...8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance Prospects and Problems of Islamic Banking from Bank’s Perspective: A Study of Bangladesh Dr. Muhammad Z Mamun 1 This paper focuses on the prospect and growth potentials of Islamic banks in Bangladesh as perceived by Islamic and conventional bankers. The study noted that there is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principals set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment/ productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The Islamic banking sector is, however, criticized on several grounds by the Conventional bankers. The banks are believed not to apply the rules of Shariah completely. Islamic banks are said to include interest in their dealings to compete effectively with the Conventional banks. Moreover, conventional banks offering Islamic banking as a parallel service are thought to do so only to add to their profitability, by attracting people who value the Shariah based system by enjoying the advantages of the special treatments from the Central bank. According to the survey, suitable and supportive legal framework would facilitate better growth of this sector. Moreover, the lack of an inter-bank money market and sufficient supportive and link institutions in the sector, act...
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...ISLAMIC FINANCE: CAN IT BE A REMEDY FOR FINANCIAL CRISES? I. INTRODUCTION The financial system is at the heart of the modern economy. When this system works well, it enables to allocate resources that maximize the productivity of the economy. On the contrary when it does not work properly, the whole economy starts to decline. Because financial system must be considered as an in-built part of real economy in terms of credit mechanism. The recent global financial crisis began in August 2007 and after this time it spread gradually to the financial markets in the world. Although it is not severe as in its beginning phase but recovery is not but its aftershock is still going on. There has been numerous research conducted by many economists and analysts. According to the many of these studies, risky transactions, lack of surveillance, and greed that underlie this financial crisis. The relationship between Islamic finance and the financial crises has been discussed by many authors in some of these research. All those works has been done after the beginning of the global financial crisis. Thanks to its strength aspects include risk sharing mechanism, strict Sharia governance rules, tighter supervision and transparency policy, almost all of these works have been concluded that Islamic finance may make significant contributions to prevent financial crises like the current one. Also the reality of the limited impact of the current global financial crisis on Islamic Finance-based institutions...
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...Islamic Banking and Finance: History Development Slide #1 Some Issues History Of IBF Development of IBF -Overview- 2. Islamic Banking and Finance: History and Development History and Development of IBF in Bahrain Full Fledged IB vs. IB windows • Word ‘bank’ comes from the word ‘banco’ - A table or a bench on which Italian money-changers used to display their monies and records and conduct their transactions History of Islamic Banking and Finance • Arabic financial and economic system preIslam – Trading based arrangements were common • Bay’ al-musawamah (bargaining) • Bay’ al-muzayadah (auctioning) • Bay’ al-amanah (trust sale) – Al-murabahah (resale with profit) – Al-tawliyyah (resale at cost) – Al-wadiah (resale at loss or below cost) History of IBAF- (2) – Barter trade was common – Al-sarf (money exchange) • Lack of standardization – for e.g., 10 grams of gold in coin form = 15 grams of gold in bracelet form – Institutionalization of riba – Widespread gharar and maysir – Monopoly, fraud and economic injustice was common History of IBAF- (3) • With the advent of Islam, – Eradication of riba institutions and practices – Eradication of gharar transactions – Institutionalization of fair and equitable markets • No monopoly, fraud • Standardization of money and commodity exchanges – Hadith on the six commodities – Islamization of many business organizations and institutions • Mudarabah, musyarakah, salam, muzara’ah (sharecropping or partnership...
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...Islamic Financing for Large Infrastructure Projects Jasper Camacho International Financial Mgmt, Section 1 Fall 2005 Summary This paper examines the growing Islamic finance market and how it is becoming an important source of capital to fund infrastructure projects in the Muslim world. The paper starts by introducing basic tenants of Islamic finance and the problems as it relates to large capital projects. Innovations in Islamic project financing are then introduced along with the complexity that those have to innovations address. The paper concludes with a description of selected recent infrastructure development projects that use Islamic financing. Islamic Project Development Needs Increasing population throughout the Muslim world and the appetite for demand in investment for infrastructure in Muslim populated countries has led an increase need for capital that conforms to Islamic standards (see exhibit 1 for list of Organization of Islamic Countries).1 In many of these countries especially in the Middle East, Central Asia and South East Asia, oil and natural gas deposits push the need for companies to build extraction, transport and refining capacity. In developing countries such as the ones in Africa, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, there is an increasing need for electricity and water desalination stations. These projects are capital especially capital intensive in nature. Islamic Financing Basics Islamic financing is the method of financing that complies with the Shari’ah...
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...functioning of conventional “Western” banking, but has also increased the attention on Islamic banking.1 Academics and policy makers alike point to the advantages of Shariah-compliant financial products, as the mismatch of short-term, on-sight demandable deposits contracts with long-term uncertain loan contracts is mitigated with equity elements. In addition, Sharia-compliant products are very attractive for segments of the population that demand financial services that are consistent with their religious beliefs. However, little academic evidence exists on the functioning of Islamic banks, as of yet. This paper describes some of the most common Islamic banking products and links their structure to the theoretical literature on financial intermediation. Specifically, we discuss to which extent Islamic banking products affect the agency problems arising from information asymmetries between lender and borrower or investor and manager of funds. Second, we compare the business model, efficiency, asset quality and stability of Islamic banks and conventional banks, using an array of indicators constructed from balance sheet and income statement data. In separate regressions, we focus specifically on the relative performance of both bank groups during the recent crisis. While there is a large practitioner literature on Islamic finance, in general, and specifically Islamic banking, there are few academic papers. Cihak and Hesse (2010) test for the stability of Islamic compared...
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...our 5th International Islamic Capital Market Forum. I wish to express my appreciation to all of you for taking time off from your busy schedules to join us today. To all our distinguished speakers, thank you for graciously accepting our invitation to share your thoughts and views at this Forum. 2. Much has been said and continues to be said about the foothold which Islamic finance has gained in the international financial landscape. A range of proof points support this contention and justify further projections of the growth trajectory of Islamic finance in the coming decades. Page 1 of 9 We have achieved double-digit growth rates for various components of Islamic finance including sukuk, fund management and Islamic banking, whether at the national, regional or international levels. Additionally there has been increasing acceptance of Islamic finance not only in the Muslim-majority countries but also in certain predominantly non-Muslim jurisdictions. We have also witnessed the growing size of funds seeking Shariah-compliant investments and the increasing participation of multi-national corporations, multi-lateral institutions and conventional institutions in sukuk issuances. 3. It is not my intention today to revisit the benefits of Islamic finance or restate the pre-conditions for its further growth. As I have alluded to, these are welldocumented and well-known to all. Instead I would like to share my thoughts on just two aspects of Islamic finance which make up the theme...
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...Thisis paper focuses on the prospect and growth potentials of Islamic banks in Bangladesh as perceived by Islamic and conventional bankers. The study noted that there is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principals set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment/ productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The Islamic banking sector is, however, criticized on several grounds by the Conventional bankers. The banks are believed not to apply the rules of Shariah completely. Islamic banks are said to include interest in their dealings to compete effectively with the Conventional banks. Moreover, conventional banks offering Islamic banking as a parallel service are thought to do so only to add to their profitability, by attracting people who value the Shariah based system by enjoying the advantages of the special treatments from the Central bank. According to the survey, suitable and supportive legal framework would facilitate better growth of this sector. Moreover, the lack of an inter-bank money market and sufficient supportive and link institutions in the sector, act as impediments to growth of Islamic banking. Also, banks perceive the availability of training and education on Islamic banking to be inadequate in Bangladesh. To deliver superior...
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...between Islamic Finance and conventional Finance principles. In order to do this, firstly it is necessary to determine the scope and establish some of the fundemental concepts that define Islamic Finance, or "Sharia compliant banking" as it is often referred to. After this, it will be possible to discuss some of the advantages that Islamic Finance institutions have over the typical conventional banks. As of 2014, Islamic Financial institutions represented around 1% of the total assets throughout the world, with an estimated value of around $2 trillion. There exist in the region of around 300 institutions throughout the world that adopt a financial approach dictated by the principles of Islam. This number has been growing as a result of the financial crash in 2008 where many conventional banks faced liquidity issues; investors disillusioned with the performance and practices of conventional banks increasingly sought to invest their assets with Islamic Finance institutions. However, the fact that only 1% of institutions currently adopts the Islamic Finance approach shows that conventional banking methods are still more popular with investors and institutions alike. Most of the Islamic Finance institutions are based in the Middle East, but there has been a significant increase in Islamic Finance institutions in the main financial centres of this world (London, Shanghai and New York). The following table displays some of the similarities and differences between Islamic and conventional...
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...Islamic Finance is a financial system that doesn’t work like other conventional banking systems. It follows the Islamic law, Shariah, which doesn’t allow certain aspects of a normal banking system such as usury and speculation. There are some main principles to be followed in Islamic banking. First of all, it prohibits interest, or Riba. Riba is forbidden in Islam, and therefore Islamic banking system adopts the principle of profit and loss sharing. It also prohibits uncertainty, gambling, and prohibits certain products and industries such as alcohol and tobacco. Islamic Finance needs to be in accordance with the Shariah. All products and contracts follow Islamic principles that conventional financial systems do not, such as interest and risk sharing, and uncertainty. Conventional financial systems have never worked this way and it worked for them for many years until they were hit by the financial crisis. The crisis had a minimal impact on the Islamic financial systems because they did not comply with all the factors that created the crisis in the first place. There were 3 main factors in the creation of the financial crises. First, subprime loans, which was lending to certain people who did not have a good credit history and were bound to default. The banks than charged them with higher rates that increased their risk of defaulting. Secondly, there was securitization, which was creating securities from un-liquid assets. This process is used by banks to create securities from...
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...Research Proposal on Islamic Banking Table of Contents TOC \o 1-2 1) Research Title PAGEREF _Toc \h 3 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question PAGEREF _Toc1 \h 3 3) Literature Review Outline and Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc2 \h 5 3.1) Introduction PAGEREF _Toc3 \h 5 3.2) Background of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc4 \h 5 3.3) Features of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc5 \h 6 3.4) Determination of Whether Islamic Banking is a Matter of Semantics PAGEREF _Toc6 \h 8 3.5) Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc7 \h 10 4) Ethical Considerations PAGEREF _Toc8 \h 10 References PAGEREF _Toc9 \h 12 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc10 \h 17 1) Research Title “Islamic Banking: A Matter of Semantics?” 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question Islamic banking is denoted as a banking system, which is mainly governed by the principles that have been formulated by the Islamic Shariah (Hasan, 2012). In general, the term Islamic banking is not only typically based on evading internet-based transactions that are strictly prohibited under the law of Shariah, but also discards any sort of unsocial or unethical practices (Ahmed, 2011). With this concern, it can be affirmed that Islamic banking is regarded as the procedure of transforming predictable money lending into transactions that are fundamentally based upon real as well as tangible services (El-Gamal, 2006). This banking...
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...undertaken to provide an overview of previous studies related to this particular study. The first section starts with the Principles of Islamic Banking and a description of the products. The next one consists of studies indicating the relief provided by Islamic Microfinance institutions globally. The remaining sections comprise of the factors affecting the demand of Islamic financial products namely, awareness, religious factors and trust among parties. The last sections include the Mauritian government’s assistance in introducing Islamic Finance in the country and measures taken to set high standards and women empowerment. 2.1.1 Products...
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...1.0 Abstract Islamic Finance is an abstract concept until the first half of the twentieth century. In Malaysia, it has been almost three decades when the first Islamic bank makes its debut. Islamic banks have to compete with its competitors which is a conventional banks which have longer history than Islamic banks. For this competition, Islamic Finance have to know the awareness, understanding and perceptions of Malaysians towards it. Islamic Finance not only available for Muslims, but it also available for non-Muslims as well. In Malaysia, 40% of the population is non-Muslims and hence non-Muslims market is equally important to Islamic Finance (Bashir & Mail, 2011; Latiff, 2007). The purpose of this research is to examine the level of awareness, understanding and perceptions of Muslims in Malaysia of Islamic Banking products and services. In additional, this study also aims to investigate if any demographic influence it’s means the structure of population of the awareness, understanding and perceptions of Islamic Finance products and services among Muslims in Malaysia. A total of 50 respondents from different course and carrier in Unikl are selected for the purpose of this study. For the analysis, we used the primary data and Secondary data was adopted to analyse the results. The results show that more than half of the respondents are aware of the Islamic Finance in Malaysia but they do not aware of most of the products and services offered by Islamic banks. Muslims understanding...
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...ISLAMIC BANKING SYSTEM & PRODUCTS Name Course Instructor Institution Date Islamic banking Introduction Over the past decades, Islamic banking has expanded into a distinctive and fast growing competitive substitute to conventional banking in many countries. Despite the rapid expansion of the Islamic banking system in recent years, little is however understood of how it differs from conventional banking systems, especially in the non Muslim world. Although Islamic banking works in accordance with the Islamic laws (shariah), in other countries, they are allowed to operate incomparably with the conventional banks that are interest based. The desire of Muslim communities to reorganize their social economic activities, and revival of financial institutions such as Zakah on an interest free basis can be said to be the main drivers to the development of Islamic baking over the past (Wilson, 1994: 110). Nevertheless, Islamic banking is not a religious product as it may insinuate, but it can rather be understood as a series of growing financial products that are developed with the aim of meeting the requirements of Islamic culture and its people (Sole, J. A., 2007: 6). Thus theses systems have developed so as to enable Muslims to invest savings and equally raise finance without compromising their religious and ethical practices. In order to comprehend the fundamental principles of operation of the Islamic banking system, it is thus necessary to understand what it is. There is...
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...Jurnal £kollomi Malaysia 35 (2001) 61 - 68 Interest Rate and Loan Supply: Islamic Versus Conventional Banking System Liza Marwati Mohd Yusoff Aisyah Abdul Rahman Norazlan Alias ABSTRACT This paper attempts to explore the effect of interest rate 011 loan supply of Islamic banking alld Convemional banking system. The analysis segregated the Islamic and COllvellfional banking system imo commercial bank, finance company alld merchant bank. Overnight alld 3 month Klibor are llsed as interest proxy. Unit root test, Granger Causality test, Akaike Information Criterion and Regression analysist are IIsed in the study. The results of Granger Causality test indicate that the growth of overnight Klibor ca uses changes in the growth of Islamic and Conventional loan of Mercham Banks significantly and from the regression analysis, it is confirm that Islamic and Conventional loan growth of merchant bank are significantly positive related to overnight Klibor. INTRODUCTION The additional amo}Int a borrower pays a lender, over and above the borrowed sum (principal) is commonl y called interest. This interest depends on the size of the principal and the length of time the borrower takes to repay the principal and interest. For this reason, and for computational convenience, interest is usually expressed in terms of percentage per annum and is called the rate of interest. In banks there are three players. The players are the bank, the depositor and the borrower. The depositor places...
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...ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING PRACTICE Abstract: A major negative feature of Capitalism is it helps rich and neglects poor. The movement of Capitalism is helped by interest based banking. Interest based banking is strives to secure their provided fund and get the profit without taking any risk. Such activities are helpful for those who have asset to prove that they are secure for any fund to be provided. To change this type of philosophy profit based bank is a very strong competitive at the market, which bear the risk to make the profit. There have many problems on the way of operation of profit based bank. In which area verity of religion is present among the people the problem is stronger. Many people take it easily because it is the part of their religion and many people refuse it because it has no importance in their religion. In Sylhet Islamic Banking faces many problem in operation. Introduction: Sylhet is the city in northeastern part of Bangladesh having variety of people from different religions. Sylhet is a holy place for both Muslim and Hindus. Followers of Different religions in this city are: Muslim 81.16%, Hindu 17.80%, Christian 0.06%, Buddhist 0.02% and others 0.96%[6]. Remittance is the key element of the economic growth of Sylhet the money is sent by the people living abroad from the city. The commercial banks have deposits of 4,000 crore taka in Sylhet [7] .They distribute this deposits among the people seeking loans. In Sylhet city...
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