: society, business and technology. It is a period of reinvention involving the extension of Internet technologies, and the discovery of new business models based on consumer-generated content and social networking. While a variety of definitions of the term e-commerce have been suggested this essay will use the term suggested by Cabinet Office in 1999: ‘E-commerce is the exchange of information across electronic networks, at any stage in the supply chain, whether within an organization, between businesses, between businesses and consumers or between the public and private sector, whether paid or unpaid. ‘ To begin with, lets look at technological factors that provide infrastructure and will define future of e-commerce. Internet, digital computing, communications technology, cloud and mobile computing – the fundamental shifts in the way we...
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...VR Essay 2. Virtual Reality as Lanier envisioned it has not eventuated, yet the desires he articulated live on. Discuss. To discuss Lanier’s keen views and anticipations regarding Virtual Reality back in the mid 1980s, it would be useful to first cover exactly how far Virtual Reality has progressed up until today. This essay will begin by discussing the history of Virtual Reality and the usage trends. That discussion will then be used to preface a discussion about Lanier’s views that were expressed in A Vintage Virtual Reality Interview. The essay will then finish off by looking at particularly interesting views held by some of today’s futurists and these views will be related back to Lanier’s original exuberant view of Virtual Reality. The idea of Virtual Reality has been around for decades. In fact, Virtual Reality has its roots back before Lanier was even born. Despite the public only becoming aware of Virtual Reality in the early 1990s, all the way back in the mid 1950s, a cinematographer going by the name of Morton Heilig had imagined a theatre experience that would attempt to appeal to every one of the audiences’ senses. He built a single viewing station in 1960, which he called ‘The Sensorama’. The Sensorama featured a stereoscopic display, odour emitters, fans, stereo speakers and a mechanical moving chair. He even invented a head-mounted television display that could show the user television in 3-D. These ideas paved the way to the increasingly immersive experiences...
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...A Shattered Visage: Modernity and its visual role in Shelley's Ozymandias Barring some unforeseen individual circumstance, you can always count on your eyesight as one of your primary avenues of perception. This has always been the case for mankind, our gift of vision has allotted us the ability to reproduce images of the world around us in our own right. We can craft a version of the world entirely out of our minds. We have created billion dollar industries on the reproduction and sale of images and effectively monetized one of the most basic forms of perception. But what if vision, something we like to swear by in our media-saturated society, doesn't work the same ways at the same times? Does the experience of looking at the Mona Lisa in 1814 differ from looking at it in the year 2014? Did the Sistine Chapel mean something completely different to someone first seeing it as opposed to someone seeing it on some tour in the present day? The two pieces I chose to discuss deal with these questions a lot. Percy Bysshe Shelley's seminal sonnet “Ozymandias” deals with a traveler looking at the remains of a massive statue and empire hundreds, if not thousands of years later. Jonathan Crary's “Modernity and the Problem of the Observer” deals with how our modes of visual perception have changed drastically from the pre-industrial era into the digital age, where the infinite replication of images is the norm. In marrying commentary on both of these literary artifacts, I will attempt...
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...Since time immemorial, mankind has created objects and methods to make their lives easier. We commonly refer to these innovations as technology. From the first wooden spear created by the caveman to the latest augmented reality of today’s Silicon Valley, these innovations have been technology. Since technology has been adopted, there have been naysayers that have always spouted the same lines of “This technology is going to ruin us” and “This technology is evil”. In this essay, we will show the duality of technology by the destructive nature of it, the beneficial nature, and the choices mankind makes when it puts these technologies into practice. In 1945, at 5:29:45 a.m., the Manhattan Project came to an explosive end as the first atom bomb...
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...LIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BOOK CRITIQUE: TWO VIEWS ON WOMEN IN MINISTRY A Paper Submitted to Liberty Theological Seminary Dr. Garry Graves In partial fulfillment of the requirements For completion of the course Systematic Theology II THEO 530 By Vernon L Langley July 26, 2012 Beck, James R. Two Views on Women in Ministry: Revised ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005. ISBN: 978-0-310-25437-9. Thesis Statement: in view of the fact that my own outlook on women’s responsibility in ministry is in between social equality and Complementarian; however I will attempt to show that women have a part in ministry, through the assessment of these two differing points of views as offered in the principal book Two Views on Women In Ministry and as contrasted with other academic books. Introduction: Dr. James R. Beck has assembled four academic assessments which present the egalitarian and complementarianism / hierarchical analysis regarding women in ministry with unprejudiced supplementary counterpoints to completely enlighten the one who reads. The arrangement of analysis appear to evaluate and distinguish in a reasonable, impartial way that supply the one who reads with a good insight of the dispute, with opposing opinions offered at the conclusion of every article. However, the reasonable approach to the arrangement of both components regarding women in ministry do not completely disclose...
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... DEMONSTRATIVE COMMUNICATION 2 Demonstrative Communication Communication is an essential part of our existence. People communicate through verbal or nonverbal form. The ability to communicate allow us to established a relationship as both sender and receiver shared a common understanding of information among family, peers, subordinates, associates, and so forth. Part of communication interactions is the used of demonstrative communication, the process of sending and receiving messages that include verbal and nonverbal form. Nonverbal communication is an important component of communication; it enhances the message that was send and received by reinforcing the verbal communication through body gestures and movement. In this essay we will the effectiveness and infectiveness of demonstrative communication. Explore the positive and negative consequences for both the sender and receiver. Finally examine how listening and receiving is involve through demonstrative communication. Demonstrative communications are nonverbal and unwritten actions involve during a communication process. The use of arm and hands movement, visual contact, and body position are some examples of elements of a demonstrative communication. Most of the messages send toward others are nonverbal motion. Verbal communication components contain less than 35% of the social meaning of a given situation and it contain 65% nonverbal communication (Huang, 2011). Demonstrative communication when apply...
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...Knowledge management embedded in social media – successful company and its innovations ABSTRACT The continuous market pressures and competitions pushes the organisation to be in the race of making innovations besides safeguarding the talent and information they own. The race for new products and services for the customers arises due to increasing awareness and exposure through social media. This essay focuses on studying the knowledge management jointly with social media leading to innovation. The essay seeks to examine the role of social media taking IKEA as the case of interest. It aims to further investigate how knowledge management through social media help a company in its innovations, product development and services. 1. INTRODUCTION. Knowledge management has become the buzzword in recent past in the industrial sector. Companies have become very focused on the knowledge assets that they own and the capabilities of their organisation or company and staff to utilize theses assets. Thus, knowledge can be called a resource which could be acquired, exploited and applied to achieve success and advantage for the company (Zack, 2003). However, companies that fail to manage the knowledge it has might surely be losing its capabilities, potential and brains (Denford, J. S., & Chan, Y. E., 2011). The benefits that knowledge management offers ranges from promotion and elevation of unequivocal knowledge to attain efficiency and innovation in various business practices (Durrant...
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...schools of thought; Structuralists and Dependency Theory. These two schools question many of the assumptions made by the Neoclassical framework and use real world observations to discredit Neoclassical policies. While Neoclassical theory suggests that all free trade is eventually mutually beneficial to everyones welfare, Dependency Theory advocates argue that free trade is a destructive force and a threat to the Developing World or the Least Developed Countries (LDC’s). Structuralist make their position in the middle ground and acknowledge that while there are gains from free trade to be made for LDC’s and Developed Countries (DC’s) alike, free trade is potentially harmful to developing economies and needs to be managed appropriately. This essay will consider each argument and ultimately show how Neoclassic philosophy, which has underpinned WTO and IMF policy for much of the past half century, relies upon too many unsatisfactory assumptions and that many observations made in the real world are contradictory to what the theory...
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...[ THE INFLUENCE THAT SOCIAL NETWORKING PLAYS IN SOCIETY TODAY. HOW, AND TO WHAT EXTENT, HAS IT RE-DEFINED SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND IS THIS GENERATIONALLY SPECIFIC?]] | Tim Berners-Lee had a vision to create a system for linking information over the internet; his idea for creating the web was about anything potentially connected with anything, thus providing us with a new freedom and allow people space to create and communicate, he never anticipated that it would have a global impact as far as social networking is concerned! [Weaving the Web by Tim Berners–Lee, page 1] A social networking is basically an online service, platform, or site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people, e.g. who share interests and/or activities. It essentially consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web based and provide means for users to interact over the internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. These types of sites allow participants to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. The main types of social networking services are those which contain category places (such as former school year or classmates), means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages) and a recommendation system linked to trust. Popular methods now combine many of these, with Facebook and Twitter widely...
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...significance for today’s marketers. Furthermore, the report will also focus on what key trends mobile marketing is likely to face in the future. 1.2 Defining Mobile Marketing Firstly, mobile marketing is pertinent to all of the “activities undertaken to communicate with customers through the use of mobile devices” such as the dissemination of promotional offers and information on product and services, (De Pelsmacker, Geuens and Van den Bergh, 2007). Hence, mobile marketing employs mobile devices as the primary communication platform for promoting products and/or services to customers. Mobile phones, smart phones and computer tablets are all considered to be mobile devices. 2.1 Types of Mobile Marketing Communications This section of the essay aims to classify the various types of mobile communications that are currently available to marketers. For the purpose of this report, we shall focus on eight major types of mobile marketing communications. 1. SMS (Short...
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...productivity due to mechanization and automation might create opportunities to remake societies, adapting them to the new technologies. This will reduce poverty and misery around the world, with the consequent decrease in the frequency of armed conflicts. The protection of our environment and our biosphere, for that matter, cannot be fully accomplished without the development of new, more advanced technologies. Technologies like the internet, for example, made it possible for billions of people to communicate and trade on a global scale. Some people believe that technology is negatively affecting our capacity for concentration and deep thought but in reality, we are not fully certain of that because we are not completely aware of how our brain react to the existent technologies or the introduction of new ones. New technologies have augmented our learning capacity, while making it easier for us to adapt to changes. So, we are not racing against the machines, but racing with the machines, in a man-machine symbiotic relationship toward a better...
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...The following essay encompasses a discussion concerning college and its perceived merits or demerits. To this end, the thesis will seek to explore the issue of whether its benefits outweigh its inherent costs. A narrative relating to college degrees postulates the necessity of the latter to have a good career. The narrative has been formulated and affirmed by the media, the business community, and the government. In a recent speech, President Obama blatantly stated that now more than ever, the college degree was a ticked into the middle class, a good job, and a good income. He goes on to say that the degree gifts the graduate an element of security that keeps them employable. The latter is a result of the perception that the degree creates. Potential employers view individuals with degrees as malleable and capable of acquiring new skill sets. On the business front, there is an upsurge of demand for skilled workers in recent years because of dramatic technological advance. Ergo there is an augmented demand for graduates who can carry out the tasks that a high-tech economy needs. The media has been used to highlight this upsurge and often unwittingly, create pressure on parents to send their children to college. While parents deal with all the information heralding college education as a crucial investment to make, they also appraise the information against the backdrop of college costs. In recent decades, the cost of higher learning has exploded. Numerous colleges charge...
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...Introduction The world is becoming revolutionised with each passing day, change is occurring rapidly whether in an organised or disorganised manner. Thus, organisations are forced to deal with very challenging structures and concepts. This is where organisational theories become relevant as they involve the examination of concerns related to organisations. This is particularly important as it brings about the analysis and discovery of new life meanings and challenges both in and out of the organisations. It is for this reason that this essay aims to address the importance of organisational theory in a real company. Organisational theories are meant to explain an organisation and its structure. In this case the Apple Inc. organisation will be explored in details and the two theories; knowledge-based theory and diffusion of innovation theory will also be examined comprehensively and how they relate to the apple Inc. Apple Inc., an American Multinational Corporation, has its main focus on manufacturing and designing end user electronic and interconnected products. The most popular products include the iPod (Portable media player), Mac line of personal computers, iPad computers and the iPhone. The various software from Apple Inc. include the Mac and X operating systems, iLife suite, iTunes browser and creativity software as well as iWork and safari web browsers. The company was founded by Steve Paul Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in April 1976. Its purpose was to make and...
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...HUM101 Humanities are the study of the different cultural aspect of man, his frailties in life and how these can be improved. Also means understanding man and his affairs rather than just a prescribed unchangeable body of accepted facts and theories. * It comes from Latin word “Humanus” which means- human, culture, refined. * It has various connotation: depending on political, social, economic, artistic, and cultural forces * Refers to a loosely defined group of cultural subject area. Dictum of the Greek philosopher Protagoras “Man is the measure of all things, ‘meaning that the humanities uplift the dignity and values of man and his tendencies.” Culture is the disparity between man and animal; thus to be cultured is to possess refinement in taste and manners and these include speech, knowledge, belief, arts and technologies. Arts enhance daily experience and they are linked to the very quality of life. The word art encompasses meanings, including ability, process and product. As ability art is the human capacity to make things of beauty and things that stir us; it is creativity. As process, art encompasses acts, such as drawing, painting, sculpture, and designing building and using the camera to create memorable works. As products, art is the completed work—an etching, a sculpture, a structure, a tapestry, a portrait, a song. Purposes of Art. Role of Humanities in human’s life. General View of the Arts Art was derived from the Aryan root word “AR” which means to...
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