...Starting from the mid-1900s the labor force was met by a wave of women. During that time traditional gender roles were still prevalent, however women still joined the paid workforce. However, women were expected to put their careers and education on hold as soon as they became pregnant as it was viewed as a mothers duty to raise her kids. Men were expected to continue working and not to stay at home with the newborn. During the 1960s were more and more women began to work, jobs started to become separated based the number of females or males within that occupation. Census data suggests that while some occupations have become more gender integrated such as mail carriers, bartenders, bus drivers, and real estate agents, occupations including...
Words: 298 - Pages: 2
...1950’s Men and Today’s Men The gender role theory “posits that boys and girls learn to perform one's biologically assigned gender through particular behaviors and attitudes” (Boundless, 2015). The environmental causes of gender roles and the impact of socialization are emphasized by the gender role theory. The social role theory postulates that the social structure is the underlying force in determining gender roles. The social role theory also states that the division of labor between two sexes within a society drives sex-differentiated behavior. The division of labor is what created gender roles, which eventually, led to social behavior that could be defined as being gender specific in nature. Over the years, these roles would transform to adapt to the expectations of society’s current males. One popular trend of gender roles that has been commonly studied is workplace roles. For decades, men were viewed as the sole provider; therefore, the wife’s duties did not exceed past her home. She was in charge of caring for her husband, their children, and their home. Men were supposed to go to work every day to provide for their family, adequately meet all of their needs, and be someone that his children can look up to. In the 1950’s, men were coming back from war, and the women had filled the positions left open by men going off to World War II. During the 1960’s, known as the hippie era, gender roles began developing in a more neutral and equal manner, “but media still tried to...
Words: 1011 - Pages: 5
...There is no better time than now for those oppressed from all groups. It’s disconcerting that many reminisce about the 1960’s, idealizing it to the fullest, although the past is no ideal time for women. The hit TV show “Mad Men”, particularly season 2: episode 6, criticizes the gender relations of the 60’s, demonstrating that traditional roles are not worth keeping, and especially not for a woman’s sake, though some of the show's representation of the 60’s are critiqued to be idealized and flawed. Daily occurrences in the show illustrate problems that, although...
Words: 1598 - Pages: 7
...Gender Roles In the 1950’s and 1960’s the gender roles were very different then they are now. During this time there was no gender equality and men and women were expected to obtain a certain image. Women took care of the children and chores around the house while the men went to work and made money for the family. There was the stereotypical man and women and if an individual did not fit the typical description of these stereotypes they were seen as abnormal and looked down upon. Women were expected to get married and have the picture perfect family. Before Mrs. Clutter fell to depression she too portrayed this perfect housewife role and none the less Mr. Clutter portrays the superior husband role. These gender roles are evident throughout the whole book of “In Cold Blood”....
Words: 664 - Pages: 3
...By the 1960’s, women activists through the Women’s liberation Movement worked towards the collective struggle for equality and for equal oppurtunities in the workplace. This decade was a time for social change which would impact women’s rights in a number of different aspects, including their role in the military. During the sixties, the clash between traditional views on women’s roles and social movment for their equal oppurtunities resonated throughout the military. In 1960, the world of american women was limited in almost every aspect- From family life to the workplace. Typically, they were expected to marry young and devote their lives to domestic chores, their children, husband and housekeeping. and the 38% of american women who worked in the 1960’s were limited to jobs such as teachers, nurse or secretary. They were also unwelcome in more professional aspects. According to a reliable source “ in 1960, women accounted for 6% of american doctors, 3% of lawyers and less than 1% of engineers”. These women in these workplaces not only faced sexism but were also paid considerably lower salaries than men and denied opportunities to advance career wise as they would be harshly assumed by their employers of becoming pregnant and quitting theirs job, and...
Words: 523 - Pages: 3
...Through out the world women aren’t developing in social and economics because of gender inequality. Empowerment is used in discussions of women in developing nations. Empowerment is to refer to people without power of any gender, race, ethnicity, or social class, that overcome obstacles in their societies. Gender socialization separates males from females, which causes them to create their own worlds and languages. The girls and the boys participate in the same activities in their schools and communities. The school district tries to avoid gender socialization. Males and females are put into specific statuses and roles, which make human societies stratified by gender. People use to think that women and men where totally separated, but recently discovered that this isn’t true. And that these differences were based on biological and psychological differences. It was discovered that gender roles are strongly influenced by culture. Gender inequality can be traced back in time. In Europe, the courtly love specified that women wasn’t allowed to engage in warfare or politics. They couldn’t compete with men in any way that led them away from doing what women was to do in those days. In the more modern industrial society, boys and girls are put into separate categories: masculine and feminine. When they get older the men enjoys more wealth, prestige, and leisure than women do. Sexism is an ideology that justifies prejudice or discrimination...
Words: 1501 - Pages: 7
...Gender and development- historical background ‹ Definitions up Mainstreaming gender throughout the Project Cycle Management (PCM) › Gender and development- historical background The United Nations Charter of 1945 and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 established the first official worldwide recognition of women’s equality and non-discrimination on the basis on sex. However up until the late 1960’s the focus was on women’s reproductive roles, as women were seen as wives and mothers and their main issues were supposed to be obtaining access to food, contraceptives, nutrition and health care. The 70’s and 80’s marked a new phase in which the debate moved beyond women’s equality and the domestic sphere of women’s role as wives and mothers onto the global stage where the role of women was promoted as an aid for economic development. The important events such as the First World Conference for Women held in Mexico 1974, the UN decade for women “76-85” and the promotion of the Women In Development (WID) approach emphasised women’s right to development, recognition of women’s economic role in national economies and, most significantly, gave a voice to women in developing countries. Some of the shortcoming of the approaches such as the WID applied in the 70’s were that they fell short of improving unequal relationships, and a significant number of projects were unsustainable as development projects failed to consider the multiple roles carried out by women,...
Words: 504 - Pages: 3
...Running Head: Analysis of 1960s gendered media norms from the perspective of the 1960s and 2000s Analysis of 1960s gendered media norms from the perspective of the 1960s and 2000s Univers Communications 30 Gendered film norms from the 1960s and 2000s: An Introduction From its most primitive years, popular films have discussed the part of gendered norms both on screen and as viewers. Actually, emphasizing its significance to different account and standard patterns, violence against women has been conceptualized as immanent in typical Hollywood and all over more recent popular cinema. Various feminist film theorists have judged conventional filmmaking as comprised of creation and display practices imbricate in a certain set of social and political power relationships. In the procedure, these writers have proposed complicated expression of the relationships between filmic representations and cinema's place in society. The mainstream feminist film theory that grew in the 1970s depended on the idea of cinematic equipment by the help of which film technologies interrelated with the ideological determinants of the cinematic associations. In her work, most remarkably the essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," (1975) Laura Mulvey stressed the problem of the female aspects in classical Hollywood and, particularly, in films of Josef von Sternberg and Alfred Hitchcock. Female spectators are presented with a choice to make out with either a male character or secondary...
Words: 3330 - Pages: 14
...The House made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday. This book is available in the bookstore for you and there is also a copy in the library for your use. In addition there will be weekly online readings in D2L. You must do the required reading to pass the class. Students must attend lectures and take notes. Participation, i.e., your attention is required. Course description: This course examines the arts and ideas taken from the American experience in the 20th century and today. Material covered includes literature, art, music, philosophy and history of the twentieth century. The course draws upon the arts of African American, Native American, Asian American, Anglo and Latino cultures as avenues for understanding issues of ethnicity, class and gender as they intersect with mainstream American values. Course presentation: Lecture, discussion, audio-visual materials and readings from the text, online, and material to be supplied by the instructor. In addition an extra-credit will be offered. Attendance: Required, a student missing more than 5.4 class hours may be dropped from the course (this is four class sessions). Because of the recent budget situation instructors are encouraged to drop students who are not attending class. Basic Rules: Woody Allen once said “The key to success is showing up.” Be on time. Do not leave early. No laptops, cell phones, text messaging devices etc. Pen and paper will serve you better here. Any Student found not doing his/her/their work...
Words: 2440 - Pages: 10
...A social and force in the changing roles of women was consumerism which took off in the 1920’s and continued to have an impact on women until the 60’s/70’s, which to a small extent gave women an increased sense of independence, through working and self-expression. Industrialisation and the growth of cities laid the platform for mass consumerism in America, by the 1920s, the development of downtown department stores gave accessibility to a vast array of new goods and cities became the centre of cultural change. Mass entertainment was also popular with amusement parks, dance halls and movie theatres resulting in a new visibility of women in the public sphere. The department and chain stores created accessibility to an array of new goods. Women...
Words: 803 - Pages: 4
...The rise of the ‘new’ ‘dangerous’ and ‘violent’ female offender • The for and against argument • Assess all evidence • Decide which opinions, theories, models are preferable INTRODUCTOIN Research conducted for the national commission on the causes and prevention of violence, ward et al asked ‘are women more aggressive in committing violent crimes today than in the past? Women were viewed as gatekeepers of social morality and the common fear is that women are changing. Ward and his colleagues relied on to document the nature of women ‘violent offences. They have examined whether and how the characteristics and crimes of incarcerated female offenders have changed. This essay also seek to explain the patterns of stability and change over the last third of the 20th century in women’s crimes of violence and the moral panics that explain violent criminality by women. Although boys engage in more delinquent and criminal acts than do girls, female delinquency is on the rise. In 1980, boys were four times as likely as girls to be arrested; today they are only twice as likely to be arrested. In this article, Elizabeth Cauffman explores how the juvenile justice system is and should be responding to the adolescent female offender Reasons why there is less research on female criminality? Smart (1976) stated that throughout history female violence or crime have has been neglected` in criminology theories. The studies show that females were documented to commit less crime, which...
Words: 10103 - Pages: 41
...Gender Equality & the Women’s Movement SS310 – Exploring the 1960’s: An Interdisciplinary Approach Unit 6 Project March 12, 2013 A Brief Timeline of the Women’s Movement 1920 - 2009 Sources cited on the reference page. In the United States, women are allowed a certain level of luxury in having a large amount of control over the path their lives take. An American woman can be a business owner, a homeowner, a college graduate, a highly paid executive or a stay at home mother and wife. These are choices that we as individuals get to make with limited input from the men in our lives. We take guidance from our fathers, brothers and husbands but the ultimate decision lies with us. History has shown us that this was not always the case in our country. Early on women were not allowed to own property, be educated or make any major decisions. Power rested in the hands of the men and it took many years to wrench some away. In the late 1800’s American women were beginning to realize that there was more to life then mothering and keeping house. The Suffragette movement was born out of a palpable desire to be a voice for change in the world and to have a vote in the governance of the country. After many years of struggling, the 19th amendment was signed into law extending the right to vote so that it would not “be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex” (19th amendment). One step among many that leads...
Words: 928 - Pages: 4
...labeled these three periods the period of Traditional Familism, the period of Individualism, and the period of The New Familism” (p.184). The three social and political movements in the second period, the period of Individualism, respectively are The Sexual Revolution, The Women’s Liberation, and The Anti-War Movement. In Mona Lisa Smile, these three periods and movements are characterized in the behavior and language of the actresses. The first time period is Traditional Familism, which lasted for twenty years from the mid-1940’s to the mid-1960’s. It is a period after World War II. Lim and Smalzer (2008) considered that the predominant configuration of this traditional period is, “A married couple with children” (p.184). They also concluded, “three characteristics stand out in this period: conformity to social norms, greater male domination of the family than in the later periods, and clear-cut gender roles”(p.184). It suggests that the division of family roles is clear-cut, which husband and wife being charged with specific responsibilities. According to Lim and Smalzer (2008), divorce rates were low, but meanwhile birth rates were high during this time. Wetzel (1990) said childbearing “reach a peak of 25.3 per 1000 in 1957 at the apex of the baby boom” (p.8). In the meantime, he mentioned that divorce was uncommon, affecting less than one percent of the at-risk population. Nancy represents traditional...
Words: 1495 - Pages: 6
...hegemonic groups. We commonly hear and refer to the civil rights movement of the 1960’s when speaking of social movements, however, another major social movement was taking place during this time period. The fight for women’s rights. The women’s movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s sparked the second-wave of the “feminist movement.” Feminism can be defined as “a theory and/or movement concerned with advancing the position of women through such means as achievement of political, legal, or economic rights equal to those granted men (Offen, Pg. 123).” There are still no clear origins for the word feminism...
Words: 1487 - Pages: 6
...Constructing Gender And Sexuality Chapter Study Objectives What Is Sex? What Is Gender? • Compare and contrast the concepts of sex and gender. ==> Sex is a distinct category that someone belongs to male or female. Gender is not only the physical but also the behavioral personality traits that a group considers normal for its members. Essentialist and Constructionist Approaches to Gender Identity • Compare and contrast the essentialist and constructionist approaches to gender identity. ==> The essentialists believes that there can only be two categories, male or female, there is no exception. However constructionists believe that gender isn’t a dichotomy and that there can be more than two categories, and different ways for explaining them. Essentialists typically reside outside of sociology, usually in medicine, theology, and biology. Constructionists are typically mainstream sociologists. Gender Inequality • Explain the possible origins of gender inequality according to the text. ==> Back in the day when men had to go out and procure food, they needed to be bigger and stronger. They were needed for this vital role. Women were built to be nurturing so they could stay back with their offspring and keep them safe while the men hunted. The two rules were crucial for survival. • Compare and contrast functionalist theory and conflict theory in their approaches to explaining gender inequality. ==> Functionalists theory says that sex determines which roles men and women...
Words: 813 - Pages: 4
