...‘Ideologies have become irrelevant to the discussion of politics since the collapse of the communism in East Europe.’(Fukuyama francis,1989) I disagree with this statement in a large extent. Overview Fukuyama published the idea of ‘end of ideology’, which became a controversial issue in 1989. No doubt, fascism and communism had both lost their appeal after the collapse of the communism in east Europe. In the postwar period, the three ideologies-liberalism, socialism and conservation –came to accept the common goal of capitalism. ( Lee, 1990) However, it does not mean that capitalism is a triumph of the world. Jacques mentions that there are many types of Marxism. For instance, orthodox Marxism is produced by the unique history tradition. Therefore, when one specific communism is collapsed, it does not mean that the communism is collapsed. In fact, there still are states that pursue other types of communism. People reflect and become interested in Marxist if capitalism cannot bring them into utopian era. There is no way to say that ideologies are becoming irrelevant to the discussion of politics. Also, All human are political thinkers. We all have difficult thoughts and diverse perceptions when the things happen around us. Modern ideologies such as feminism and ecologism are witnessed. From the observations and judgments, we can find out our own belief of what our world is and what we ought to be. ‘equality , ’rights’ ,’freedom’ ,’justice’ are the expression...
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...PHSE 206: Sociology of sport Essay 2B: Media representation of sport and its connection on societal power. Sean Masters 9066415 DUE: Friday 3rd October, 2014. WORD COUNT: 1508 Society comes in many different forms. Individuals of society attempt to be seen as being more successful, powerful and dominant over others. This is closely followed with how sport is perceived, played and based around. A competitive nature to out think your opponent to attain glory as an individual, as a team or as a country. The popularity of the sporting culture and the impact it has on our lives, gives responsibility for the new sporting era with experiencing and filtering sport through media. Giving another whole diverse range of how we perceive not only sport but athletes and teams competing. Modern era sporting and recreational activities are important in the New Zealand sporting society. As young adolescents grow up building the basic fundamentals associated with sport and continue to do this as they get older. In the active New Zealand survey, key findings released that in 2007/2008 79% of New Zealanders once per week were physically active (NZ, 2008). New Zealand have always had a high abundance in individuals participating in sport, that can contribute to the significant creation of the media- sports complex in New Zealand (Falcous, 2005). For example, back in the 1970’S technology in media sport was just beginning but already a crucial component in broadcasting...
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...living because it is a set of “national tenets” that teaches us the right norms of behaviour. There are two types of dimensions of relationship involved wherever there is human interaction. These two relationships are relationship among fellow human beings and relationship with god. Both of these two dimensions of relationships are recognised by all religions and all profess doing the right things in life. The principles of Rukun Negara ideologise the level the level of authority that control and guide us from the level of god down to the state level, institutions level and finally the self level. The entire background of the ideology and the purpose for creating it must be clearly understood by an individual to internalise the spirits of Rukun Negara. Ideology means a scheme of ideas at the basic of a system. When we say that Rukun Negara is a national ideology it refers to the principles of “living policies” to be used as the peoples guide and actions. In other words Rukun Negara contains values in nationhood as well as social norms covering all aspects of life. It also is an arrangement of ways (principles) for group living. BACKGROUND The Rukun Negara was officially proclaimed by Yang diPertuan Agong on 31 august 1971....
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...History of Politics A Research Paper Presented to The class of Miss Rhoda Mae R. Navasquez Southern Cotabato Academy, Inc. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject English IV by Jeison L. Omandam December 01, 2011 INTRODUCTION Political history is the description and analysis of significant political occasions, movements, thoughts, and leaders. Typically it is developed around the nation states. It is distinguished from but relevant to other areas of history such as economic history, social history, and military history. Usually, political history discusses events pertaining to nation-states and the political process in particular. As per Hegelian doctrine, Political History ‘is a perception of the state with a guiding force beyond the material benefits of its subjects: it meant that the state was the root factor of historical change’. This differs with one, for example, social history, which predominantly discusses the events and lifestyles of common folks, or people’s history, that is historical account from the view point of a lay person. A study of political history typically centers on a single nation and its political change and aggrandizement. A few historians highlight the ever increasing drift toward confined specialization in political history over the course of recent decades: ‘wherein a college professor in the 1940s resorted to identify himself as a “historian”, by the 1950s “American historian” was the designation.’ Political...
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...therefore lead people into thinking that society is violent. Marxist sociologists argue that the mass media, which is controlled by the Bourgeoisie (upper class), intentionally shows negative portrayals of society which make it seem much more violent than it really is. According to Marcuse, this is done in order to distract the audience from the real problems in society, such as inequality and capitalism. This has therefore resulted in media owners and journalists in presenting stories which portray society in a negative light, showing them to be more violent that they really are. Another idea which would support this idea is the Cultural Effects Model. This model suggests that the ruling class (media owners) constantly force their ideology through the media to the public so that the proletariat (working class) will believe that what they see in the News is true and factual; this is called cultural hegemony and by doing this, a false class consciousness is created. The bourgeoisie...
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...School of Government FCOM 111 Trimester 1, 2014 Government Essay Cover Sheet Instructions Please complete and sign this form and attach it as the cover page to your assignment. Student Name (Please print): | | Student ID No: | | Tutor Name: | | Tutorial Day and Time: | | Due Date: | Monday 31 March 2014 at 1:00 p.m. | Date Submitted: | | Word Count: | | Plagiarism Declaration Plagiarism is a form of cheating which undermines academic integrity. Plagiarism is prohibited at Victoria. Plagiarism is presenting (without due acknowledgement) someone else’s work as if it were your own, whether you mean to or not. Plagiarism takes many forms and includes material from books, journals or any other printed source, the work of other students or staff, information from the internet and other electronic material. You are expected to adhere to the VUW Statute on Student Conduct and its references to plagiarism. The Statute may be assessed at http://www.victoria.ac.nz/home/about /policy/students.aspx. I have read and understood the University’s policy on plagiarism outlined as above and declare that this Government Essay is my own work and that all source material used in this essay is accurately acknowledged. Signed: ___________________________ Date: ____________________ Political ideologies are vague and not as regimented and defined throughout New Zealand politics. An ideology represents political philosophies, views, core principles...
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...Conservative or Liberal: My Choice Angela J Flemister Liberty University Conservative or Liberal: My Choice A political ideology is a closely linked set of beliefs about politics. Political ideologies offer their adherents well organized theories that propose goals for the society and the means by which those goals can be achieved. (Americian Government pg.18) The two most common ideologies that come to my mind are the conservatism and liberalism, to in nonprofessional terms Republican and Democrat. The two parties differ in what they believe. The beliefs of one are totally opposite to the next. George Lakoff (Moral Politics) penned this book which simply asks “How Liberals and Conservatives think. In my reading of some of the book I was able to easily identify my personal political ideology immediately. Professor Whitham instructed class to research the elected officials in my district. Phil Gingrey and David Scott. The two could not be anymore different than they actually are as Congressman Gingrey is white and Congressman Scott is black. The color of the skin really should not matter but honestly we all know that at some point in time when an issue is presented and needs to be addressed by a vote there is some wrangling be it truth or not, race intervenes. The voting records of my elected officials provided an insight to their ideologies. By viewing the many interest groups it became evident that there is not a non-partisan accumulation of the facts. Many issues...
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...view that the news is a social construction In my opinion, I feel that the news is a social construction as it is a product of various influences such as owners of the news, news values and dominant ideologies. Like Marxists, I feel that the audience see the media as a presentation of truthful facts but fail to recognize that the media owners alter the news in order to promote their ideologies. A way the media manipulates it’s audience is by the professionalism of the news readers as there body language is formal and are in a extremely controlled environment giving the impression there neutral to passive audiences. They also pose behind a desk which implies a authority like figure and associates them with excessive amounts of knowledge. As a result of this, the news readers appear to be impartial, reliable and reassuring. Therefore, the news appears to be a scientific process during which the truth is found and could possibly be a sequence of socially manufactured images. Firstly, I am going to start with a neo-pluralist point of view where (Davies) claim’s that journalists no longer care about the “truth” impartially checking facts. Instead, they repeat “flat-earth” stories which are universally accepted as true and practice churnalism which are “facts” produced by the government in order to not negatively affect the media. Commercial pressures also exist which are facts from official sources are used because they are cheap. This type of news consists of unchecked, second hand...
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...Many refer to ideology as the study of ideas, it is defined as a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy or a particular way of thinking and seeing the world that makes the existing organization of social relation appear natural and inevitable (Grossberg, 193). In more simple words, it is commonly referred to as “false consciousness,” originally from politics, ideology refers to the way people think about the world and their ideal concept of how to live in the world. A very board term that has different branches and can relate to many different parts of media; it is a system of values, attitudes and beliefs that are important to an individual, group or society. All forms of media can have a great ideological influence on their audience and most media portrays a dominant message that can define the values and beliefs of an individual or society whether in a positive or a negative way. Dominant ideologies are ideologies that are used very commonly by the media that are sometimes mistaken for reality. They are always reflected in the media, and reflect dominate social relations and support dominant social groups. If those in charge of our society – politicians, corporate executives, and owners of press and television – can dominate our ideas, they will be secure in their power. They will not need soldiers patrolling the streets. We will control ourselves. (Zinn, 1991) Zinn’s understanding of ideology and how it dominates...
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...to brainstorming sessions and issues demanding creative solutions. Businesses should strive for diverse groups and teams. When individuals are able to work with others whom are different from each other it challenges people’s preconceived notions about how the world works and it forces people to step outside their comfort zones and consider new thought processes. By opening people up to new ways of thinking, the result is often new ideas, new processes, new services and new products (Fritz, 2012). Smart managers strive for diversity by balancing the individuals they select based upon differing internal factors such as age, race, and gender, and external factors, including differing backgrounds, educational experiences, and political ideologies. Managers seek open discussions...
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...David Coccoli Ms. White English 2 CP 12 January 2013 Dear Student, Have you ever been unprepared for a big test? From personal experience I can tell you that it is not something you want to experience yourself. I have encountered this a few times throughout school. I can tell you a few things I was able to do to prepare, the reasons I did not get to prepare as much as I wanted, taking the test, and things that happened after I completed the test. Hopefully you will learn from my mistakes. Some of the things I was able to do to prepare was go over it in class, make a foldable, and look over my notes right before I took the test. Just by going over the material in class, I was not fully paying attention. When I made my foldable, I copied off of someone’s so I could finish mine. Right before the test I just glanced over my notes. Those three preparation techniques are not recommended. The reasons I did not get to prepare as well as I wanted were because I was out of school with the flu. Therefore one of my friends William let me barrow his foldable, so I just copied it. While taking the test, I soon found out how unprepared I really was. Another thing that I found out was study only the night before a test isn’t a good idea. The reason for that is that you will not remember everything you tried to cram in your brain the night before. Whenever I got my test I completely froze up and couldn’t remember a thing on it. I would say I learned the hard way. After taking that...
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...INTRODUCTION - Any text can be read and interpreted differently depending of its different readers, since everyone has a different way of seeing and understanding things depending on our ideologies, context etc. * Overview of the short story. * Explanation of the main audience; feminists given the strong feminist ideology. * Description of the two readers; feminists (II) and non-feminists (III). II – FEMINISTS * Description of feminism * Explanation of the feminist’s interpretation of the short story. * How certain actions in the story can be interpreted specifically. * Effect of the story on feminist readers. III – NON-FEMINISTS * Description of non-feminists and what do they support. * Explanation of the non-feminist’s interpretation of the short story. * Meaning of the short story for this reader. IV – CONCLUSION – Any text can be interpreted differently and there are no rules when you read. Not everyone thinks alike and there are different opinions. We can’t judge a story or even a person given our own ideology, we could only give our opinion and respects others’ Any text can be read and interpreted differently depending of its different readers, since everyone has a different way of seeing and understanding things depending on our ideologies, context etc. A great example where we can presence this difference of interpretation is in Stone Mattress short story written by Margaret Atwood. It...
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...Introduction Dating and courtship is a foundation for having a happy and successful marriage. Countless millions of shattered families began with wrong dating habits. These habits made proper courtship impossible. And the results have been tragic. The almost universal effects of modern dating demonstrate widespread ignorance, even on the most basic points of right dating (Eagar, 2002). Almost no one understands the real purpose of dating or of the courtship that can ensue. The next step, achieving a happy marriage, then also becomes impossible. This research paper will try to tackle some points regarding the courtship, dating and marriage to help people achieve a happy home. Dating, followed by courtship, is supposed to lead to a happy marriage. But marriage cannot be happy if it is not built on the right foundation. Most couples have no idea that the foundation of a successful marriage begins long before the wedding day. In addition, a direct by-product of the wrong foundation is that most people have no idea how to select the right mate. “Like a triangle it has three sides, if one side is taken away it would no longer be a triangle. Also in marriage there must be three elements to complete the sacred union.”(Burell, 2000, p. 105-106). Like a triangle, God has to be at the top, and at the foundation it is you and the other significant person at either side. To be close together is to be closer to God. Many have been closer together only to be hurt because God was left...
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...1. Since all of our tests are open book/open note, the better organized your notes are, the better. If you get a study guide from the instructor, it's a good idea to make a flash card for each topic. On the card, highlight the topic, not the chapter page in the book where you can find the information, then put the relevant information on the card as well. This will not only give you a good study tool, it will also give you a great test taking aid. 2. Since you are taking the test at home, you should definitely take it under the same conditions you study under. For example, if you have the TV or music on while you study, don't try to go totally silent when you test. If you listen to specific music while studying, listening to the same music while you test can help you recall information more easily and more quickly. Have a quick snack/drink on hand with your notes so that you can stay focused. 3. Before you even open the test, take 2-3 deep breaths and tell yourself that you KNOW this stuff! You have it in your head, in your notes, and in your text. 4. Once you start testing, read each question carefully. Often when doing this, we get an idea of what the answer should be, then it's just a matter of picking the right option. 5. For multiple choice questions, there are a couple of strategies you can employ: * Read carefully through all of the options. Usually you will be able to eliminate at least two of them right away, leaving you with only two options...
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...that religion is created and promoted by the Ruling Class in order to pass on their dominant ideology to the working class, using it as an “instrument”. Althusser argues that the ruling class do this through physical control such as the police and the justice system (Repressive State Apparatus), they also control the working class through the Ideological state Apparatus, which via religion, prevents the working class from becoming deviant and rebelling. A clear demonstration of this is in Christian teaching. They’re taught that Jesus himself had a day job as a carpenter – which is a manual labour, working class job. This idea of Jesus being like us civilians appeals to the working class as their attitude would be that if someone of such major influence can have that job, I can too because I will be repaid in the afterlife. Another supporting piece of evidence to the Marxist theory of religion is in the Jewish Torah (Old Testament – 34:12) God says “Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest, in eanring time and in harvesting, thou shalt rest”. This also influences the working class not to question why we have to work for 6 days, because when we make our earnings we can rest on the seventh day, whilst the ruling class impose this religious idea to the working class. Karl Marx would call this False Class Consciousness. Marx explains that passing the dominant ideology from the ruling class to the working class isn’t all of the job, they have to then maintain...
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