...Hannah Arendt’s essay, On the Nature of Totalitarianism offers some very distinct definitions of ideologies and totalitarianism. Ideologies when used by a political leader drive their totalitarian movement. Elements such as rascism or anti-Semitism are real issues, however they become ideologies when a dictator pretends to frame a group of people, the Jews for example, for the fall of their nation. It is unfortunate and unfathomable to think the Nazi Party could rule over the nation on a foundation of lies. Enough people were brainwashed into believing that race ideology was “a living reality” (351). How could this many people accept these ideologies and have it result in the death of 6 million Jews and 5 million others? Once again, what was...
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...Hannah Arendt on the History of the Modern Jew and its Ties to Totalitarianism German-born, Jewish philosopher Hannah Arendt made her literary debut with her book The Origins of Totalitarianism which she published in 1951 to discuss the roots of Naziism, Jewry, and totalitarianism as present in current society. Arendt’s work can still be looked at today as an analysis of how totalitarianism can come to be. Additionally, it can be used as a warning for signs of totalitarianism today and help prevent it from coming to power. Arendt claims modern Jewry, a product of the French Revolution, was followed by the development of anti semitism which led to the Holocaust and totalitarianism in Germany. Towards the end of the French Revolution in the...
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...The majority of Hannah Arendt’s work emerged after she and her husband fled to the United States in 1941 due to the outbreak World War II and having to serve detention in a camp as an, “enemy alien,” because of evidence she had gathered of the regime’s anti-Semitism. It was ten years later that she became a legal citizen of the United States. Arendt wrote for Aufbau, a German language newspaper, and also was a director of research for the Commission on European Jewish Cultural Reconstruction. Hannah Arendt’s work and ideas cannot be put together onto one single spectrum of ideas or argument on one topic. Her thoughts and works cover totalitarianism, the nature of freedom, revolution, and the power of thought and judgment (Hannah Arendt). Her first major piece of work was completed in 1951 and is known as The...
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...Power. Authority. Violence A research paper highlighting the relation between the three terms: power, authority and violence, and the nature of violence and power in Hannah Hannah Arendt’s theory in her book ‘Crises of the Republic’. ------------------------------------------------- Sushrut S. Vaidya (20155042) Hannah Arendt (1906 – 1975) was a political theorist, who through her theories got the recognition of a philosopher and framed the thoughts of many political theorists to come through her topics on the nature of power, authority and totalitarianism. Through this paper, I shall be talking about my take on the relation between the three fundamentals of Hannah Arendt’s theory in her book ‘Crises of the Republic’. The relation that I will be deriving is between her theory of power, authority and violence. I hope to be, at the end of this paper, be able to provide an input as to where the ideal culminated theory lies and be able to put forward a few points on the continued flow of power. Power, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as the ability to act or produce an effect or as the possession of control, authority or influence over others. Power, has evolved into its many forms as it was practiced through time. Turning back time to back when primordial man asserted his power over others to the beginning of civilized life to the time where empires began and required ruling to the creation of the ‘modern man’, power has been exercised multiple...
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...5 mark questions practice What is politics? Politics, in its broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. Although politics is also an academic subject (sometimes indicated by the use of ‘Politics’ with a capital P), it is then clearly the study of this activity. Politics is thus inextricably linked to the phenomena of conflict and cooperation. On the one hand, the existence of rival opinions, different wants, competing needs and opposing interests guarantees disagreement about the rules under which people live. On the other hand, people recognize that, in order to influence these rules or ensure that they are upheld, they must work with others – hence Hannah Arendt’s definition of political power as ‘acting in concert’. This is why the heart of politics is often portrayed as a process of conflict resolution, in which rival views or competing interests are reconciled with one another. However, politics in this broad sense is better thought of as a search for conflict resolution than as its achievement, as not all conflicts are, or can be, resolved. What is the difference between power and authority? Power is the ability of an individual or institution to force people to do things, whether they wish to or not. There are various forms of power, the strongest of which is coercion – the use of physical force. The most extreme cases of coercion are seen under totalitarian regimes, where execution, torture...
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...en muchos sentidos la progresión de nuestra historia se asemeja a un bucle; aunque claro está que muchos dirán que tal afirmación no es verdad, porque si aquélla fuera cierta dónde quedarían todos los avances científicos, tecnológicos, industriales, arquitectónicos, económicos, artísticos, entre otros, que hemos visto a través del desarrollo de la especie humana. Por supuesto, nada de esto se puede negar, pero si nos remitimos exclusivamente a la razón, al comportamiento, a las acciones que desencadena nuestro pensamiento racional, lo planteado comienza a cobrar sentido. Para analizar esto con algo más de detalle, podemos abordar los tres últimos siglos, por medio de figuras históricas como Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx y Hannah Arendt. De tal manera, en el siglo XVIII Kant en su texto “Respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué es la ilustración?”, expresa la necesidad del hombre de salir de la minoría de edad, la cual se puede entender como la falta de capacidad del hombre para razonar por sí mismo, dependiendo de otros (como el Estado) para tomar sus decisiones; incapacidad que se origina porque es más cómodo y fácil permanecer en la ignorancia y dejar que sea otro el que decida el rumbo de nuestras acciones, que esforzarnos para pensar por nosotros mismos, que tener el valor para trabajar duro por la libertad, por la libertad para pensar,...
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...As one of the greatest and most original thinkers and political theorists of the twentieth century, Hannah Arendt's whole life may be said magnanimous, the identity of American German Jews, Heidegger's favorite pupil, experience during World War II, and the achievement in philosophy. These factors give us enough interest to find out her stories. The film "Hannah Arendt" has chosen a very important turning point in her life. The plot is about the before and after the publication about the special comment to Eickermann in “New Yorker”. The moive uses a small aspect through her life to interpret her philosophy. As the Arendt in the reality, the Arendt on the film also always carries a cigartte on her hand, especially the curl of the cigarette...
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...philosophers is Hannah Arendt. Most of Hannah Arendt’s thoughts apply to totalitarianism, revolution, the nature of freedom and the faculties of thought and judgement. The power and innovative thought process is noticeable in many of her works, for example The origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition, On Revolution, The Life of the Mind, and a variety of her other essays. The majority of these works focused on important political events and crisis which of the time, trying to identify the meaning, historical importance and affects on the moral and political judgement of people. (D’Entreves, M. 2006) Hannah Arendt, was born on October 14, 1906, in Hanover, Germany. Born to Paul and Martha (Cohn) Arendt, she was the only child. Arendt was raised in Konigsberg by her jewish father and mother, later moving to Berlin. At the age of seven, her father Paul died due to paresis. In 1920, her mother married Martin Beerwald, whom had two of his own children Eva and Clara Beerwald , into Hannah Arendt’s home. ( Hannah Arendt - Biography.(n.d.))...
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...LK BA5/C1: PS LK - Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte -Hannah Arendt WiSe 2010 Universität Wien Institut für Politikwissenschaft Übung 3 (Handout) Hannah Arendt (2003): Macht und Gewalt, München – Zürich, 15. Auflage, S. 36-58 Winter Semester 2010 Lv-Leiter: Matthias Falter About the Author: Hannah Arendt (October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was an influential German Jewish political theorist. Arendt's work deals with the nature of power, and the subjects of politics, authority, and totalitarianism. Power and Violence: * Historically viewed, violence is not looked at as a single phenomenon. It was believed that force and power are synonymous (p. 36) * Force considered as the most blatant manifestation (form) of power. (p. 36) * In a constitutional state with parliamentary representation, the population controls the state, therefore has power. The power of the state declines as soon as it loses support of its nation. (p. 42) * Power depends on numbers and figures, whereas violence depends on numbers to only a certain extent because it depends more on the tools of violence. * Extreme case of power: All against one (p. 43) * Extreme case of violence: One against all (not possible without violent tools and instruments) (p. 43) * Reason why the keywords power, force, strength, authority and violence are used synonymous in political science is because the relevant question is “who rules...
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...immigrated to the United States. She started to be recognised as an influential political thinker after the publication of her work “Origins of Totalitarianism” (1951). One of the topics that Arendt also studied in depth was the subject of violence, which links to our real life situation of the attacks on the Ariana Grande concert. She even published an analysis of the causes, the essence and significance of violence, in...
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...It is too obvious that Communism and Fascism resemble each other like two drops of fresh water. However, there are very few historians and sociologists have compared these two greatest expressions of modern totalitarianism, which has a strong ideological stench. The German philosopher and political theorist Hannah Arendt, made the comparison and "The Origins of Totalitarianism," published in 1951, showed that these two social experiments who trounced the twentieth century are twins. If we refer to encyclopedias and essays on the subject, fascism is a political ideology that raises collectivism over individualism, places the state and the nation above individual, rejects the "bourgeois democracy", the free market, capitalist competition,...
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...just as passive consumers of literature, but as active participants in an ongoing dialogue. O Credit Requirement: -Each student must give two twenty minute oral presentations. Required Work Load: -As this course is registered as a C, and O (oral) 300 level course, each student will be required to keep up with the workload of the course. Students will read 200-300 pages a week, complete weekly short reflection papers, give two twenty minute oral presentations, and complete a 20 page research paper over the course of the semester. Weekly Schedule (subject to change) Week 1 (Jan 27): The Great Dream: Anxiety and the Lure of Utopia in Fin de Siècle European Jewry -Theodor Herzl: Excerpts from Altneuland and Der Judenstaat -Hannah Arendt:...
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...achieving its totalitarianism ambitions? The first time Mussolini used the term ‘totalitarian’ was in a speech at the Fascists Party’s fourth national congress in 1995*1 , he declared the ‘goal that is defined as our ferocious totalitarian will be pursued with even greater ferociousness’*1 . There is no doubt that Benito Mussolini was a very determined dictator. His aim was to create a long lasting Fascist Italy*1. In order to achieve his aim he required the total involvement and participation of every member of the state, in other words he needed to ‘Fascistize the masses’*1. Unfortunately Fascism was a very ambitious plan that failed to properly execute its aims*2. In order to delve deeper into the ways that Mussolini failed in his totalitarianism aims, we must first define what totalitarianism is. The essence of totalitarianism can be seen as a regime’s total control of the everyday life of its citizens, of its control, and more particularly of their thoughts and attitudes as well as their activities *3. A totalitarian dictatorship must have an elaborate ideology, a single mass party which is led by the ‘dictator’, a system of terror, near complete control over weapons of armed combat, control over all means of effective mass communication including the press, radio and cinema, and finally central control over the entire economy*3. While Mussolini dabbled in all of these areas he failed to execute them in an effective manner. It is interesting to note Hannah Arendt’s theories...
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...GLOBALIZATION BACKLASH AND THE RISE OF ANTI-HEGEMONIC PARTY STATES Diego Olstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem Contents Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………..5 Part I: Principle Chapter 1: Defining Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………………………….18 Chapter 2: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Domestic Features of Political Regimes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Chapter 3: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Exogenous Perspective on Political Regimes……………………………………………………………………………………………75 Part II: History Chapter 4: The Global Rise of Anti-Hegemonic Party States and Globalization Backlash 1917-1945...…………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 5: The Big Leap of Anti-Hegemonic Party States: The Second Wave 1946-1975…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………111 Chapter 6: Globalization Anew and the Marginalization of Anti-Hegemonic Party States 1976-2010………………………………………………………142 Conclusions Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State In 1997 the European Commission defined Globalization “as the process by which markets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. It is not a new phenomenon but the continuation...
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...Trustees of Princeton University Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989 Author(s): Timur Kuran Source: World Politics, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Oct., 1991), pp. 7-48 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2010422 . Accessed: 26/02/2011 05:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cup. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Cambridge University Press and Trustees of Princeton University...
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