...Hamstring strain Have you ever experience a hamstring strain? Do you know how unsafe it can be? One of the common groups of people to go through hamstring injuries, are athletes who indulge in sports that involve jumping and explosive sprinting. In addition of hamstring injuries, they can be very frustrating to deal and treat with. The hamstrings are composing of tendons that attach three large muscles, the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. These three muscles helps one knee to bend and extend to his or her hip; however, when one or more of these muscles gets stretched too far and starts to tear, it may cause plenty of pain due to the pulled hamstring. In the circumstance of having to go through a hamstring strain, his or her may experience many symptoms and signs. For example, if his or her feels a sharp pain and possibly a popping sensation at the back of his or her leg, it is probably a sign of a hamstring strain injury. Some symptoms that one may go through during this incident, is pain in the back of his or her thigh when they flex or extend their leg, tenderness, swelling, and bruising in the affected area, and lastly weakness in his or her leg that lasts for a long time after the injury. In the event of a particularly severe strain or complete tear, the victim injured may feel a gap in the torn muscle, which may cause difficulties to run, jump, stretch and possibly walk. In order...
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...Passive and Assistive Range of Motion Exercises Range of Motion Exercises Range of motion (ROM) exercises are done to preserve flexibility and mobility of the joints on which they are performed. These exercises reduce stiffness and will prevent or at least slow down the freezing of your joints as the disease progresses and you move less often. Range of motion is the term that is used to describe the amount of movement you have at each joint. Every joint in the body has a "normal" range of motion. Joints maintain their normal range of motion by being moved. It is therefore very important to move all your joints every day. Stiff joints can cause pain and can make it hard for you to do your normal daily activities. Each person with ALS needs a program of exercise tailored to his or her individual needs and abilities. With a prescription your doctor can either send you to an outpatient clinic to see a Physical Therapist or have one come to your home to help you design a personalized exercise program. The therapist will see you until you or your caregiver are independent with a home exercise program that you can follow through with daily. It is important to remember that as the disease progresses, the type of ROM exercises you will need will change. It is important to be proactive when this occurs and ask your doctor to write you another prescription to see a therapist so your home exercise program can be modified. There are different kinds of ROM exercises. There are stretching...
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...The patient stated that balancing at home with his eyes closed was getting much easier, he also performed one repetition of 30 seconds with very little sway, which was the justification for progressing the intervention. The patient's home exercise program was only modified by giving the patient a black Thera-tube © to perform closed kinetic chain terminal knee extension. The sixth treatment session included interventions that were added or modified. In addition to toe raises for gastrocnemius strengthening, bent knee toe raises were performed to strengthen the soleus. This was performed with the right leg with 20 pounds of resistance for two sets of 20. Weight was again increased for the leg press and toe raises to 110 pounds and 90 pounds respectively. These were both increased because the patient performed the previous weights with ease. The toe raises were also changed from single leg to bilateral. Active range of motion on the wobble board was progressed to standing on the wobble board during this treatment session. This progression is justified by the patient performing the seated wobble board exercise with ease. Standing on the wobble board progressed the exercise to a closed kinetic chain exercise to challenge proprioception (Bernier and Perrin, 1998). Body weight squats...
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...When executing a jump shot, I can better interpret and critique mechanics, from a sagittal perspective. Shooting a jump shot involves complete synchronization of the entire body and joints. The initiation of a jump shot, once the ball is caught your legs are in a position of abduction.In a downward motion with your lower extremity simultaneous flexion of the knees and hips, while your ankles are in a postion of dorsiflexion. If the shooter dominate is right-hand; their left hand is only there to guide the ball. The left and right shoulders are in adduction, prior to the release of the ball. While the left and right elbow are in the position of flexion. The ball is situated on the palma of the hand; and the wrist exhibits a position of extension....
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...SHOULDER FLEXION Test Position * Subject supine * Flatten lumbar spine (flex knees) * Shoulder no abduction, adduction or rotation * (note: to measure gleno-humeral motion, stabilize scapula) | Normal Range(for shoulder complex flexion) * 167o + or - 4.7o (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) * 150o (American Medical Association) * 166o (mean), 4.7o (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen) | Goniometer Alignment * Axis – center of humeral head near acromion process * Stationary arm – parallel mid-axillary line * Moving arm – aligned with midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle) | Normal End Feel * Muscle Stretch | SHOULDER EXTENSION Test Position * Subject prone * Shoulder no abduction, adduction or rotation * (note: to measure gleno-humeral motion, stabilize scapula) | Normal Range(for shoulder complex flexion) * 62o + or - 9.5o (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) * 50o (American Medical Association) * 62.3o (mean), 9.5o (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen) | Goniometer Alignment * Axis – center of humeral head near acromion process * Stationary arm – parallel mid-axillary line * Moving arm – aligned with midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle) | Normal End Feel * Capsular or ligamentous | SHOULDER MEDIAL (INTERNAL) ROTATION Test Position * Subject supine * Shoulder 90o abduction * Forearm neutral * Elbow flexed 90o * Stabilize arm | Normal Range * 69o + or -...
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...GQ Workout 10 push-ups Keep your fingers spread out, your stomach tight, and your hips in line with your shoulders. Go down until your nose hits the ground, and push back up until your arms lock. 10 dips Sit down on a chair or bench and cup your hands on the edge on either side of your thighs. Walk your legs out until you're no longer sitting and are supporting yourself on your hands. Using your arms, lower yourself in front of the chair, then push back up until your arms are fully extended. 30 lunges (15 each leg) Standing with your hands on your hips and your feet shoulder-width apart, take a normal stride out, bending your forward leg at a 90-degree angle. Your back leg should also be at a 90-degree angle, and you should not bang your knee on the ground. Keeping your stomach tight and your hips aligned with your shoulders, step back into your starting position and repeat with the other leg. 15 squat pops With your feet shoulder-width apart, squat, then jump into the air, reaching your arms for the ceiling. Once you land, bring your feet shoulder-width apart again and repeat. 15 full sit-ups Laying on your back with your feet on the ground, sit all the way up to your knees, either keeping your arms at your sides (but not using them to assist) or keeping them crossed over your chest to add resistance. Lower yourself back until your shoulder blades touch the ground, then repeat. 10 wall push-ups Face a wall with your feet shoulder-width apart. Extend your hands...
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...Range of motion is the distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position while properly attached to the body. Range of motion exercises refers to the act of attempting to increase the distances by stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain. Each specific joint has a normal range of motion that is expressed in degrees. Goniometer and Inclinometer are some of the devices used to measure range of motion in the joints of the body. As measurement results will vary by the degree of resistance, two levels of range of motion results are usually recorded. Limited range of motion refers to a reduction in a joints’ ability to move. This may be due to a mechanical problem with the specific joint or due to injury or diseases such as arthritis. Pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis can limit the range of motion of a particular joint and impair function and ability to perform usual daily activities. Range of motion exercises is ordered by a doctor and can help keep the joints and muscles healthy. These exercises are most convenient for those who spend plenty of time in bed or a wheelchair. They help prevent joints such as knees and elbows from getting locked and stiff. Range of motion exercises are not for building muscles. There are three types of range of motion exercises. Passive Range of Motion: The therapist or equipment moves the joint through the range of motion with no effort from the patient...
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...Chapter 4: Seating devices: Are general purpose extrinsic enabler (used in self care, work, school, play and leisure). Rehabilitation assistant: Job is to setup and adjust (functioning, technology and feedback) for client needs 3 Categories of seating intervention: 1) Postural control: Use physical skills or Mat assessment: (orthopedic measures, respiratory and circulatory). SUPINE Evaluation: starting with lumbar spine and pelvis, ROM of hips, knees, ankles, Upper extremities and neck. Alignment of head, shoulders, and trunk with pelvis. Sitting Evaluation: ROM and skeletal alignment (Important for TBI, ALS or motor control loss). Ask how much support needed to be comfortable. * Response to changes in posture. * Use MAT assessment for skin tissue integrity. * Avoid pressure behind knee * lateral aspects of knee, ankles and feet should not be in contact with the wheelchair. Contexts * Visual perception, Proprioception, tactile and vestibular contributes to balance and sitting posture. * Cognitive (safety, judgment) * Psychosocial ( behavior technology) * Environmental (social (family support) * Physical (outdoors indoors) * Institutional (funding, laws) consumer needs (match device, restraints) Review (Box 4-3) pg. 73. Kinematics: Study of motion/body in space. * Trunk to midline. * Velocity: rate of change in displacement. * Linear: same direction and rotational (movement in an angle) ...
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...Walking keeps many important muscle groups working and they are the key muscles that we need to use every day. It can actually be considered a full body exercise. Although the locomotion comes from the work the legs are doing, the arms still have to swing, and the core still has to work to stabilize us while we are moving. It is a sport that requires cardiovascular and muscular endurance. As we walk forward, we move our thighs and hips backward. This movement engages the gluteus muscles in the butt and a number of key muscles in our hamstrings. The hamstrings are a group of 3 posterior muscles working to flex the knee and extend the thigh. They all rise from the ishium, posterior to the hipbone and insert on the bone of the lower legs. These muscles include the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris. The walking forward motion also engages one other small muscle located at the top of our inner thigh, which is the adductor magnus. It is the largest and strongest of the adductor group. The second motion involved in walking is the action of moving our legs forward. This action engages all the major muscles in our thigh, including our quadriceps. These muscles are located in the front of our thighs, and this is also where another major muscle is engaged, our sartorius. This is the longest muscle in our body, and it stretches down from the top of our thigh, curving inside our thigh, ending at the inside part of the knee. The point where our hips and thighs meet will...
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...VACUUMING INTRODUCTION Vacuuming: nearly everyone is doing it! Unlike jumping a horse or throwing a curve-ball, vacuuming does not discriminate or limit itself to highly trained individuals or athletes. A vacuum cleaner, or commonly known as a vacuum, is typically an electric device that by means of suction collects dirt and small particles from a variety of surfaces. All it functionally requires is electricity, a vacuum cleaner appliance and a willing and able individual. This common invention is everywhere; household closets, hotels, general workplaces, restaurants and just about any other place that has carpeting or accumulates dust. 700 B.C. was the first noted appearance of woven forms of floor coverings and one could debate that primitive cleaning methods were developed thereafter (carpetandrugpedia.com). A cleaning method other than the traditional “carpet beater” was born in the mid-1800s. This time is known as the industrial revolution and was a critical in the invention of the vacuum cleaner. Factories were producing thousands of manufactured items and with it came an overwhelming amount of dust, soot and industrial pollution. This was also during the same time that infectious disease was being linked to germs. The need for hygiene and cleanliness was born and gave birth to the idea of the vacuum cleaner. By a patent issue date in 1860, Daniel Hess appears to have invented the first device to have the some of the basic principles of the modern vacuum. The...
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...Movement Analysis of Throwing a Ball Overhand Throwing a ball overhand involves a stride, hip rotation, trunk rotation and forward arm movement. 1. Phase A/B is a stride. Thrower stands sideways set towards target. When the opposite leg moves out and onto toes at the point of thrust. The pivot foot braces against the ground and provides stability for the subsequent movements. During this phase there is a natural rotation of the hip and the trunk rotation follows. The hips rotate before the trunk and due to the stretching of the torso muscles there is a stronger muscle contraction which allows you to throw with more force. The stride provides balance and stability throughout the act of throwing the ball, and all of the large muscle movements are gross motor skills. 2. Phase B/C Following the trunk rotation the throwing arm cocks back with the forearm in slight external rotation the arm moves into horizontal scapula adduction while grasping the ball tightly, using fine motor skills. 3. Phase C/D following the scapula horizontal adduction the throwing arm pushes forward into horizontal adduction, the elbow joint straightens and the thrower releases the ball. This is where the greatest forces are used to accelerate the ball. All, in the same instant, the throwing side the foot moves forward providing stability while the trunk and hip rotate forward. Phase A-B | | | | Joints Invovled | Movement | Prime Mover/Agonist Muscle | Plane of Movement | Ankle...
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...Muscle Roles and Contraction Types Concentric, eccentric and isometric? Agonist, antagonist, synergist and fixator? If you want to know what these terms mean in 'plain English' then it is all revealed right here. When it comes to training your personal training clients then understanding the different types of contractions that a muscle can perform is vital. It will help you ensure your programme designs are specific to your clients ability and goals as well as keeping them safe with good technique. Muscle contractions are classified according to the movements they cause and in fitness we are primarily concerned with the following three types of contraction: 1. Concentric contraction: Any contraction where the muscle shortens under load or tension is known as a concentric contraction. For example, the quadriceps muscles in the thigh contract concentrically (shorten) during the upward phase of the squat movement (in the direction of the arrow), as can be seen in the adjacent picture. 2. Eccentric contraction: Muscles not only ‘shorten’ but can also lengthen under load or tension. An eccentric contraction refers to any contraction where the muscle lengthens under load or tension. So in the squat exercise, the quadriceps muscles will contract eccentrically (lengthen) in the downward phase of the movement (the opposite direction of the arrow), as can be seen in the adjacent picture. 3. Isometric contraction: Muscles don’t actually need to move (shorten or lengthen) at...
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...In order for a human to perform any function their systems need to work in-line with each other to ensure that function is performed accurately and safely. For a person to perform a task as simple as kicking a football into a goal, the muscular, skeletal and nervous system must work in harmony. Starting with the central nervous system to initiate movement, voluntary messages are sent to the muscular system via the somatic motor division. These electrical signals are initiated by neurons in the brain and are sent thru the spinal column out through the peripheral nerves. The peripheral nerves transmit the information from the spinal cord to the hip to start the flexion required to pull the leg back and ultimately follow through to contact the ball. Receptors are meanwhile telling the nervous system one’s body position. Flexion of the hip is performed by the psosas major, psosas minor and iliacus or iliopsoas/hip flexors contracting working in conjunction with the hamstring or semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles staying relaxed. They then connect to the upper leg or femur. The contraction of the quadriceps or rather the four muscles that make up that muscle group the rectus femoris, vastus intermeius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis initiate movement of the lower leg. The lower leg or tibia and fibula is connected to the upper leg via the knee or patella. The knee extends due to these contractions and moves the tibia and fibula. The lower leg connects...
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...Product Bullet Points: Targeted compression support Relieves stiff and sore thigh muscles Adjustable fit fastener system Lightweight breathable neoprene blend Versatile low-profile design 60 day guarantee Product Features: COMPRESSION SUPPORT Targeted support for hamstring, quadriceps or groin to prevent reinjury and retain therapeutic heat to increase circulation and promote quicker recovery times COMFORTABLE NONSLIP FIT Lightly textured inner lining keeps the support securely in place throughout any activity without sliding, bunching or rolling ADJUSTABLE FIT BRACE Customize the amount of compression with dual fastening straps for a comfortable fit for thigh circumferences up to 27” BREATHABLE NEOPRENE BLEND Lightweight, the latex-free blend wicks away moisture and contains multiple ventilation holes to keep the thigh cool and dry VERSATILE DESIGN Suitable for both men and women, the slim brace is easily worn over or under clothing MACHINE WASHABLE Machine washable for added convenience FAQ: Can I use this on my calf as well? Because the support is sized to fit the thigh, it may not provide adequate compression on smaller calf sizes. The calf support is designed to effectively support the calf, alleviating shin splints and calf pain. How long is the brace top to bottom? The thigh support is 12” top to bottom. Will it stay in place while I’m jogging? Yes! The support is secured with two extra strength fastening straps and has a lightly textured nonslip liner ensuring...
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...two articulating bones – the humerus and the scapula. The action is horizontal hyperextension. The agonist muscle are the posterior deltoids and the latissimus dorsi. The articulating bones in the elbow are the humerus and the ulna. The action is extension and the agonist muscle is the triceps brachii. The joints and articulating bones involved in the throwing phase are the same as the preparatory phase. The action in the throwing phase in the shoulder is horizontal flexion and the agonist muscles are the anterior deltoids and the pectoralis major. The action in the elbow is flexion and the agonist muscle is the biceps brachii. Example two – kicking a football...
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