...The rule of Law establishes the way Australia is governed. The law should be applied to all people equally and fairly, no matter what race, gender or age. Within Australia people have the right to a fair trial and are judged by their peers. They also have the right to be told what the law means so that it is certain and clear for all people equally no matter their cultural background, religious or economic status. In Australia the rule of law allows all people to have independent legal advice and to be presumed innocent and to have a fair and public trial. Within society, all people should be treated with respect and dignity and all states must follow their legal obligations. In the Bernard Finnigan case there were several aspects of the Rule of Law that were upheld. Finnigan was clear and certain as to what the law meant and would have known that he was committing an offence. Although in court his defense lawyer, Michael Abbott was suggesting that Finnigan wasn’t deliberately searching for the illegal content. It was clear in the article that the law was...
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...Prime Minister and Finance Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said on Friday that the purpose of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) was to ensure that "the tax system is fair". Speaking at a Channel NewsAsia forum on Friday evening with panelists from different segments, the minister explained that "most of the taxes are paid by those who are better off and the benefits are received by those less well off." Referring to the new permanent GST voucher introduced in this year's Budget, Tharman said it was meant to "help them (lower income families) to bear daily and medical cost, quite apart from topping up their income through workfare and improving the subsidies". The voucher will fully offset the 7 per cent GST that the lower half of retiree households pay on their expenses. The GST voucher will come in the form of cash, U-Save and Medisave top-ups. In the last five years, the voucher had been done on a temporary basis "so people can see it with their own eyes and they get to understand the whole nature of the tax system that this is a clear fair tax system — I'm getting something back if I'm poor," said Tharman. "If I'm rich, you don't get anything back because your job is to pay some taxes for the betterment of society, that's the logic behind it." Panelists at the forum also shared their concerns on whether our society cared enough for the elderly, among other issues discussed. "I wanted to make sure that people don't get away thinking the only reason that we want the elderly...
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...chose to discuss, ‘Business Ethics in Australia and New Zealand1’ and ‘Business Ethics in Japan.” This paper will provide a brief summary of both articles and try to explain some of the primary ethical perspectives of the countries. In the contents of this paper there will also be a discussion on how the articles contribute to understanding global ethical perspectives and will briefly describe the similarities and differences of the business ethics in these two countries and the United States. Although the first article is titled ‘Business Ethics in Australia and New Zealand’ I will discuss only Australia as New Zealand is considered a separate country. Australia This article discusses the effects of the scandals of the 80’s and extending into the 90’s on Australia and New Zealand as both countries have always claimed to be open, fair and honest societies and the scandals that erupted during the 80’s and 90’s shocked the people of Australia exposing the corruption and dereliction of duty that existed where they felt none did. These scandals brought to light the need for ethical codes within the private and government businesses within Australia, however chief executives and senior government officials still are finding it difficult to accept that they are role models and are expected to uphold higher standards within the community. The focus of ethical values within Australia is on specific ethical values such as integrity, fair dealing and only on certain ethical dilemmas...
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...Why Do We Need Laws? Laws are very important in our lives today, in Australia we see laws, rules, and regulations that just about cover anything. If everyone could do as they wished, our society would be in pieces, a situation called anarchy, a state of becoming problematic and dysfunctional as a result of the absence or non-recognition of laws. Not everyone agrees with every single law but, they are put in place for a number of reasons; to maintain justice; to prevent chaos; to keep a stable economy; to set a standard of living; to protect us; to sustain equality; to sustain peace; to keep a society in balance; being ethical; to maintain fairness and rights; to prevent corruption. The first reason there is a need for laws is to preserve and maintain justice, as a society needs a fair system where no one is better than the next when committing crimes. Every one should be given a fair trial, whether they are guilty or not. Likewise, those who are guilty should be punished accordingly and get what they deserve as well as the exact crime having the exact punishment. In some situations, where even the most developed countries get it wrong, ethnicity and race are often strong motivators for the injustice either for the victim or prosecuted. In...
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... Marcos Vinicius Steluti Gulin PROCEDURE 1.a The country that I chose to import products into Australia was Brazil. The area field was food and the product is the acai berry. PRODUCT The fruit, commonly known as açaí berry, is a small, round, black-purple drupe about 1 inch (25 mm) in circumference, similar in appearance to a grape, but smaller and with less pulp and produced in branched panicles of 500 to 900 fruits. In the general Brazilian consumer market, açaí is sold as frozen pulp, juice, or an ingredient in various products from beverages, including grain alcohol, smoothies, foods, cosmetics and supplements. In Brazil, it is commonly eaten as Açaí na tigela (acai in the bowl). Information taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD_palm DRIVERS OF CHOICE The reason for choosing the acai product for import into the Australian market, are: 1- Australians generally care about health and has an interest in natural products. 2- The climate of Australia is hot, making the product suitable for the Australian market. 3- Acai is an original product of Brazil, which makes it interesting and new to the Australian public. The purpose of business is to buy fruit and turn it into finished product, packaged and prepared for consumption in Brazil. And soon after that industrialization, sends him to Australia by refrigerated containers. The great strength of the business is the low cost of fruit, labor and product...
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...“A nigger-lover is just one of those terms that don't mean anything—like snot-nose. It's hard to explain—ignorant, trashy people use it when they think somebody's favouring Negroes over and above themselves. It's slipped into usage with some people like ourselves, when they want a common, ugly term to label somebody” .These words of wisdom are displayed in Harper lee’s famous 1960s book to kill A Mocking Bird. It was voted 4th most popular book in Australia. The book focuses on the observations of the author (scout) when a young African American man Tom Robinson is accused of rape by a white woman and is defend by white upper class man Atticus finch the father of scout in the fictional town of Maycomb. Even though Australia has made a big achievement in efforts to bring equality in our community racism still exists. Social teachings and behaviours from the early 1900s still resonate today in modern society as 1 in 5 children are racially abused every day and 1 in 5 people in Australia have experienced racism. Making To kill a mocking Bird relevant in today’s society as it mirrors the imperfections in our society....
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...Organization culture are powerful forces that drives a organization towards succes. In this report we will be discussing about the cultural and critical approaches that we see in Organization behaviour. In recent years due to globalization they have been may Multinational companies that have set by office around the world. They employee various people from different background, culture, Society to work in there companies. This report tries to understand how the organization culture and power of an organization impact there employees. For this report Deloitte Australia is take and its organization culture and power are studied and its observations are reported in this report. 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose and Scope “Organization culture is not just another piece of the puzzle, it is the puzzle. Culture is not something an organization has; a culture is something an organization is.”( Pancnowsky & O’Donnell-Trujillo, cited in Brown 1995) The purpose of this report is to study the cultural and critical approach of Deloitte Australia. The first step is to examine the Cultural Approach of Deloitte by applying the theories of Deal and Kennedy’s “Strong Culture”, Peter and Waterman’s “Excellent Culture” and Schein’s Model of Organizational Culture by interpreting them and gain a subjective understanding of the...
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...and growth. It is commonly debated about the ‘fairness’ of income distribution and what can be done to increase equality amongst all classes of society. This report will argue that the current distribution of income in Australia is not ‘fair’, and that the gap between the top and bottom level income groups can, and should be reduced. It will provide a detailed synopsis on what income distribution is, and the level of income inequality in Australia, with methods to increase equality in distribution of income detailed throughout the report. Income distribution is “national income divided...
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...The changing role of women in Australia has come about largely through waves of feminism. The first wave brought women the vote in federal and State elections. The colonies began to grant manhood suffrage halfway through the nineteenth century, however, women were not included in the begining. When Australia reached Federation in 1901, it was agreed that all women should be given the vote at a federal level since women from South Australia and Western Australia already had a State vote. In 1902 all women were given the vote in federal elections except for those who were Indigenous Australians, or of Asian, African or Pacific Islander descent. Despite the enfranchisement, no woman was elected to an Australian parliament until 1921. The first federal female parliamentarians were not elected until 1943. This is just one example of how enfranchisement fell short of truly improving the lives of Australian women or changing attitudes about them. Women were still seen as nurturers who had no other destiny than to marry and raise children. The few women who did work (excluding the wealthy who were involved in voluntary work) not only had to find paid work, but also had to carry the burden of all housework and child-rearing. The notion of what jobs a woman could do expanded during World War I, but women's role in public life was still very limited. Factors which brought about the women's movement Contrary to popular belief, women's groups and activists remained active throughout the...
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...Victoria Lansen, an aboriginal single mom, who after facing much struggle, completed her Year 12 graduation from Gunbalanya School in West Arnhem Land on January 21,2016. The second was of another aboriginal teenager from Goldfields-Esperance region, Western Australia, who took his own life just two days after, becoming one of the at least five people in the Goldfields-Esperance region who have committed suicide in the past two months leading up to Christmas. The journey of the 17 year old Ms. Lansen, who comes from a remote Aboriginal town, has not been easy but in the interview to (1) ABC News she stated that she could cope owing to the support from family, friends and range of core local services. Her environment was in contrast to that of the troubled youth whose death highlights the sense of hopelessness, radicalized and economic inequality. The deceased youth’s uncle, Trevor Donaldson, is demanding a safe house set up for troubled aboriginal youth in Goldfields, Western Australia. The human rights issue which can be seen in the light of just these two unbiased media reports is how presence or absence of some core local services can change the direction in which the life takes the Aboriginals in this case. (2) Western Australia leads the Aboriginal suicide rates, with 35.8 per 100,000 Aboriginal populations, the major drivers for suicide among Aboriginals being disempowerment, poverty and racism. The Issue The bigger human rights issue that I see here is exclusion of Aboriginal...
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...Legal Studies Essay "The only factor that a judge should consider when sentencing is the nature of the crime committed”. Discuss the validity of this statement. The Criminal Law (Sentencing Act) 1988 determines that during the process of sentencing an offender, the nature of any indictable offence must be taken into account by a judge, along with a range of aggravating and mitigating factors. Essentially the judge must order a sentence that is fair considering the gravity of the offence and the particular circumstances of the offender; this is known as the "principle of proportionality". Comprised of objective and subjective factors, aggravation and mitigation factors often encompass key aspects of a judge's ruling - as evident in most sentencing remarks; they play a pivotal role in ensuring that each guilty individual is sentenced appropriately. As outlined in section 29A of the South Australian Criminal Law (Sentencing Act) of 1988, the court may “indicate an appropriate range of penalties for a particular offence or offences of a particular class” and “indicate how particular aggravating or mitigating factors (or aggravating or mitigating factors of a particular kind) should be reflected in sentence.” True justice, in terms of sentencing, can only be achieved if consideration is given to the offender's criminal history, personal circumstances, and post-crime actions: the nature of the offender as well as the nature of the crime must be considered by the judge. As made...
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...the time, the Taliban had been hunting for young men to either recruit or kill. Chaman then spent three years in the Nauru processing centre. It was a time of uncertainty, and as with many other asylum seekers, he became increasingly anxious and desperate” 1 Chama’s Story is just one of many for asylum seekers who seek refuge here in Australia. They come to our country expecting safety and freedom alongside the most basic human right. Yet when they arrive they are imprisoned and treated as criminals. It is clear that the laws surrounding this issue are in dire need of change. Australia is a country well known for its diversity of beliefs and religions, it is said to be accepting of others, however, when the topic of asylum seekers is brought forth, the government and media portrays the need for border protection, and “stopping the boats”. This type of hostile political enforcement and negative media coverage only furthers the portrayal of refugees as something fear, in the mind of most Australians. However, although it is not widely broadcasted by the Government or media, Australia has a legal obligation to help asylum seekers under the United Nations Refugee Convention 1951, to which Australia is signatory. According to the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, amended by the 1967 Protocol (the Refugee Convention) defines who is a refugee and what basic rights countries must provide to them. According to Article 1 of the Refugee Convention it...
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...Comparative HRM: China and Australia * Introduction Over the last few decades, as a rising number of globalisation of business transactions and organisations are seeking to develop and operate in foreign markets, the need for comparative human resource management studies are increased (Brewster & Mayrhofer (eds.) 2012), there are a lot of differences in HRM in different countries and regions, such as institutional culture, organisational structures, recruitment and development and relation of employee (Crystal & Iles 2013). The comparative human resource management provides a better understanding of different national settings on the management task (Hollinshead 2010). Two countries from different institutional and legal systems which are China and Australia will be comparatively analysed in this essay. Firstly, the overview of both countries and culture dimensions will be analysed. Secondly, three HR features will be outlined respectively include culture, organisational structures, and the content of Human Resource Management. in addition, a critical evaluation will be given for how and why these features in these two countries developed in the way that they have. Moreover, a comparative analysis of how HRM has developed in each country will be given, as well as that approach to HRM. * Background and Different Culture between China and Australia The study of the influences of culture is a key role in HRM (Brewster & Mayrhofer (eds.) 2012). Moreover, due...
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...In Australian society today it is very common for people to meet over a cup of coffee in a cafe. This essay will firstly touch on the history of the growing of coffee and its consumption. The essay will then explore the rituals and relationships that occur through café culture and link this to Symbolic Interactionism as well as discuss coffee in relation to Globalisation Theory, and in particular to Ritzer’s McDonaldisation theory. It will conclude with the argument that the consumption of coffee is not only limited to people’s enjoyment of flavour or the feeling that caffeine provides, but is a social interaction in itself. Coffee is native to the mountains of Ethiopia, with the first historical records of it being roasted and brewed by the 1500’s. According to Mark Pendergrast, author of Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World, the general consensus is that coffee beans were then transported from Ethiopia, across the Red Sea to Yemen. For a time no fertile beans were exported, but an Indian pilgrim took fertile seeds to India and began the growing of coffee plants. The consumption of coffee then spread to England and to Europe by 1650. It is said that by the year 1700 there were over 2000 coffee house in London alone (ABC Rear Vision, 2009). Coffee beans are now grown in the area between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, in countries which are (mostly) developing. According to the International Coffee Organisation, Brazil produced and...
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...It is often questioned as to whether the Australian justice system is fair, affordable and accessible. However, for many citizens, the legal system is failing on all fronts. Key issues faced by the justice system include equity under the rule of law, barriers to equal justice, eligibility for the poor or disadvantaged and financial burden placed on those seeking a just outcome through the Australian justice system. Each of these issues hinder individuals seeking justice. By understanding these issues and addressing them from a proper standpoint, improvements can be made and solutions can be found. It is a core principle of the rule of law that justice must be equally accessible by all Australians (Ellis 2013). The term ‘access to justice’...
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