1. Describe the issues. In your definition, consider the extent of issues such as who it affects and the impact on health. Include reference to two sources of epidemiological data to support your description.
The group I am going to focus is Native American a segment of the population which includes American Indians, Alaska’s indigenous populations, and Native Hawaiians. They are extremely at risk at tobacco smoking .The rate of Tabaco smoking is extremely high in that group than many other cultural groups. According to lung cancer alliance organisation, leading diseases causes of death for Native Americans in 2006 are the disease that are usually caused from smoking such as Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases, lung cancer, heart attack, asthma, kidney cancer, liver cancer and diabetes . When an individual in the community smoke, people around them are also affected because when someone smoke , people near that person can easily pick up smoke as well which may lead to respiratory problem from hailing all that smoke.

FIGURE. Lung cancer incidence,* by race/ethnicity and and U.S. census region - c --United States, 1998--200

2. Discuss the influence of cultural traditions and habits within the group that contribute to the health issue.
High rate of tobacco smoking in Native Americans is mostly influenced by their cultural traditions and habits such as:- 1) Their religious belief that the smoke of tobacco carries prayers to the heavens. Therefore communal smoking of a blessed tobacco pipe is a common ceremonial of many Native American tribes. It was considered as a holy part of their religion. 2) Smoking tobacco was largely done after the evening meal and before going to sleep which is part of their leisure in Native American culture. 3) Accessibility and availability of tobacco products. Many Native American tribes operate tobacco stores, including on the Internet, where they are usually discharged from taxes and therefore can sell products cheaper than non-Native American dealers.

3. Develop two actions to help address the health issue. Choose two of the Ottawa Charter action areas (except developing personal skills) as a frame work for developing actions to respond to the health issue. Justify each action you response.
Building healthy public policy
As mentioned above, selling and buying tobacco products are very easy for Native Americans which one of the main contributor of their health issue. According to United States law, tobacco is a legal drug as it's a cheap, hardy plant which grows quite easily in poor soil conditions and doesn’t need the same "care" that a more delicate crop might require. Because of this, tobacco quickly became one of the growing USA's best-selling and most widely produced commodity both externally and internally. When concerning about the health of Native Americans and rest of citizens, the government should build a health policy on tobacco smoking since smoking tobacco is the leading cause of deaths of the many citizens regardless of the finance they earn from it therefore the government should make it an illegal drug. This will definitely make a change and significant improvements will be happen regard to risky tobacco smoking in Native Americans.
Since smoking affect not only the smoker, the public places like shopping centres, cinemas and transports must be forbidden to smoke to concern others people and more rules should be make to decrease the rate of having diseases from smoking. This way it’ll protect world’s natural environments.

Creating Supportive environment
School
Although, the hazards of smoking are promoted, many still continue to smoke because there is not enough education about it. Educating about smoking is very important to do at school at the early stage of their life so that the fact about smoking will kept in their mind and will be so hesitate to smoke.
Medias
Develop an anti-tobacco advertising campaign for print, radio, and television media. Use models and situations that appeal to youth. Incorporate anti-tobacco education into youth programs of all types and social networking such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and etcetera.

Families Join anti-smoking strategies to use with their children into all types of programs for parents. Establish homes as smoke-free places. Avoid from smoking, if possible, or at least provide a strong anti-smoking education. Remind older children that they are role models for younger family members, and that many youth begin to smoke because their older siblings do. So, giving up cigarettes will not only improve their own lives, but the lives of their younger relatives. Provide children with good overall supervision and support. Take a parenting skills course to learn how to provide an anti-smoking and rejection skills education at home.
4. Describe in details, two personal skills that individuals within the culture could develop and exercise to support ongoing positive health behaviours in reaction to the issues.
To support the ongoing positive health behaviours in Native American, each person in that community has own responsibilities and they’re the most important people to get involve to improve the health of their community.
Communicating
Firstly to decrease the rate of smoking the only way is to quit smoking. To do so, the smokers should get access to appropriate health service to help them through the stress of losing this part of their life. Health services will be able to provide the smokers coping skills to quit smoking. With the development of communicating skills, they will gain knowledge and able to take control of the factors that affect their health. They will be better to able to make positive decisions about their health.

Decision Making
When making decision it’s important that the decision you made is right. Most Native Americans smoke because of their positive belief toward smoking, however some smoke due to other reasons likes other people. Young people smoke to look mature, to be like their friends, and to experiment. Since they see older people all around them smoking, especially their parents and relatives, they smoke to act older. If their friends or peers smoke, they may feel pressured into doing the same to be accepted. The last reason is the excitement of experimenting with something that is not allowed. In that case it’s very important that they know whether what they believe is right or wrong so they can make right decisions. Same as adult they smoke different reasons. Adults smoke to overcome with the stress from works, family, and financial problems. Smoking is not something that will help them to overcome.

5. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking http://www.tobaccofreemaine.org/channels/special_populations/native_americans.php http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccorelateddiseases/a/smokingrisks.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_smoking http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlID=52 http://www.lungcanceralliance.org/assets/docs/media/Native%20American%20Fact%20Sheet_LCA.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5944a2.htm http://www.native-americans-online.com/native-american-pipe-ceremony.html

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