...that infects the lymphatic vessels after an individual is bitten by an infected fly. As you clear the parasite infection, a large amount of debris is left in the lymphatics which leads to a burst of bacterial growth inundating the lymph nodes. In advanced cases complete blockage of the flow of lymph from an appendage by the bacterial overgrowth. Over time the infected patient’s limb distorts to incredible size as it accumulates interstitial fluid that does get returned to the blood. Pressure in the tissues surrounding the vessels in the limb leads to reduced blood flow and opportunistic bacterial infections of the epidermis increase.. The infections leave grey or tan rough patches of scar tissue covering the appendage that now resembles an elephant’s limb - hence the name of the disease. Your essay prompt: Where did all the fluid come from in the first place?? Explain the forces within and around a capillary that are responsible for the edema characterizing elephantiasis. You should start by explaining the role of the lymphatic system as it pertains to the osmotic balance of the blood, then define net filtration pressure and how it can be interpreted, and describe the different relationships between filtration and reabsorption along a capillary. A complete answer will discuss the movement of fluid across the capillary wall at different points along the entire length of a capillary as well the overall net effect. Be sure to explicitly state how the lymph system and cardiovascular...
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...Introduction This essay will consider the structure and function of the 11 systems within the human body. It will detail the interrelationship between the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system and between the circulatory system and the lymphatic system. It will then explain the roles of the circulatory and lymphatic systems in the immune response and the role of hormones in metabolism. Human Body Systems The human body is made up of 11 separate but interconnected systems (Sherwood, 2007). These are the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, integumentary, immune, endocrine and reproductive systems. The success and survival of the human body is dependent on the ability of separate body systems to work together. The skeletal system provides structure for the human body, stores minerals, produces blood cells and provides protection for delicate organs (Kelly, 2004). 206 bones are connected with ligaments, muscles and tendons, with cartilage, a softer cushion like material, providing protection in jointed areas. Body movements are controlled by the muscular system, with these muscles being connected to bones via tendons (Adams, 2004). Stimulation of these muscles by the nervous system causes contraction and the resulting movement of bones to which they are attached. A number of involuntary muscles ensure the respiratory and circulatory systems continue with contraction of the heart and lungs (Adams, 2004). The heart is central...
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...Pathology Assignment 1 – Essay. Candidate No 690814 Describe the four signs of inflammation and explain how each develops. What benefit is derived from the development of each sign? Introduction To quote Tortora and Derrickson (2009), “Inflammation is a non-specific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage”. The most common causes of tissue damage are physical and chemical trauma, and infections. And, the classical four external signs of inflammation are described as: redness (erythema or rubor); swelling (oedema); heat (calor); and, pain (dolor). Inflammation is an essential part of the healing process and this essay will describe the inflammation response and development of the signs of inflammation. The process has been divided...
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...The primary characteristics of massage are touch and movement. There are many styles of massage therapy. This essay will cover two of the most common groups of massage modalities, Western and Eastern, and explain the overall benefits of massage, the similarities and differences of Western and Eastern massage techniques, and Western and Eastern philosophy of healing behind each one. Although Western and Eastern massage outcome are similar, it is amazing how different their concepts are. Western and Eastern Massage have similar environments. For example, in the massage room sounds of soft tranquil music will be playing, the soft light of candles or dim lighting, the trickling sounds from a water fountain, a lovely sent of aroma therapy and a massage therapist eager to help his or her next client. There are some differences between the two environments. Western massage rooms have a massage table, where his or her clients will undress and get under the sheets like getting into bed. The massage therapist will use lotion or oil on his or her client’s skin during the massage session. Eastern massage rooms have a shiatsu mat on the floor; the mat will have a top sheet that the clients will lay on fully clothed. The therapist does not use lotion and oils during their sessions. Some of the Western modalities consist of Swedish, Deep Tissue, Sports Massage, Lymphatic Drainage, Myofascial Release, Cross Fiber, Longitude Release, and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation...
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...9 April 2013 Examining the Health Effects of Tattoos A tattoo is classified as a form of body modification. Tattooing is presently under strict hygiene rules because of the risk of infection. Tattoo artists must wear gloves and it is mandatory that the ink and needles be on single use. There are several forms of hepatitis that can be transmitted among the most severe of infections. According to theory, of all infections, HIV can even be transmitted. By inserting ink into the dermis layer of the skin that is just about impossible to rub out or remove, the tattoo is made. But only through the change of the pigment. Through this entire process, the blood becomes tainted. Tattoos are really a form of art, more specifically body art. Many of them have significant meaning while many do not. People of all lifestyles enjoy it. While tattooing is a hobby and/or done for beautification, it is vital to recognize that it is a decision and life-long commitment where health must also be taken into consideration. Tattoos are popular, and some people experience the need for meaningful ones in certain groups of society. Minor to major health effects are sometimes brought about and there is proof. The existing fact is that there is health effects involved in tattooing. Continually becoming popular is tattooing. This is especially true among adolescents. Aside from the direct health effects, associated with tattoos commonly are participation in satanic rituals, delinquency, drug abuse...
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...oxygen is 100torr, there are 300 million alveoli in the lungs which creates a cross sectional area of 70m2 (where gas exchange can occur). The alveoli are in direct contact with the 1 cell thick pulmonary capillaries where erythrocytes travel one at a time, creating a diffusion length of 20 microns. The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries before reaching the alveoli is 40torr. Due to the partial pressure law, oxygen diffuses from its high partial pressure in the alveoli (100torr) to its low partial pressure in the erythrocytes of the pulmonary capillaries (40torr), where the oxygen molecules bond to the iron molecules of the heme units in hemoglobin. The erythrocytes then transport the oxygen through the cardiovascular system (pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, then capillaries) to the cell of the body. The oxygen enters the body...
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...that can be managed effectively as an outpatient, and to gain a keen understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. The terms cellulitis and erysipelas are often used interchangeably and current usage tends to regard erysipelas as a form of cellulitis rather than a separate entity, making clear distinction difficult (Hay 2004, Kilburn et al 2010). Erysipelas affects the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, with distinctly raised lesions and clear lines of demarcation between involved and uninvolved tissue. Cellulitis extends more deeply, involving the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat and lacks the distinctive anatomical features of erysipelas. For the purpose of this essay I will be using the term ‘cellulitis’ to refer to both conditions. This essay will endeavor to discuss the incidence, its clinical presentation, risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and classification according to severity of cellulitis with reference to current and relevant literature. The management of cellulitis will not be discussed as it goes beyond the capacity of this essay to accommodate this highly researched area (See appendix IV for empirical antibiotics used to treat common SSTIs). Incidence Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are relatively common, however there seems to be a...
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...What causes humans to become ill? Humans can get ill a variety of different ways, anything we eat or come into contact with may cause illness in a human. In this essay I will outline different potential illnesses that a human may suffer with. When a human comes into contact with something that causes an abnormal immune response we call it an allergy. When allergy-prone person initially comes into contact with an allergen their B-cells produce IgE antibody, this antibody produced binds to mast cells which are found throughout the body. The second contact with this allergen, the mast cells with IgE present produces histamine which then lead to allergy symptoms such as running nose, sneezing and watery eyes. There are millions of types of different bacteria, some good and some bad called pathogens, which can make a human ill. When a pathogen enters the body it attaches to cells, potentially damaging the cells and releases its toxins. The bodies white blood cells can destroy the pathogens however while the body destroys the pathogens it may also damage the surrounding tissue. In most cases antibiotics can be taken to kill the bacteria, it does this by stopping their growth or killing them it does this by preventing the bacteria from building up a cell wall. An example of a bacteria is acne, acne is caused by bacteria growing near or in the sebaceous glands in the skin which causes inflammation and white pus. Viruses also enter the body and attach to a host using it to reproduce...
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... holistic nutrition utilizes various combinations of foods and nutrients to help individuals maintain, balance, and achieve their optimal mental, physical and spiritual health (Perkins, n.d.). According to the scholar Hans A. Baer, “foci of the holistic health movement have included stress and stress reduction, reliance on natural therapies, therapeutic eclecticism, the notion of healer as a teacher rather than a medical authority figure, the belief that the body is suffused by a flow of energy, the belief in vitalism, and individual responsibility for one’s health” (Baer, 2003, p. 235). This paper seeks to explore the dietary principles involved in holistic nutrition, the importance and value of exercise, and the function of the immune system in regards to achieving optimal health from a holistic point of view. In maintaining nutritional health, holistic practices find that it is important not only to consider the types of foods that are consumed, but to examine when food is consumed, what one does while eating, and the amount of food that is consumed (Eliopoulos, 2010). Health is dependent upon nutrition in that, if a person has dietary habits of eating foods that contain very little nutritional value, if they eat their meals quickly or on the go, or if they eat meals under stressful conditions, then the body, mind, and spirit will quickly be depleted instead of being energized in the way that food is supposed to refresh and replenish individuals (Eliopoulos,...
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...ESSAY 3 HEALTH IN THE TROPICS STATE OF THE TROPICS causes of mortality. Improvements in quality of life through improved health are harder to quantify accurately at scale. Life Expectancy Life expectancy is covered in detail elsewhere in the State of the Tropics, and reports that between 1950 and 2010 the gap between life expectancy in the Tropics and the Rest of the World has narrowed. Over this period life expectancy in the Tropics increased by 22.8 years to 64.4 years and infant mortality reduced by 36%. The rate of change of mortality and morbidity has increased over the last two decades influenced by a range of different factors. Underlying life expectancy data are aggregated data, collected by the WHO to document the changing patterns of mortality. Table E3.1 provides the top ten causes of mortality in rank order over the last decade. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for two-thirds of global deaths in 2011 and infectious diseases for one-third. In 2000 the relative proportions were 60% NCDs and 40% infectious diseases. This rapid shift reflects the massive scale up in recent efforts to prevent and treat a number of major infectious diseases. Although improvements in maternal and child mortality have been made these still remain unacceptably high. In 2011, 6.9 million children under the age of five died, 99% of these in low and middle income countries. Malaria, despite the enormous scale up in control activities still ...
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...cells known collectively as leukocytes or more commonly as white blood cells. Each cells is highly specialised and plays a critical role in the human response. One example is the HIV virus which infects and kills one particular type of immune cell which cause devastating consequences to the entire immune system. When the human body immune system invasion can lead to severe harm, the importance of understanding the structure and functions of this system may be seen as a vital role in combating the effect of these foreign substances. This essay will give some insight into the human IgG class structures and functions which is highly important in human defence system studies and show how these understanding can help in the development of potential antibody-based therapies. Antibodies is a group of protein which is involved in the immune response against foreign substance such as a virus. There are two types of defence features. In cellular immune response, T lymphocytes is a type of lymphatic cells which carries immunoglobulin-like molecules on their surface identify and destroy foreign cells. Humoral immune response[1] involves the B lymphocytes which is also a type of lymphatic cells which synthesise...
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...com/downloads/biol-301-human-health-and-disease-final-exam-answers/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com PLEASE follow the directions. Submit your answers (as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf) by using the table on the last page (e.g., 1.A, 2.B, 3.C, etc.) and returning only the TABLE by way of your Assignment Folder. Following the TABLE should be your ESSAY Question answers. 50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each. 10 Essay Questions. Choose 2 to answer at 20 points each. 50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each. 1. Dr. Sue Mi is interested in diseases of the retina. The field of study best suited to her interests is 2. physiology B. anatomy C. pathology D. bowling 2. There are numerous levels of organization in the body. The correct order from simplest to most complex is 3. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system B. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism 4. system, cell, organ, organism, tissue D. cell, system, tissue, organ, organism 3. The atomic number of sodium is 11. The sodium ion has a single positive charge (Na+). How many electrons does the sodium ion have? 4. 10 B. 11 5. 12 D. More information is required to answer this question. 4. The chemical category that includes fats and cholesterol is 5. proteins B. lipids C. carbohydrates D. solutions ...
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...com/downloads/biol-301-human-health-and-disease-final-exam-answers/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com PLEASE follow the directions. Submit your answers (as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf) by using the table on the last page (e.g., 1.A, 2.B, 3.C, etc.) and returning only the TABLE by way of your Assignment Folder. Following the TABLE should be your ESSAY Question answers. 50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each. 10 Essay Questions. Choose 2 to answer at 20 points each. 50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each. 1. Dr. Sue Mi is interested in diseases of the retina. The field of study best suited to her interests is 2. physiology B. anatomy C. pathology D. bowling 2. There are numerous levels of organization in the body. The correct order from simplest to most complex is 3. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system B. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism 4. system, cell, organ, organism, tissue D. cell, system, tissue, organ, organism 3. The atomic number of sodium is 11. The sodium ion has a single positive charge (Na+). How many electrons does the sodium ion have? 4. 10 B. 11 5. 12 D. More information is required to answer this question. 4. The chemical category that includes fats and cholesterol is 5. proteins B. lipids C. carbohydrates D. solutions ...
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...Task 211.4.4-01-05, 07-09, 11 Nervous System Organization of Nerve Tissue Lab Exercise 1: The Multipolar Neuron A. What is the function of a neuron? Neurons carry and transmit electrical impulses generated by both internal and external stimuli. B. What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve? Neurons are the cells that exchange messages from the internal and external environments. Nerves consist of many neurons that transmit different signals to the brain. They form structural and functional units of the nervous system made up of neurons. C. What gives a multipolar neuron its name? It is named multipolar because of the multiple branches, processes, and extensions that stem off the cell bodies. D. What are the functions of the dendrites and axons? Dendrites receive incoming signals for the nerve cell. Axons carry outgoing signals of the cells to other cells in the body. Exercise 2: Structures of selected neurons A. Which slide contained bipolar neurons? The pyramidal cell slide. B. Which slide contained unipolar neurons? The dorsal root ganglion slide. C. What was unique about the dorsal root ganglion compared to the other two slides? The dorsal root ganglion was more round in shape compared to the perkinje and pyramidal cell slides. The nissle substance, nucleus, and satellite cells...
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...The Effects of Smoking Smoking is one of the most common vices that some people have. For smokers, it has already become a part of their daily routine. In fact, the number of smokers has been dramatically increasing every year. In this essay, I will be discussing more about smoking with the hope of convincing smokers to consider quitting smoking. According to a news by the Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations (FAO), the number of smokers has increased from 1.1 billion to 1.3 billion worldwide which is equivalent to an increase of about 1.5% annually. If we are to count the tons of tobacco sold annually, it would reach about 7.1 million (“Higher world,” 2004). Given that fact, it is very disturbing and disappointing to know that this bad habit is slowly spreading to almost seven billion people worldwide like an epidemic. However, let us try considering some of the reasons why they smoke. Seeing their older relatives or their parents smoke makes them consider starting smoking as well. As a result, most teenagers think that smoking makes them look matured. Another reason why they smoke is peer pressure. If one’s group of friends is a group of smokers, there is a high possibility that he will also be influenced by them for the sake of fitting in. Minors also tend to be excited to try something new such as smoking. Some also consider smoking as their way of relieving from their personal problems; it is where they pour out all their stress. Lastly, they use...
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