...Over the last few years Kazakhstan has implemented foreign policies aimed to improve relations with a vast array of new geopolitical actors, besides common partners such as Russia, on which the Central Asian country was formerly heavily dependent. Using its huge potential in the hydrocarbon industry, Kazakhstan has managed to rise above all other Central Asian states in terms of political and economic importance and has turned its eyes to China as an important and powerful partner for cooperation in the economic, political, and security spheres. This article on Kazakhstan and China was written by Fabio Belafatti, and originally published by our knowledge partner "Equilibri" at the following address: http://www.equilibri.net/nuovo/sites/default/files/focus_belafatti_china%20kazakhstan.pdf The “Kazakh path” (with its contradictions) and Kazakh-Chinese relations In recent years Kazakhstan has become an important actor in regional international relations in Central Asia. The country's improvements have been underscored by international observers in many occasions. It is undeniable that compared to the rest of the region, Kazakhstan shows much higher levels of development. In purely macroeconomic terms, Kazakhstan’s economy is the largest in Central Asia and has shown very high growth levels for many years, recovering very fast when hit by the world economic crisis. In broader terms, Kazakhstan’s success is underscored by the fact that it is the only country in the region...
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...type-written assignment Student: Aliaskar Batyrbek Student ID: NE/WICKL/UWIC/BABS/1011/0117 Assignment Topic: An investigation study of development of oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 2.1 Country Profile 4 2.2 History of industry 4 3 Research Objectives 5 4 Literature Review 6 4.1 Geographic Factor 6 4.1.1 Major Oilfields 8 4.1.2 Export Operating Pipelines 9 4.2 Government Policies 11 4.3 Financial Factor and R&D Factor 12 4.4 Market Prospects 14 4.4.1 Market players 14 4.4.2 Production 15 4.4.3 Consumption 16 5 Research Methodology 18 6 Time Scale / Gantt Chart 19 7 References 20 Figure 1 4 Figure 2 (KMG, 2012) 5 Figure 3 (BP, 2012) 5 Figure 4 (European Dialogue, 2012) 6 Figure 5 (BP, 2012) 6 Figure 6 (CIA, 2012) 8 Figure 7 (Centre for Global Energy Studies, 2012) 9 Figure 8 (Centre for Global Energy Studies, 2012) 9 Figure 9 (The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2012) 10 Figure 10 (S. Arkhipov., W. Brennan., G. Elfond., N. Lv., A. Omarova., 2010) 12 Figure 11 (BP, 2012) 14 Figure 12 (BP, 2012) 14 Figure 13 (BP, 2012) 15 Figure 14 (BP, 2012) 15 Figure 15 (EIA, 2012) 15 Figure 16 17 Figure 17 18 Introduction Country Profile Kazakhstan is a country, located in Central Asia. It is the largest landlocked...
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...and medium-scale projects. It must be noted that over the years from 1992 to 2007, the highest trading volumes were between China and Kazakhstan, which represented from 80 to 86 percent of all Chinese-Central Asian trade. This growing economic cooperation has a social impact on the development of a Central Asian business diaspora based in Xinjiang. China also demonstrates its capacity to use local corruption schemes and internal Central Asian weaknesses in its own interests: From the earliest years of independence, smuggling with China, especially the export of metals and the import of consumer goods, has proved to be a very profitable venture for Central Asian high-level officials. Keywords • China-Central Asia Trade • Xinjiang • Business Diaspora • Shuttle Trade • Corruption Introduction The main difficulty in the study of economic relationships between China and Central Asia is the lack of reliable or complete information. Many reasons can explain this fact. The Central Asian states, first of all, do not publish information on cross-country trade. On this issue they follow the Soviet tradition and prefer not to strengthen the role of China to a public opinion which could be adverse. The Chinese authorities, for their part, do not try to heavily advertise their activities in the region and are quite comfortable with a lack of transparency in economic relations. The next reason results from the fact that...
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...[pic] CHINA’S POLICY TOWARDS CENTRAL ASIA Muddassir Ali Khan M.A International Relations 2010-12 Abstract The emergence of five central Asian states Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan is result of the disintegration of Soviet Empire. These states are full of natural resources like gas and oil. They have adopted “open door policy” to exploit the enormous wealth of natural resources .They engineered this policy to ensure internal development, strong economy and better foreign relations. In this regards her neighboring country china also there to fulfill the huge needs of energy, to contain U.S. influence in this region, counter terrorism, and make this region as strong economic market, china’s make better policies to achieve these goals and try to enhance better relations with these Central Asian States. The disintegration of Former Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991 and the five independent central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan opened up phenomenal opportunities for china to exercise its influence in the central Asian region. These states attracted the world, primarily for its vast energy resources and other raw materials. The geo-economic and geo-strategic im to enhance its economic ability, strengthen its security to fulfill the Chinese principle of foreign policy...
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...Introduction Oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan is the largest and most dynamic industry, which provides a stable increase in crude oil and natural gas. In the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea, there is continuing evaluation of public oil and gas fields with large reserves of hydrocarbons. Potential hydrocarbon of the Republic of Kazakhstan is estimated sufficiently significant in the total world reserves. Kazakhstan holds big hydrocarbon reserves, including potentially the second largest oil reserves in the world (US Energy Information Administration). According to official data from the Ministry of Oil and Gas of Republic of Kazakhstan, confirmed hydrocarbon reserves, both onshore and offshore, are estimated to be 4.8 billion tons or more than 35 billion barrels for 2012. Kazakhstan possesses unique geographical features that lead the country’s oil and gas cluster to be spread throughout the entire country, instead of one specific geographical area. Around 70% of Kazakhstan’s oil and gas reserves, both onshore and offshore, are concentrated in Western Kazakhstan around the city of Atyrau. Some oil reserves are also located in Southern Kazakhstan but the prospects for new discoveries there are not very promising (US-Kazakhstan Business Association). The majority of hydrocarbon reserves are located in the oil- and gas-rich regions of Kashagan, Tengiz and Karachaganak. The discovery of the Kashagan Field in 2000 is considered to be the largest oil field...
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...Economics of Kazakhstan: For most of the country’s history, nomadic people have inhabited Kazakhstan, but until recently the country has been strategically building its economy. The country is rich in oil and has been improving its drilling production after gaining independence in 1991. Oil production is estimated to reach about 2 million barrels per day by 2020. An estimated 4 billion tons of crude oil is recoverable and Kazakhstan also contains an estimated 15% of the worlds’ supply of Uranium and is currently the largest producer of the commodity. These two factors play a significant part in the country’s overall GDP and are its largest exports. By 2015, Kazakhstan is expected to be the tenth largest supplier of oil in the world. The country’s GDP is valued at 186.4 billion with a 7.5% growth rate, oil counting for 24% of the GDP and 65% of overall exports. Kazakhstan received a rating of 68 in the world for economic freedom following Portugal at 67. The economic freedom index ranks countries based on 10 different categories involving economic freedom: Property Rights, Freedom From Corruption, Business Freedom, Labor Freedom, Monetary Freedom, Government Spending, Fiscal Freedom, Trade Freedom, Investment Freedom, and Financial Freedom. Since last year they have experienced decreases in half of these categories, which is why their rating is slightly lower than last year. Because oil prices are continually rising, Kazakhstan’s economy has recovered quickly from the recession...
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...classmate’s response. Each discussion question is worth up to 25 points. Your discussion board messages will be graded according to the following criteria: 1. You enter into class discussions. 2. You offer substantive questions or comments. 3. Your suggestions, comments and postings are appropriate to the content being covered by the discussion thread. 4. You are respectful of the opinions and ideas of other learners. 5. Your comments reflect topics or concepts from the instructional materials and other course content. Directions for posting to the discussion board are can be found by clicking on the technical instructions icon on the classroom homepage. Discussion 3.1: Current Event: The global economy is an intertwined economy, meaning for every action in one part of the economy, there is a reaction in another facet of the economy. How does the housing market financial crisis of 2008 have an impact on natural resources such as oil? Discussion 3.2: Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is an...
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...than 70 years (1918-1991). The boundaries of modern independent states was clearly identified in this period. The composition of the economic regions of the USSR changed in line with the objectives of improving the management and planning of the economy in order to accelerate and improve the efficiency of social production. It means that the economy of one particular division was narrow directed. For instance, Uzbekistan became the main supplier of cotton in the region. It leaded to the reformation of the irrigation system of Central Asia and great expansion of irrigation canals. As a consequence of short-sighted politics in relations of water, the Aral Sea had experienced numbers of serious problems that are not resolved even till now . Kazakhstan also became a victim of politically repressive Soviet regime with its flour specialization. The economies was severely affected by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting loss of their vast market. However, the Soviet period has also some advantages in the life of Central Asian countries. The realization of the road and railway infrastructure project started its existence when five states were the parts of the USSR. In spite of the fact that the ethnic diversity was disregarded during the Soviet period, the education had big importance and was raised on the higher level. Moreover, as the boundaries of the countries were conditional, there was a free movement of goods and people on the whole territory of the Union. After...
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...Administrative organs in Kazakhstan. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Legal System of Kazakhstan 2.1. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2.2. Constitutional Laws 2.3. Codes 2.4. Other Normative Acts 3. State Order in the Republic of Kazakhstan 3.1. Presidency 3.2. Parliament 3.3. Government 3.4. Constitutional Council 3.5. Judicial Authority 3.6. Local Public Administration and Self-Administration 1. Introduction The Republic of Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country located in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The territory covers 2, 7 million square kilometers and country is ranked as the 9th largest territory in the world. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The population is approximately 17 million people, including Kazakh, Russian, Uyghur, Ukrainian, Uzbek, and Tatar. Approximately 63% of the population consists of Kazakhs. The capital city was Almaty up until 1997, when it was changed to Astana. The official state language is Kazakh. In state institutions and local self-governing bodies, Russian language is used on equal grounds with the Kazakh language. According to the 2009 census, 70.2% of the population is Sunni Muslims, followed by 20.6% Orthodox Christians, 0.1% Buddhists, 0.2% others (mostly Jews), and 2.8% non-believers. The Kazakh khanate was formed in the 15th century and had 3 tribal divisions...
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...Essay Colonial policy of the Russian government in Kazakhstan Prepared by: Zhunisov Arnur Manamement 117 Preparation of resettlement of Russian and Ukrainian peasants in Kazakhstan. Completion of the conquest of Kazakhstan coincided with bourgeois reforms in Russia in the mid XIX century. The abolition of serfdom did not solve the agrarian problem. Peasant unrest continued. In these circumstances, the Government has taken steps to divert farmers from the revolutionary movement. One of them - to activate the resettlement policy. Relocation of the peasantry on the eastern edge not only allowed the land hunger in the central provinces of Russia, but also to create in their face support the Government's new place. Therefore, the tsarist government in the mid 60-ies of XIX century. transferred from the military Cossack colonization to mass. On the ground, prepared measures to colonization of the Kazakh steppe and repopulating it with Russian peasants. At the initiative of the military governor of Semirechensk Kolpakovsky in 1868 were developed "Provisional Regulations for the peasant resettlement in the Seven Rivers" acting before 1883. According to "Provisional Regulations" persons determined by a number of benefits: allotment of land of 30 acres per head (male), exemption from taxes and duties of any kind for 15 years, granting a loan of up to 100 rubles. In 1883, in connection with the transition Semirechensk area in the...
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...Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in OSCE The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization. Originally in 1975 there was a Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland. It includes issues such as arms control and the promotion of human rights, freedom of the press and fair elections. It has 550 headquarters staff and about 2300 field staff. The OSCE deals with early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation. Its 57 participating states are located in Europe, Asia and North America and cover most of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere. It was created during the Cold War era. The six official languages of the OSCE are English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Russian. Political direction of organization is given by heads of state or government during summits. Summits are not regular or scheduled but held as needed. The last summit took place in Astana (Kazakhstan), on 1 and 2 December 2010. It was the first time when the Organisation has been led by a post-Soviet, Asian and Muslim country. At the same time the OSCE, whose mission is promoting democracy, is being chaired by an authoritarian state. Kazakhstan has been entrusted with the OSCE’s chairmanship because our country within less than twenty years of independence, has modernised and reached an economic development, it has ambitious foreign policy...
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...Introduction As it’s known from the passed course, International business is based on the possibility of benefit from the advantages of cross-national business operations, that is, from the fact that the sale of certain goods in another country, or establishing the production of the firm based in one country in the other one, ensure the high benefits to the involved business parts than they would have had, running business only in their countries. In this work apart from the general integral summery of each of the sectors needed to study, also the history and specific features of the relationship between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented to fully understand the competitive advantages and to adequately assess the risks of doing business in the Republic of Uzbekistan. As of today, the relationships between the Republics are legally regulated. The main document regulating the relations between the two states is the Treaty on Eternal Friendship between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 31 October 1998.Juridical base of cooperation between the two countries is composed by 116 interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental documents, which cover almost all spheres of life. Only in trade and economic cooperation 68 documents are signed, including agreements of free trade, promotion and reciprocal protection of investments, avoidance of double taxation, etc. Economics Despite a significant decline in the...
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...of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in Central Asia. Kazakhstan is a growing economic power with a strong resource base. It is important to world energy markets because it has significant oil and natural gas reserves. The country has 3% percent of the world’s raw materials and a natural resource base of over $300,000 per capita, which is among the highest in the world. Oil plays a big role in Kazakhstan. With nearly 40 billion barrels in reserves and 2% of global production, the country has the world’s ninth largest proven reserves and is among the 20 largest oil producers. It has 4% of the global iron reserves, 8% percent of the world’s zinc reserves and 4% of the world’s chrome reserves. Kazakhstan's strategic aspiration is to become a modern, diversified economy with a high value added and high-tech component, well integrated in to the global economy. Energy sector is viewed as a good basis to achieve this goal! Oil and gas is the leading economic sector. Oil and gas area occupy the territory about 1,7 million sq. km (approximately 62 % of territory of Kazakhstan). There are 172 oil fields and 7 main gas fields. In Kazakhstan the proved reserves is near 2,8 billion tons of oil and 1,8 bln. cubic meters of gas. Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels of crude oil reserves, which place it eleventh in the world. Example: in 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate, which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest...
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...Kazakhstan Report Two Tyler Hoffman HUMN305-U4FF Kate Davis 3/24/16 Kazakhstan, like many places around the world, is facing many different issues. Issues such as migration, religious needs, and women’s rights. All these factors make up large concerns for developing states and Kazakhstan is right in with them. Although they are taking steps to ensure that their culture and way of life will not be impacted by such things, but rather enhanced by them. By creating a more unified nation. Migration, immigration and emigration have played major roles in every country. Kazakhstan is no stranger to this. Kazakhstan is a country that evolved from all three of these. As a former nation of the Soviet Union, and being a neighbor to Russia, there is a large makeup of Russian people within Kazakhstan. In fact over two million people living in Kazakhstan are originally from Russia. This, of course, makes sense. As the collapse of the Soviet Union left people without jobs and income, they had to go elsewhere in order to try to make a living and with Kazakhstan, a nation that would now be developing, being so close it made sense for them to emigrate from Russia into Kazakhstan. Even though Russian is the largest demographic of immigrants in Kazakhstan, the country has a wide variety immigrants from other countries as well. Countries such as Germany, Ukraine and Uzbekistan make up three of the largest demographics in Kazakhstan (World Migration, 2015). Kazakhstan, even with its vast...
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...1-4 NOVEMBER 2011 Almaty, Kazakhstan www.worldfood.kz The 14th Central Asian International Exhibition WorldFood Kazakhstan 2011 – FOOD INDUSTRY Post Show Report PAVILION 11 – Food, Drinks Equipment and Technologies Ingredients, Supplements, Spices Packaging, Tare and Labels Official Support Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Kazakhstan KAZAGRO National Managing Holding Kazakhstan Union of Farmers Kazakhstan Union of Poultry Farmers Meat and Dairy Union of Kazakhstan Almaty City Administration Official Exhibition Opening Ceremony 1 At the Official Opening Ceremony, guests and exhibitors were greeted by: 1. Saken KALKAMANOV – Press Secretary, KAZAGRO National Managing Holding 2. Ruslan SHARIPOV – President, Kazakhstan Union of Poultry Farmers 3. Nelli SALIKHANOVA – Deputy Chairperson, Kazakhstan Union of Farmers 4. Wieslaw Osuchowski – Titular Ambassador, Polish Consul General in Kazakhstan 5. Vladislav KLOCHKOV – Consul Advisor, Russian Consulate General in Almaty 6. Vyacheslav KRASIENKO – Bishkek City Vice Mayor 7. Yuri BORODIKHIN – Executive Director, Iteca LLP Exhibition The total exhibition area of WorldFood Kazakhstan 2011 was 5,893.2 sq. m (in 2010 – 5,007.6 sq. m). Traditionally, four exhibitions were presented: WorldFood – Food and Drinks, WorldFoodTech – Equipment and Technologies, Ingredients – Ingredients, Supplements and Spices, and KazUpack – Packaging, Tare and Labels. All topics were subdivided into sections and pavilions. Simultaneously...
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