...TERRORISM, WAR, PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FACULTY GUIDEBAC 445 FONTBONNE UNIVERSITY OPTIONS BACHELOR OF ARTS IN CONTEMPORARY STUDIES COURSE DESCRIPTION This course will explore ethical, theoretical, and practical questions relating to terrorism, the engagement of war, cultural and ethnic conflicts. This course will explore why we wage war, the development of terrorism and its impact on societies, society’s quest for peace and the methods attempted to achieve peace. This course will also explore the concept of human rights and how terrorism and war impact these rights. © Copyright Fontbonne University, St. Louis, MO, January 2007. COURSE OVERVIEW TOPICS • Historic and philosophical positions on war • Contemporary moral foundations on war • Human rights • Terrorism • Humanitarian intervention and preemptive war • Religious positions on war • Toward a theory of just peace COURSE OVERVIEW INTRODUCTORY NOTES TO FACULTY The subjects of war, peace, terrorism and human rights are daily fare in the media. While people form strong opinions on these matters and tend to regard them as right or wrong, many do not have the skills to analyze and clearly articulate a rationale for their positions. The purpose of this course is thus twofold: to equip students with the ethical theories needed to make a judgment...
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...1. How is reality seen by each approach? In first order cybernetics, reality is discovered through observation without the observer being influenced in process. To ensure such, the observer place themselves outside the system, where they can observe what is goes into and comes out of it so that they can initiate change (Becvar & Becvar, 2009). In second order cybernetics, the observer is recognised as a part of, or participant in that what is observed. Perception of both the observer and the observed is recognised. Reality is constructed other being recognised as something that is out there. Becvar & Becvar (in Baron, 2007) is cited as stating that, first and second order cybernetics are consistent with each other in the assumption that, reality is understood as perceptually constructed or created. Baron (2007) noted that, reality from first cybernetics approach maybe explained and interpreted from an isolated remote position, while a second order approach is aware that it is not possible to understand other’s reality without being a part of it during the process. The focus on context and communication is of utmost relevance in both approaches. The therapists attempt to understand the context through examination of individual perceptions, meanings and prevailing social system within which the relationships are included. Becvar & Becvar (2009) emphasized that, from a cybernetics perspective, meaning is derived from the relation between individuals and elements as each defines...
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...Table of contents Plagiarism Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………………….page 1. Table of contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………page 2 Question 1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 3 Question 2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 4 Question 3 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 6. Question 4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 6 Question 5 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 7 Question 6……………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 8 Question 7 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 9 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 10 . Question 1: First – order cybernetics adheres to a set of principles that we can name and define as follows: 1. Recursion: Recursion can be defined as “ relating to or constituting a procedure that can repeat itself indefinitely or “ one step of a procedure involves invoking the procedure itself “.( Wikipedia 2015). If we translate this principle to simple cybernetics we can say that this theory does not seek a linear cause of a situation like in A occurs and then B occurs because of A. But sees, for example, people in a family influence each other and each other’s behaviours and this is a constant flow of influence. So the reciprocal relationship is important : “ …meaning is derived from the relationship between individuals …. as each defines the other “.(Becvar and Becvar 2014 8th ed , p 70 ). The use of this principle...
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...Family Systems Theory LaTova Quattlebaum Simmons College Family Theory September 24, 2015 Family Systems Theory The family systems theory has many strengths, one being that it “encourages nurses to see individual clients as participating members of a larger family system” (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, & Hanson, 2015, p. 76). That being said working labor and delivery this concept holds true as the birth of an infant affects everyone in the family not just the woman, all roles within the family system are switched and everyone has to adapt. That adaptation could be adaptive or maladaptive in order to maintain stability (Kaakinen et al, 2015, p. 76). A weakness is that the theory maybe too “abstract for beginners” (Kaakinen et al, 2015, p. 79). Healthcare facilities appear to focus on the individual rather than the family, with that happening it makes it harder for new nurses to recognize the importance of “a family as a whole, is greater than the members of the family” ( Kaakinen et al, 2015, p.79). Looking at the family as a whole, during the laboring and birthing process, it is essential to take care of the mom laboring, but as equally as important to care for those attending the labor (i.e. dad, grandparents, and siblings) as their negative experiences could ruin the entire labor experience for the family as a whole. References Kaakinen, J. R., Coehlo, D. P., Steele, R., Tabacco, A., & Hanson, S. H. (2015). Family health care nursing: Theory...
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...PYC4808 Ecosystemic Psychology Assignment Two Question 1 : Name and define the first-order cybernetic principles as described in your prescribed textbook. When viewing first-order cybernetics, we observe from the outside of what is going on in the system. We do not view ourselves as part of the system and do not concern ourselves with what the system does or why it does it. What we are concerned with is describing what is happening in the system. We aim to answer questions such as, “who are members of the system?, what are the characteristic patterns of interaction in this system?, what rules and roles form the boundaries of the system and distinguish it as separate from other systems?. “(Becvar & Becvar 2014. Pg 69 ) In first-order cybernetics we also attempt to find out how freely information is transmitted in and out of the particular system, as well as view the balance between change and stability within the system. Consistent with the element of recursiveness, the system is one that has reciprocal causalty and not linear and both people and events are mutually interactive and influenced. In order to analyze the family system, relationships and interactions amongst members are viewed instead of viewing the individuals in isolation. From the perspective all systems are influenced and influence each other. From a cybernetic perspective, we acknowledge that an isolated cause/effect event is only a small part of a large pattern of circularity. “Feedback refers to the...
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...A Term Paper on UN peacekeeping and the Role of Bangladesh Submitted to: Dr. Syeda Rozana Rashid Assistant professor Department of International Relations Submitted by: Roksana Mohammed(rk-56) Nafisa Noor(km-76) 2nd year 3rd semester Date of submission:11.05.2013 Abstract Peacekeeping operations by the UN are the operations designed to restore or protect the peace in certain areas of conflict. Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the United Nation to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. Bangladesh has contributed the largest amount of troops in the UN peacekeeping operations. Bangladesh’s troops is being praised and honored by world widely because of its efficiency in UN Peacekeeping operations. This term paper is based on the activities of UN Peacekeeping and the role of Bangladesh in the UN peacekeeping missions. Bangladesh Army started its journey in the UN Peacekeeping mission in 1988.Bangladesh Armed Forces has so far participated in 52 Peacekeeping missions in 40 countries. This paper also regards with the view of the performance of troops of Bangladesh in UN peacekeeping missions and the importance of Bangladesh’s role in Peacekeeping mission as the contributor of the highest number of troops. The various issues with the troops of Bangladesh are also provided in the paper. References are also included in this paper. Content * Methodology………………………………………………………………pg-01 ...
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...line to present his feelings and emotion. From aggression to peaceful, Goldworthy presented an array of emotions. I noted some of the examples of how Andy uses line to present emotion. One emotion that I detected was freedom. He talked about how water was so unpredictable and free and in one of his pieces; he connected dozens of green leaves and formed a line with them. He then put those leaves in a river. The leaves’ movement was not predictable and showed freedom. Goldworthy also depicted peacefulness in one of his pieces. Andy woke up early one morning before sunrise and worked on an ice sculpture. Ice is peaceful to me because it his frozen and never moving, depicting stillness and peace. The sculpture was finished just as the sun rose and gleamed perfectly on the piece, which depicted peace in my eyes. Andy Goldworthy was also passionate about the color red. Red in my eyes shows aggression, anger, and power. In one of his pieces, he would grab different rocks from riverbeds that would produce a deep red color. He would then put that color in several places around the river, which in my eyes depicted aggression. Goldworthy is very passionate about the emotion that he puts in his work and it was clear from the...
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...Jason Palmer ENC 1102 [ 10 June 2013 ] The Vent Analysis Justin Scott (born August 26, 1986), better known by his stage name Big K.R.I.T (King Remembered In Time), is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Meridian, Mississippi. The lyrics of this song are commonly written like most songs with consonance, rhyme, and metaphors. In the case of the song The Vent it is fully written with other figures of language such as, imagery, allusions, that reveal the subject of the song, which is the mind of a person conflicted with emotions and nowhere to go, like holding a filled cup of water and it keeps filling and you have nowhere to empty it as it piles up and starts to overflow before the person drops and breaks the glass as a shattered psyche similar to a mental breakdown. The first topic of discussion is derived from the title. Venting is something we all at some point in our lives have been known to go through. It refers to the very moment when immense emotion is pent up in our mind our souls and most importantly our hearts so we need to find a way to channel these emotions calmly and peacefully through a listening ear. The Vent, like anyone else who has gone through this was a moment in this man's life where he had all of these emotions, these mental aches and pains, and what he goes through when he can no longer repress these emotions and needs to get something off his chest . The writer uses allusion in some parts of the lyrics, trying to explain...
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...Global Peace and Justice Begins at Home. Wars are everywhere. Wars define destruction. Not only does it destroy the Earth and whatnot but what a lot of us, naive people do not realise is that it also destroys the pure innocent minds of the little, chaste children. Many of us people misunderstand the concept of opening the minds of the kids to wars. The main reason why we do so is to make sure that the kids would not start any wars and let the peace on Earth sustain. Without realising the consequences, the erroneous thing that people do now is to open the minds of these children to the basic ways of starting a war. Global peace is a personal choice, hour by hour. Ask yourself, "Am I going to add to the fighting in the world? Or offer up something greater?" If you want to obtain peace, then start changing the world by changing the ways you teach these children. They are supposed to be playing hopscotch, filling in colouring books, having pets, playing hide and seek. What happened to that? I no longer see kids doing these things. Based on what I see on the Internet, parents are starting to neglect their responsibilities and instead of teaching their children good things, they are literally teaching them stuff like how to use a gun and how to use army knives. Despite the fact that these kids are still too small to be carrying out these type of activities, they are also too gullible to barely even think about the ramification of learning these stuff. Parents who train their...
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...Essay Title: Is Global Civil Society an answer to War? Introduction War is not a modern phenomenon but as old as human existence itself. Wars are not like natural calamities or phenomenon but are very much part of human existential dynamics that seeks both peace and ability to survive acknowledging its natural competitive behaviour which unlike realist assumptions is conditioned and not natural. However, realism has dominated the field of international relations since the end of World War 11. It dominates political thinking, with exclusive emphasis on the state as the primary actor in world politics. Realists display a very overt pessimistic view of human nature, advocating with religious conviction that selfish human nature drives international relations into conflicts subjugating state to resort to organized violence and wars in order to gain upper hand and to always resort to wars to resolve international conflicts. Thus resulting in a system framed to maximize state’s military power in a predominantly anarchical environment. As a distinct school of thought, Realism emphasizes separation from domestic to international with little or no democratic structures within its sphere. Consequently, warfare has remained an institutionalized social order against the predatory behavior of others and consequently a legitimate instrument of survival. Moreover, growth in the size of armies and the development of weapons technology has led to an increase in the frequency of wars resulting...
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...Peacemaking in the School Systems War versus Peace War and peace, people have heard this phrase from such things as movies, marriages, sports figures and owners, union workers and employers. Because conflict generally involves two or more parties, each person tries to find the balance between the conflict and the solution in order to find the peace he or she seeks. There is a fine line between conflict and peace. For individuals looking to find peace sometimes it takes a conflict to open his or her eyes to a solution for the problem. What is a conflict? For there to be a conflict there has to be some type of situation that each party does not agree upon. This results in the conflict. One person may view the situation one way while the other individual has a completely different view of the situation. Meeting in the middle is where each individual needs to meet but sometimes that is easier said than done. Finding a solution becomes the main focus when people have conflicts with one another. Individuals on each side of the conflict do not want to give in because they feel as if this is a submission of failure or loss of their own goals. According to Myers (2010), “People in conflict perceive that one side’s gain is the other’s loss:” (pg. 483). What is Peacemaking? Peacemaking starts with a compromise where each person experiencing the conflict can reach the goal or action he or she is trying to reach. Peace is achieved by each individual analyzing his or her...
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...him. This links to how war can be justified because Jesus Gods only son did not punish those who purposely killed him without reason. So to punish those with to an extent have a valid reason could be seen as hypocritical. Augustine believed that justified wars were commanded by God in the bible and split his theory into two parts they are; jus ad bellum-just reasons for going to war, and jus in bello-just practice in war. This was then further developed by Aquinas. Jus ad bellum contains seven key points. If these points are met then war can be justified. The points are; just authority-war must be ordered by legitimate authority, just cause-there must be just reason for going to war, just intention- war must be intended to achieve lasting peace, proportionality- the injustice which led to the war must be proportionate to the damage it causes, last resort- all peaceful alternatives must...
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...Just War theory is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics studied by theologians, ethicists, policy makers and military leaders. The purpose of the doctrine is to ensure war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just. The criteria are split into two groups: ‘the right to go to war’ and ‘right conduct in war’ . The first concerns the morality of going to war and the second with moral conduct within war. Recently there have been calls for the inclusion of a third category of just war theory - jus post bellum - dealing with the morality of post-war settlement and reconstruction. Just War theory postulates that war, while very terrible, is not always the worst option. There may be responsibilities so important, atrocities which can be prevented or outcomes so undesirable they justify war. Origins The Indian epic, the Mahabharata, offers one of the first written discussions of a 'just war'. In it, one of five ruling brothers asks if the suffering caused by war can ever be justified, and then a long discussion ensues between the siblings, establishing criteria like proportionality, just means, just cause, and fair treatment of captives and the wounded. The war in Mahabharata is preceded by context that develops the "just cause" for the war including last minute efforts to reconcile differences to avoid war. At the beginning of the war, there is the discussion of "just conduct" appropriate...
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...Happiness: A State of Mind What is happiness? I believe happiness is a state of my mind. I tried to observe myself when do I truly feel well? I realized when I am happy I feel well, even if I was physically ill or medically diagnosed as ill if I am very happy right now I would feel well. There are many ways to describe happiness only those who are happy know what it means to be happy and I believe there is no one who was not happy at some point of their life. Everybody was happy but the problem was maintaining it. I hear people say they are happy when things are going well or going their way, when something doesn’t go the way they expected then their happy feeling disappears. I took some time and ponder over my mind’s chatter, I realized that much of the time my thoughts are driven or controlled by external circumstances. And I have also realized that when my reasons of being happy or unhappy depends on some external conditions then the happiness are not stable. Because I believe if that’s what my happiness depends upon, since people and circumstances cannot controlled on every event or moment of life, my happiness will always be in the hands of others. It would always be at the whim of my circumstances. Once I was greatly impressed by the following aphorism of Eleanor Roosevelt "Nobody can make you feel inferior without your permission." I believe to be happy a man needs to do two things, he needs to stop relaying on external events and circumstances for his happiness...
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...Unit 8, M1: Analyse the impact f war and conflict on one UK public service. D1: Evaluate the impact of war, conflict and terrorism on one UK public service. The act that the British Public Services frolic in these fights is not always the same; this way that the results on ability workers will vary from one kind of involvement to another. (Gray) Role | Effects on individuals and the service | Direct military combat | The results of involving in direct military combat are well documented. People could lose their lives; be harshly and perpetually injured; observer traumatic scenes managing to psychological difficulties, encompassing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), slump, alcoholism and suicide. They could observer the demises of friends, civilians and colleagues. There could be afterward results from exposure to chemical or biological agents. (Gray)The service will demand to substitute capitulated workers and supplies and be able to reflect on flaws in supplies and strategy and enhance for subsequent time; it could additionally retrain workers in light of the aftermath of a conflict. This can transpire afterward each fight such as the situation in Iraq. Military combat is frequently a basis of dignity for people and military units. A triumph increases the impact of the armed forces. (Gray) | Peacekeeping | Public Services encompassed in peacekeeping procedures additionally run the chance of being encompassed in direct military combat. Peacekeepers are...
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