...of “THE IRON LADY”. Today in our politics such a woman has not been seen, however I want to know whether or not female politicians feel the need still to adopt such traits. The masculine approach includes a number of factors in which evokes a sense of aggression and competition, such as referring to sporting matches or even war. This investigation will use four sources from Theresa May (conservative), Dianne Abbot (labour), Nadine Dories (conservative) and Julia Gillard (Australian prime minister). From these it will explore how these four women use their language to win votes and campaign their policies, in terms of the use of discourse, grammar, lexis, pragmatics and previous theories of gender differences. To support my findings gender theorists who have specialised in the differences between female and male conversations and speeches. By applying theories and comparing them to my findings, a clear picture can be built up to reflect todays female language use within politics, showing whether or not there has been an obvious change or this adoption of a masculine approach to language is still used. Firstly in terms of limitations, the amount of texts I have used will affect the overall reliability of my investigation, also the context...
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...Gender differences In today's society, people are becoming more aware of the problem of stereotypes. Although we are meant to live in a fluid society, the portrayal of rigid stereotypes by the media does not help to reduce this problem. Many issues involving sexual status and gender stereotypes have been disputed, including the ethical reasoning behind why stereotypes should be dismissed and avoided in advertising. Male and female stereotypes have always been present in our daily lives, but they were stronger in the early years before the fifties. These differences caused social problems such as forbidding women to use jeans instead of skirts or dresses, the famous stereotype in which the woman stays at home taking care of the children or housekeeping while the man goes to work. There is a lot of research regarding stereotypical views of men and women, and psychological testing has helped integrate and differentiate the documented "real" behavior. Even through the sexual revolution, there still exists gender-role stereotypes, although the stereotyping has decreased in recent years. However, times have changed, and now it’s becoming common to see both men and women work to sustain themselves, resulting in a new idea about marriage and stereotypes. I do not believe in stereotypes, as they are only based in what our education was before civilization: savages. I mean, people often judge using the nature as an example. Yes, it is commonly seen among the animals that the alpha male...
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...Gender Differences in Communication Introduction Is it truly impossible for men to understand women? Are men as simple as people make them seem? Men and women are very different. They communicate in different ways. Stereotypically, men are extremely dissimilar to women when it comes to communication. If men and women are examined separately, there would be many differences in how they interact with each other. Method To see just how different men and women are, two groups of people were examined. There were college aged males living in a fraternity house. There were also college aged females living in a sorority house. The men of a fraternity house at a university were studied. They were observed at meal time, study time, and at times when they were in rooms relaxing. At a sorority, the women were observed at a meal time, study time, and in main rooms socializing. Results Observations made while at the fraternity were very interesting. During meal times, the men had a lot of interaction. They all sat together at a long table and there were conversations between two people as well as conversations with the entire table involved. The topics of conversation ranged anywhere from classes to crazy girlfriends. There was talk about plans for the day and a lot of talk about their favorite foods the cook had made this year. When men entered the room, there were greetings and handshakes with those that passed each other. During study time observation, there...
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...A sex difference is a distinction of biological and/or physiological characteristics typically associated with either males or females of a species in general. This article focuses on quantitative differences which are based on a gradient and involve different averages. For example, males are taller than females on average,[1] but an individual female may be taller than an individual male. Obvious differences between males and females include all the features related to reproductive role, notably the endocrine (hormonal) systems and their physiological and behavioural effects. Such undisputed sexual dimorphism include gonadal differentiation, internal genital differentiation, external genital differentiation, breast differentiation, muscle mass differentiation, height differentiation, and hair differentiation. The human genome consists of two copies of each of 23 chromosomes (a total of 46). One set of 23 comes from the mother and one set comes from the father. Of these 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 are autosomes, and one is a sex chromosome. There are two kinds of sex chromosomes–"X" and "Y". In humans and in almost all other mammals, females carry two X chromosomes, designated XX, and males carry one X and one Y, designated XY. A human egg contains only one set of chromosomes (23) and is said to be haploid. Sperm also have only one set of 23 chromosomes and are therefore haploid. When an egg and sperm fuse at fertilization, the two sets of chromosomes come together to...
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...Family and Consumer Sciences FLM-FS-4-02-R10 Gender Issues: Communication Differences in Interpersonal Relationships Cynthia Burggraf Torppa, Ph.D., Extension Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, Morrow County, Heart of Ohio EERA, Ohio State University Extension, The Ohio State University A lot of media attention has been devoted to the idea that women and men communicate very differently—in fact, it is sometimes stated that women and men communicate so differently from one another that they must come from different planets! Although at times differences in women’s and men’s communication styles seem to be constant and overwhelming, they are really quite minor. For example, both women and men can be nurturing, aggressive, task-focused, or sentimental. What is important to think about, however, is that women and men sometimes perceive the same messages to have different meanings. In fact, it may be as a result of the differences in message interpretation that the “battle of the sexes” occurs. Studies indicate that women, to a greater extent than men, are sensitive to the interpersonal meanings that lie “between the lines” in the messages they exchange with their mates. That is, societal expectations often make women responsible for regulating intimacy, or how close they allow others to come. For that reason, it is argued that women pay more attention than men to the underlying meanings about intimacy that messages imply. Men on the other hand, to a greater extent...
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...Gender Differences are socially determined. A child can be born female and male but they have to grow and develop their gender. There are quite a few factors that play a part in determining what roles an individual plays in gender. The factors that are the most influential are family, culture, friends, and music. The family is the first influence that shapes and molds the gender of each child. Even from the beginning the mother talks to the child within the womb. She may tell the child (if it is a girl) that you will be pretty, smart, caring, important, and etc. There are times the child takes on the behavior that the mother exhibited during pregnancy. I observed a situation of a close relative, where her husband continued to leave the relationship and comeback and leave again. It was understood after speaking with the mom that she left her relationship with his dad a lot during the pregnancy. During the growing up process the child observes the roles of the mother and the roles of the father. In the cases where the mother is the more dominant or the father is less dominant, there is a possibility that the daughter may grow up and be a dominant individual. Girls mock the behavior of their mothers. She may see her mom being feminine; mother may wear make-up, dresses, heals, and exhibit the characteristics of what some may consider being a lady. In an ideal world a father or male influence would show boys how to fix cars, build things, do yard work, be a provider, and a protector...
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...When watching The Bare Bears, one amazing thing I have noticed is that the friendship among them. They are so close to each other, but when a girl later involved in the friendship. Things seems have changed. Panda fell in love with the girl, but they other bears see the girl as a good friend. Later, there are funny things happen because of this. I was wondering what is this thing that makes friendship different between opposite sex. According to this, the question I used to lead my research is “What is the difference between same sex and different sex friendship?” This question is kind of broad and what I intend to do is looking to some specific aspects about it, especially gender. I searched a few research articles and found some that fits...
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...women more likely to speak in a more deferential tone? Are there any notable differences in the speaking styles of women and men? In antiquity, the answer was a simple and fascinating ‘yes’. In his essay “Sex Differences”, Ronald Macaulay believes there is no differences as such that affects language acquisition, although social factors interfere in the way they both talk. In contrast, Janet Holmes expresses in her essay “Women talk too much” that language is biased because it is men who have positions of power and seek authority, who judges when talk is too much, when its appropriate, and that women assert themselves less when speech is more valued. As we progress, we shall examine more closely their positions and expose the nature of their claims. In fact, the use and style in language has no bearing on one’s gender. The way one communicates with others has much to do with personal life experiences, self-image, and the overall make up of our personality and character. According to Macaulay, women are more straightforward and use the language in a simpler manner while men tend to be more creative. First of all, men are associated with toughness and aggression, sometimes boldness whereas women are associated with sweetness, being innocent, shy and loyal. These talks are not to be used to judge each of the sexes although in certain occasions they are. Secondly, the author discusses the difference between men and women in the way they develop the language to suit their...
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...phenomenon (Björkqvist, 1994). Recently, many researchers have challenged the gender bias in the existence of aggressive behaviors and have broadened the definition of aggression. Björkqvist's research suggests sex differences exist in the quality of the aggression, but not the quantity. According to Paquette and Underwood (1999), an adolescent's expression of anger and contempt for peers can sometimes be expressed through physical aggression, manipulation, exclusion, and/or gossip. This broader definition allows for a more complete understanding of the social or relational aggression, which is typically associated with females. Relational aggression is more verbal than physical and very prevalent in today's society. Gender differences in the prevalence and the form of aggressive behavior used could be explained by the different social roles of females and males. This paper will discuss the different types of aggression and how each type is used within the female and male peer groups. Aggression has been defined as having five central features: Intention to harm, unprovoked, happens repeatedly, victim perceives the bully as having power, and occurring in small groups. There are two distinct forms of aggression within this definition, overt (physical) and relational (verbal). Crick and Grotpeter (1995) state that the distinction between overt and relational aggression is related to gender. To be specific, the types of aggressive behaviors displayed within peer groups...
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...Effects of Gender Differences in Word Selection February 27th, 2010 OVERVIEW Young children believe that they can be anything and can do anything. But gender stereotypes limit their dreams and experiences. If a child enjoys doing something that is different from the usual , that child might feel embarrassed or uncomfortable. That child might feel that there is something wrong with him or her. It is important to remember that a person’s sex is different than a person’s gender. “Gender is learned. Gender is what people think about being boys or girls growing into men and women. These attitudes and behaviors are learned from society and the culture that people live in. Gender is not what we “are” but what we “do” ”. Society as a whole, teachers , and parents collectively and respectively “teach” gender roles in many different ways. There are many problems if children learn that boys and girls can do only certain things. Those children may not get a chance to use their talents. It is not fair for some children to be able to do things when others cannot. Everyone can help children to use all their talents. Society, teachers and parents can help girls learn to do active things and also quite things. They can teach boys to be gentle and also compete. Children do not need to worry about whether activities are “boy things” or “girl things. “Children who don’t worry about gender roles seem...
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...The study of sex and gender has been a great interest to not only psychologists but sociologists as well. Over the past few decades the definition of gender and sex have been considered as synonyms for each other. This is because the words have not been established correctly. Sex is defined as the biological and psychological characteristics that differentiate male and female. Gender is defined as a well-being influenced by social and cultural beliefs. Previously in-depth research has been done based on gender and sex differences but very few are based on the current evolutions. This essay will further look into the factors involved in differentiating sex and gender as well as further development of them. Three main factors are involved in...
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...There are clear gender differences in religious belief and participation; while priesthoods of most religions are male which means women are more likely to participate in activities and have belief in god and the supernatural. For example in 2005 1.8 million women in England were church goers, compared to just 1.36 million men. Miller and Hoffman (1995) found women express greater interest in religion; they have a greater personal commitment and go to church more. They found that this was true for all religious organisations, ages and faiths. Bruce (1996) estimated there are twice as many women than men in sects. Heelas and Woodhead (2005) found in their study of Kendal 80% of holistic milieu participants were female. This shows that gender differences can be linked to the way men and women see god; as a god of power and control or a god of love and forgiveness. Sociologists have given several arguments for gender differences in religious belief and practice. Miller and Hoffman argue women are more religious as they’re socialised to be more passive, obedient and caring. Religion values all of these characteristics, thus women are more likely than men to be attracted to religion. Miller and Hoffman also argue that women are more likely than men to be employed in part time work or be full time carers, thus they have more time to organise around religious activities. Greely argues taking care of other family member’s increases women’s religiosity as they have responsibility to their...
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...In American history, there is always a problem with gender and race. African Americans were not treated as a person but as one third. Females in the United States have a problem with voting and having the same equal respect as a man. Why does any race have to be treated differently because of how they look, act or even talk?. I was born in Washington, DC where there are a lot of people that would not think the same since there are a different race and different beliefs. Racism towards black people and other race would never end. The United States is the most powerful country in the world. Many people immigrate to the US because of the opportunities not only for them but, also for their kids. In some occasion, these people are scared to come to the United States because of the way that we Americans handle the situation of “racism”....
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...Sex/Gender • On the subway, I noticed the gender of riders are almost split evenly, but I feel like that there are more females then males on the train. • The people who sit down mostly on the train are predominately females, elderly, and women traveling with young children. Most people will offer a seat to pregnant woman, elderly and women with young children. • The females have more privileges over seat and more women tend to sit more over men. Men tends like to stand more over women due to gender role as men are expected to be muscular and standing up kind of show their muscularity than sitting down. • The people who stand on the train and hold the handrail are predominately-young people and males. Race/Ethnicity • On the subway,...
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...Gender Differences Michael Grindstaff 11/2/13 Michael Grindstaff Gender Differences 11/2/13 Gender Differences Gender stereotypes are strong in our culture and even put preconceived notions in our minds of what profession we will be when we grow up. The differences in men and women’s brain do show men are better at mathematical jobs than women, however, it should not deter women from wanting to be engineers. Stereotypically, girls are soft spoken, gentle, caregivers, on the other hand, boys are outspoken, direct, and confident. These stereotypes are embedded in our minds from when we are little, even impacting our thoughts of which gender should occupy which profession. We look at specific jobs and correlate them with a certain gender. When children are growing up they often want to be a specific profession such as, girls may want to grow up to be a teacher or nurse, and boys want to be a firefighter or a police officer. Girls are taught that they must relate to others in order to survive, while boys are taught that they must compete with others to survive. Not only is it our brains that are different, but our upbringings and stereotypes of gender roles play an important role in how we communicate with each other. The more in-depth you look at the topic gender differences in working and communicating with others, the more it gets you thinking not only of how co-workers communicate with each other but how the public communicates with a professional due to their...
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