...What is Food Security? Food Security refers to a household's physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that fulfills the dietary needs and food preferences of that household for living an active and healthy life. As per the combined interpretations of The World Health Organisation and The Food and Agriculture Organisation, Food security is defined by the following 4 paradigms: Ensuring Availability Ensuring Access Ensuring Utilization Ensuring Stability Availability is having available sufficient quantities of food on a consistent basis. Food access is having sufficient resources, both economic and physical, to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. Food use is the appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation. The Food and Agriculture Organisation adds a fourth facet: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time. Food Security Act: Food Security is achieved not only by augmenting food supply but also by implementing institutional reforms, social policies, and programmes to improve economic and social access to food and provision of basic services for nutritional absorption. There is considerble diversity in country performance and experiences in terms of the timing, pace and degree of economic and institutional reforms, and multiplicity of approaches and instruments used to increase economic access to food and nutritional...
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...input to the 2012 World Water Week and its Special Focus on Water and Food Security. Feeding a Thirsty World Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future RepORT 31 Copyright © 2012, Stockholm International Water Institute, SIWI ISBN: 978-91-978846-5-5 ISSN: 1404-2134 How to Cite: Jägerskog, A., Jønch Clausen, T. (eds.) 2012. Feeding a Thirsty World – Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future. Report Nr. 31. SIWI, Stockholm. Cover photo: iStockphoto Design by Britt-Louise Andersson and Elin Ingblom, SIWI Printing by Elanders, Mölnlycke, Sweden. The printing process has been certified according to the Nordic Swan label for environmental quality. For electronic versions of this and other SIWI publications, visit www.siwi.org. Feeding a Thirsty World Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future Note to the Reader Today, in 2012, nearly one billion people still suffer from hunger and malnourishment, in spite of the fact that food production has been steadily increasing on a per capita basis for decades. Producing food to feed everyone well, including the 2 billion additional people expected to populate the planet by mid-century, will place greater pressure on available water and land resources. This report provides input into the discussions at the 2012 World Water Week in Stockholm, which is held under the theme of Water and Food Security, and was edited by Anders Jägerskog, Director, Knowledge Services...
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...Eating All the Fish? The Food Security Rationale for Culling Cetaceans A Report to Humane Society International By Wilf Swartz and Daniel Pauly Presented at IWC 60 June 23, 2008 Santiago, Chile Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 2 A re-packaging of the whaling debate ........................................................................................ 2 Fish and food security................................................................................................................. 3 Fish (and food security) in crisis................................................................................................. 4 Marine Mammals: Threat to Food Security? ............................................................................ 7 The ‘whales-eat-our-fish’ argument ........................................................................................... 7 Flaws of the argument................................................................................................................. 7 Political success of the ‘whales-eat-our-fish’ lobby ................................................................. 10 Globalization of Fisheries: A Real Threat to Regional Food Security........................
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...07 April 2008 Policy Support & Advocacy Cluster UNDP Administrator visits Bangladesh An Internal Knowledge Fair was organized by UNDP Bangladesh on 15th March 2008. This was a first of a kind event which helped to strengthen the platform for knowledge and experience sharing. The fair was organized on light of the visit of Kemal Dervis’s, UNDP Administrator, to Bangladesh. The Knowledge Fair was part of a broader programme of the UNDP Administrator’s convention with staff members of the country office. It was organized to enliven the activities and initiatives taken through diverse programmes and projects of UNDP Bangladesh. The fair showcased six stalls which were designed on the basis of thematic areas: UN Bangladesh, Directorate, Governance, MDGs and Poverty Reduction, Environment & Energy, Crisis prevention & recovery Bulletin Issue 9 “I had the opportunity to see with my own eyes the resilience of the people of Bangladesh in the Each stall was set to showcase publications, reports and photographs depicting various accomplishments of UNDP CO. The stalls were in U-shaped with a panel of photographs behind each of them. Each stall also had two computers where the clusters could display any pictures or videos. The room had two projector screens showing imperative initiations like Election and MDGs animated series, undertaken by the country office. Considerable emphasis was given to pictorial depictions of activities and this made the whole knowledge fair very...
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...we in Australian look to purchase more of our food locally? There are many benefits for us as a country to purchase more of our food locally, the issue of climate change in the world has taught us that decreased carbon emissions are beneficial for the environment, food security in Australia is important the global food crisis of 2007/08 was a stark reminder that imported goods can be subject to huge price fluctuations which cannot be controlled by us, and from purchasing locally grown produce we are able to strengthen local economies and increase job security in our region. The issue of climate change has been an ongoing debate in society for quite some time now, while we are very aware of the impact that our everyday lives of commuting to and from work have on the environment we are less mindful of the effect that the importation that some of our food have on the environment. In an Australian study data was collected to establish the kilometres travelled by a typical basket of groceries and greenhouse gas emissions produced. (Gabella and Abraham 2007, page 3) The study showed that a typical grocery basket had travelled over 20,000 kilometres and greenhouse gas emissions equalled that of over 4000 cars on the road. With such large numbers being produced by both sets of data it can easily be seen that by reducing our reliance on foreign food imports we can lower the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by importing our food. Australia can look to the example set by Cuba...
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...Security has been identified as such reliable availability in a concerned quantity and quality level of objects with a controlled level of risks (Lundqvist, 2000). It is not absolutely depend on the object itself. It is a concept of relative to the public concern. For instance the water security has been discussed in decades. With time pass by, the situation is different over time with the variation of many factors. The population growth directly requires extra amount of consideration of water issue. The issue relates to the population growth and migration movement. For example, Australia’s population growth is caused by the vastly increased migration, and up to recent years the study showed that the water consumption largely climbed up raised many voices on saving water. The facts that were happening showed strong correlation. Climate change over the years that has potentially impact on the usable of water. Global warming which actually that has been debated over a few years. There are voices that there have been many discussions in this topic that consider this fact are because of human activity or nature process. Al Gore convinced us in his president election speech by an inconvenient truth that the truth is that it is getting hotter and hotter. Whatever the result is, an increased concern has arisen between urbanization, salinity, and upstream pollution. In advance, Pacific Institute released that the regional impacts will vary and the potential of global climate change...
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...The Threats to Global Food Supplies Weiwen Huang Student Number: 2171584 Class: Syllabus 4/1 Tutor: Siriol Lewis In the past half-century, food production had a significant growth. At the same time, the global demand for food rose rapidly. It is required more food supply to feed the global growing population. Thus the global population growth is the main factor of rising food need. It was predicted that the global population will reach over 9 billion people by 2050(Black, 2010 cited in Slaght, 2012, p.28). Another factor is that food consumption per person shows a rising trend with increased consumption of animal protein (Leaver, 2011). Therefore, the primary task of global food supplies is that making sure the global food production can match the global food demand. It is not easy to be done, because there are many menaces to global food provision. This essay will discuss some threats for food supplies and identify several solutions to make the assignment easier to be fulfilled. First of all, different resources constrict food production, such as land. It is well known that if food output want to be increase, it is necessary to increase the area of farmland. However, over the past 50 years the global farmland acreage just grew slightly, which did not match the growth of population. The agricultural land area for each person had fallen from 1.3 hectares to 0.72 hectares during 1967-2007. (Leaver, 2011) This means that average amount of food that can be consumed per person...
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...WORLD FOOD CRISIS 1. There are three main basic human needs, one is food the other one is shelter and the last one is the clothing. Out of these three, food is very much important as it keeps the human alive. Today the world is having around seven point two billion people and the same time the demand for the food has been increased drastically. If we can increase the production of the food, there will not be a food crisis. But it has become a real challenge to cater the world requirement. 2. There are number of factors that caused to food crisis. population growth, urbanization, unfair distribution, climate change, green house effect, lack of interest by today generation and fuel price hike are some of them. It is obvious that we can’t find solutions alone, but as a world .Today we are living in a global system. In this, all are interconnected. As food crisis cause to many more other issues, there are number of other issues mainly due to the food as well. There is one more important fact that we can’t forget. That is food security. Today it has become one of prime factor. Lack of interest towards food security, is another prime factor for today world food crisis. 3. But there is no way of making food production proportional to the today requirement as population keep growing. But there are many what we can do to manage this issue. As this is a global issue we have to have some kind of organization in order to attend this. Today there are many international, local and non...
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...developing countries, by domestic and transnational companies. The lands are mainly used for the production and export of food and biofuels. The reason why countries like Saudi Arabia, South Korea, China or India are acquiring lands is because they need to grow food to feed their own populations. Indeed, these countries already suffer consequently of water scarcity preventing them from being able to grow enough food for their growing populations. 2. How do land acquisition in Ethiopia and Sudan by South Korea and Saudi Arabia affect food security in Egypt? Egypt is a nation of bread eater requiring millions of tons of wheat per year and in addition Egypt is also the world’s leading wheat importer and subsidized bread. Or, in order to have enough bread for the population Egypt’s grain is either imported or produced with the water of the Nile River. The Nile flows through Ethiopia and Sudan before reaching Egypt. However, according to the Nile water agreement; Egypt is entitled to 75% of the Nile’s river flow. Yet, now those developing countries are acquiring a lot of land in Ethiopia and Sudan with the intention to grow food with nil’s river water regardless of the water agreement. It is fear that demand of water reaches a point where there will not be enough water reaching Egypt in order to sustain its agricultural production, leading then to food security issues in the future. 3. Explain the Nile water Agreement. The Nile water agreement is a legal piece signed in...
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...world hunger: Scale and neoliberal ideology in international food security policy discourse. Food, Culture and Society: An International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 14(1), 117-139. Gonzalez, C. (2012). The Global Food System, Environmental Protection, and Human Rights. Environmental Protection, and Human Rights (February 13, 2012), 26(3). Clapp, J. (2012). Hunger in the Balance: The New Politics of International Food Aid. Cornell University Press. Rosset, P. (2011). Land and the World Food Crisis. Land Land STRUGGLES Land STRUGGLES, 11. McMichael, P. (2009). A food regime analysis of the ‘world food crisis’.Agriculture and Human Values, 26(4), 281-295. Bassett, T. J., & Winter-Nelson, A. (2010). The atlas of world hunger. University of Chicago Press. Baylis, J., Smith, S., & Owens, P. (Eds.). (2010). The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. OUP Oxford. Douillet, M. & Pauw, K. (2012). Trade Integration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons for Malawian Trade Policy. Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Torrez, F. (2011). La Via Campesina: Peasant-led agrarian reform and food sovereignty. Development, 54(1), 49-54. Hawkes, S., & Plahe, J. K. (2010). The WTO's Agreement on Agriculture and the Right to Food in Developing Countries. Monash University, Business and Economics. Gonzalez, C. G. (2010). The global food crisis: law, policy, and the elusive quest for justice. Yale...
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...Discuss the emergence of the Ebola pandemic as a threat to national security INTRODUCTION National security is the protection or the safety of a country’s secrets and its citizens. The term national security encompasses within it economic security, monetary security, energy security, environmental security, military security, political security and security of energy and natural resources. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines. As times progress threats to national security are constantly increasing with threats such as climate change, transnational crime, espionage, cyber terrorism and bio-terrorism. This paper is going to look at Ebola as a threat to national security. Weaponization Ebola's exponential spread has rekindled fears that terrorists may seek to turn the virus into a powerful weapon of mass destruction. Ebola virus is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent, as well as a Category A bioterrorism agent by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. It has the potential to be weaponized for use in biological warfare, National security and infectious disease experts agree the obstacles to a large-scale assault with Ebola are formidable. For starters, a bioterrorist would have to obtain the virus and be able to...
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...unbalanced distribution of food force food security into a worse situation. As stated by United Nations in the Millennium Development Goals of 2000-2005, reducing hunger and poverty by 50 percentage by 2015 is the main target we have to accomplish. Africa, with its fragile environment, huge pressure of overpopulation and less developed economics, is still suffering food shortage. For the purpose of combating hunger, global food security actors have made much effort. International organizations, such as Food and Agriculture Organization, World Food Program, and countries both play a vital role in helping Africa counter with starvation. Food aid is the crucial way they used to help food deficit countries. US, European Union and China are the main food aid donors. Among recipient countries, Ethiopia almost receives the most food aid (Mousseau, 2005:14). However, instead of making progress, data shows that the situation in Ethiopia is getting worse (Devereux, 2000:9). With the continual food aid, it seems that Ethiopia gradually falls into the vicious circle and depends on food aid rather than develop domestic agriculture to eliminate hunger. Hence, Ethiopia is an important case study for the food aid in Africa. The case of Ethiopia is of great importance for understanding the importance of food security in international politics and identifying problems of food aid. This is necessary for both individuals and independent state to achieve food security. For individuals, access...
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...Historical Factors * Cultural Factors * Structural Factors * Critical Factors (Germov, 2014, p. 7, 8). During this assessment I am going to be using the factors from Germovs Sociological Imagination template. Step 2: Reflect upon and analyse your experiences in relation to the topic of the question from step 1, using factors from Willis’ Sociological Imagination Template. There are many factors that are involved in the underlying causes of world hunger some factors include: environmental conditions such as climate change, high temperatures and humidity, natural disasters, land rights, lack of democracy and ownership, crop insect infestations, famine, war and corruption, economic causes, socio cultural causes, microbial growth, excessive food wastage, political and governmental factors, limited access to education and educational supplies and a lack of infrastructure and thus no way to manufacture products or ship them to the rest of the world (Holland, 2013). World hunger and the underlying causes are advertised in various ways on a daily basis through social media. These charity organizations primarily target the impacts and effects world hunger has on the world population. Charities promoting hunger have defiantly made me visualise world hunger in a different aspect, opening my eyes to the massive worldwide issue affecting many lives right this moment. Well-known charitable organizational groups raise community awareness and gain much needed funds for the vulnerable populations...
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...gear of food security. Stock of food grains must be accessible to indigent people. No matter how much food is in stock or how much production is going on, if the surplus food grain is not reaching the needy people, then food security will remain a pointless word in this socio-political corridor. On that ground, the states have to have a reliable access to a sufficient quality of affordable, nutritious food. 2.1.2 Allocation : About one third population of our country is extremely poor and according to the UN Millennium Development Goal Report 2014, India also has the highest number of under-five year age group deaths in the world in 2012, with 1.4 million children dying before reaching their fifth birthday . On one hand, we are pleased that our country has bumper food grain stock but on another hand, it is a bitter truth that most people have to sleep at night with an empty stomach. It so happens because of a wrong policy of allocation of food grain. Allocation of food must be in the view of the required necessities. Only then every person will get the right ‘fruits’ of food security....
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...IMPLICATIONS OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT,2013 SUB-THEME: Economic implications of National Food Security Act, 2013 and its international trade impacts I. Impact of 2013 Act on exports and how supply will meet demand created. II. The comparison between “livelihood security “and “food security legislation.” III. Economic implications of adopting a „rights based approach‟ through the 2013 Act. AUTHORS: URVASHI BANSAL STUDENT AMITY LAW SCHOOL,NOIDA CONTACT DETAILS: MOBILE: 08130158915 E-MAIL: urvashisurabhi12@gmail.com AKANKSHA KAPUR STUDENT AMITY LAW SCHOOL,NOIDA CONTACT DETAILS: MOBILE: 08510042250 E-MAIL: akanshakapur0@gmail.com CERTIFICATE The research paper entitled ―Economic implications of National Food Security Act, 2013 and its international trade impacts” submitted for the conference on INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPLICATIONS OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT,2013 is based on my original work. The research work has not been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree. The material borrowed from other sources and incorporated in the thesis has been duly acknowledged. I understand that I myself could be held responsible and accountable for plagiarism, if any, detected later on. ABSTRACT The research paper presented before you investigates the Economic Implications of The National Food Security Act, 2013 proposed by the government. This Bill aims to provide food and nutritional security to whole of India; access to adequate quality food at affordable prices to...
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