...enterica are Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Typhi. Salmonella can cause two types of illness; nontyphoidal salmonellosis and typhoid fever. Salmonella communicates with fellow bacteria via AHL (Acyle Homeoserine Lactone). Infecting the cell, multiplies, then bursts the cell. Salmonella symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting and headaches. It takes between six and seven hours to become ill, usually lasting three to four days, but some bacteria may be presented for much longer. * How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? The infection is mostly caused by ingestion by contaminated food, water or fecal particles. This bacteria is found within humans, farmed, pets and birds, particularly chickens. Good hygiene along with appropriate food handling, storage and cooking have important roles in preventing disease. Salmonella illness is worldwide and contaminates almost any food type. From raw eggs, raw meat, egg products, fresh vegetables, cereal, pistachio, nuts, tomatoes and contaminated water. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and hot running water, disposing of paper towels and avoid using cloth towels to prevent the spread of bacteria from one person to another. * What is an example of a real life outbreak of this foodborne illness in the United States? The most recently, salmonella outbreak in...
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...bacterium is found in foods like cereals, soil and dust. When you are suffering from food poisoning from this bacterium the common symptoms are pain, diarrhoea and vomiting but subside within about 24 hours. These can be stopped by avoiding having to reheat cooked rice. How can the risk of infection with Bacillus cereus be minimised? Keep prepared foods under refrigeration (5°C) until you are ready to serve. Keep hot foods at a temperature greater than 60°C.Try to avoid preparing foods too far in advance. For heated products that are going to be eaten at a later time ensure that the product is correctly cooled after cooking. The Food Standard Code requires food businesses to cool the food: From 60°C to 21°C within two hours, and From 21°C to 5°C within a further four hours. Cooling cooked food in shallow containers, with good airflow around each container, will help achieve this. Wash hands with hot soapy water and dry thoroughly before preparing food. Keep utensils and kitchen clean. Campylobacter- This is found in raw poultry and meat, milk and animals including pets. Symptoms include diarrhoea which is often bloody. When you suffer from food poisoning due to this bacterium the symptoms are diarrhoea, cramps, a fever and vomiting this could last from 2 to 10 days. This can be stopped by always cooking meat especially poultry, to safe minimum temperatures. Keep raw meat, especially poultry, separate from other food and don’t drink raw or unpasteurized milk. When you are already...
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...bacterium is found in foods like cereals, soil and dust. When you are suffering from food poisoning from this bacterium the common symptoms are pain, diarrhoea and vomiting but subside within about 24 hours. These can be stopped by avoiding having to reheat cooked rice. How can the risk of infection with Bacillus cereus be minimised? Keep prepared foods under refrigeration (5°C) until you are ready to serve. Keep hot foods at a temperature greater than 60°C.Try to avoid preparing foods too far in advance. For heated products that are going to be eaten at a later time ensure that the product is correctly cooled after cooking. The Food Standard Code requires food businesses to cool the food: From 60°C to 21°C within two hours, and From 21°C to 5°C within a further four hours. Cooling cooked food in shallow containers, with good airflow around each container, will help achieve this. Wash hands with hot soapy water and dry thoroughly before preparing food. Keep utensils and kitchen clean. Campylobacter- This is found in raw poultry and meat, milk and animals including pets. Symptoms include diarrhoea which is often bloody. When you suffer from food poisoning due to this bacterium the symptoms are diarrhoea, cramps, a fever and vomiting this could last from 2 to 10 days. This can be stopped by always cooking meat especially poultry, to safe minimum temperatures. Keep raw meat, especially poultry, separate from other food and don’t drink raw or unpasteurized milk. When you are already...
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...agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? Infectious agent (pathogen called Staphylococcus aureus. In medical literature it is abbreviated to staph or S.aureus, it is a bacterium that causes infections. Commonly found on the skin and mostly in the nose and throat of 25% of healthy animals and humans. Depending on the strain type, it can cause skin infections like boils, pimples, abscesses, and carbuncles. Also pneumonia, endocartitis, toxic shock syndrome, and meningitis are life threatening diseases that can be caused by staph. Some strains also cause food poisoning. Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MARSA) has developed antibiotic resistance. A half of million people are treated medically each year due to staph infections. How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? This agent is not necessarily transmitted through food or water, more through direct person-to-person contact. It can be transmitted through food by improper food handling and poor hygiene of food handlers. Staph is a common hospital infection due to health care providers being carriers of the bacteria, can be easily contaminated by contact with nose. Skin-to-skin is the most significant mode of transmission. What is an example of a real life outbreak of this foodborne illness in the United States? A real life outbreak of foodborne staph happened in north east Florida on September 27, 1997. Guests at a retirement party got staphylococcus intoxication from ham and rice pilaf that...
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...What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? For example, the name of the bacteria, virus, or parasite. The foodborne illness I choose was Salmonella. Salmonella is a bacteria that causes an infection known as Salmonellosis. A person that is infected with Salmonella gets diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after being infected. Salmonella usually last four to seven days and most people recover without treatment. People with severe diarrhea must be hospitalized. The Salmonella can spread in from the intestines to the bloodstream and other parts of the body and can cause death of not treated quickly with antibiotics. People with a weak immune system, elderly, and infants are more likely to have a severe reaction to the illness. How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? Salmonella is spread through food and water by under cooking food and cross contamination. It is present in uncooked meat and on eggs. So when eggs and meats are not cooked properly the bacteria can survive and infect the people who eat it. When you cook the food thoroughly it will kill Salmonella bacteria. Cross contamination is when the bacteria spreads from something that has the bacteria to something that does not. When people use cutting boards, mixers and other kitchen equipment for foods with Salmonella and then use those same equipment for ready to serve food without properly cleaning them can spread the bacteria. What is...
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...die. These illnesses and deaths are preventable. Workers exposed to hot and humid conditions are at risk of heat illness, especially those doing heavy work tasks or using bulky protective clothing and equipment. Some workers might be at greater risk than others if they have not built up a tolerance to hot conditions. What is heat illness? The body normally cools itself by sweating. During hot weather, especially with high humidity, sweating isn't enough. Body temperature can rise to dangerous levels if precautions are not taken. Heat illnesses range from heat rash and heat cramps to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat stroke requires immediate medical attention and can result in death. How can heat illness be prevented? Remember three simple words: Water, Rest, and Cool. Employers should educate their workers on how drinking water often, taking breaks, and limiting time in the heat can help prevent heat illness. They should include these prevention steps in worksite training and plans. Employers should also teach employees to gradually build up to heavy work in hot conditions because this helps you build tolerance to the heat - or become acclimated. They should take steps that help workers become acclimated, especially workers who are new...
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.......4 1. How to fight aging....................................................5 2. Are you anxious?......................................................6 3. Care for your heart while you sleep.........................7 4. How to avoid cancer caused by smoking.................8 5. Avoid eye problems caused by T.V. and mon.itors..9 6. How to beat asthma................................................10 7. Losing weight: The Pakistani method....................12 8. What todo when you get something in your eye....13 9. A few tricks for treating insect bites......................14 10. How to get rid of liver spots.................................15 11. Treat diarrhea without medication.......................16 12. Use seaweed to stimulate your immune system...17 13. How to prevent motion sickness - naturally.........18 14. The anti-allergy vitamin.......................................19 15. How to prevent Flatulence (Aerophagy)..............20 16. How to put an end to heartburn...........................21 27 of the best health “tips” 3 17. A miracle remedy.................................................22 18. Reducing your cholesterol....................................24 19. Digest better.........................................................26 20. Menstrual cramps - suffer no more!.....................28 21. Stop catching colds...............................................30 22. Use heat to cure....................................................31 23. How to combat...
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....4 1. How to fight aging....................................................5 2. Are you anxious?......................................................6 3. Care for your heart while you sleep.........................7 4. How to avoid cancer caused by smoking.................8 5. Avoid eye problems caused by T.V. and mon.itors..9 6. How to beat asthma................................................10 7. Losing weight: The Pakistani method....................12 8. What todo when you get something in your eye....13 9. A few tricks for treating insect bites......................14 10. How to get rid of liver spots.................................15 11. Treat diarrhea without medication.......................16 12. Use seaweed to stimulate your immune system...17 13. How to prevent motion sickness - naturally.........18 14. The anti-allergy vitamin.......................................19 15. How to prevent Flatulence (Aerophagy)..............20 16. How to put an end to heartburn...........................21 27 of the best health “tips” 3 17. A miracle remedy.................................................22 18. Reducing your cholesterol....................................24 19. Digest better.........................................................26 20. Menstrual cramps - suffer no more!.....................28 21. Stop catching colds...............................................30 22. Use heat to cure....................................................31 23. How to combat...
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...Importance of Lead Poisoning * It can cause serious harmful problems effects on the body including: hearing, anemia, peripheral neuropathies, wrist/foot drop, encephalopathy, seizures, coma, and even death. It can also cause children to have lower IQ scores and behavioral issues. * Lead stays within the body for decades, stored within the bones of the human body. * In pregnant women, lead can cross the placental barrier and cause harm to the fetus such as reduced growth and prematurity. Importance of Lead Poisoning * It can cause serious harmful problems effects on the body including: hearing, anemia, peripheral neuropathies, wrist/foot drop, encephalopathy, seizures, coma, and even death. It can also cause children to have lower IQ scores and behavioral issues. * Lead stays within the body for decades, stored within the bones of the human body. * In pregnant women, lead can cross the placental barrier and cause harm to the fetus such as reduced growth and prematurity. Lead Poisoning in Infants Lead Poisoning in Infants Resources Available * Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Program (Tucson)-Serves low-income families with children under 6 years old. 310 N. Commerce Park Loop, Tucson, AZ 85745 520-791-4171 * Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program-Focuses on food, candies, Mexican folk remedies, and ceramics 150 N. 18th Ave., Ste. 130, Phoenix, Az 85007 602-364-3118 * National Resource * Web-Based Resource ...
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... page 7 References page 8 Introduction "Community psychology concerns the relationships of the individual to communities and society. Through collaborative research and action, Community psychologists seek to understand and to enhance quality of life for individuals, communities and society" (Dalton, Elias & Wandersman, 209, p5) To understand the possible roles of a community psychologist, we need to understand the principles that govern how we appeoach a situation. 1. Principles of community psychology 1.1 Prevention Prevention deals with identifying ways to minimise or prevent the problem from occurring. Treatment is important in cases where the illness has already occured however community psychologists strive to prevent the illness or problem from occurring. Prevention lessens the demand for treatment. 1.2 Change Community psychologists generally work in a non-clinical setting. They aim to effect social change in a broad context. 1.3 Citizen participation Citizen participation is encouraged...
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...came from "vital amines". Classification of Vitamins: There are 13 vitamins which our body requires and these are: • Vitamin A • Vitamin C • Vitamin D • Vitamin E • Vitamin K • Vitamin B: It further includes: 1. Thiamine 2. Riboflavin 3. Niacin 4. Pantothenic acid 5. Biotin 6. Vitamin B-6 7. Vitamin B-12 8. Foliate A vitamin is a component of the balanced diet which our body cannot manufacture on It’s own and we have to consume it directly through food, pills or through tonics. So the vitamins are very important for the daily intake because a deficiency can cause many diseases in our body. The vitamin acts as tiny nutrients in our body. The balanced diet is required to prevent the deficiency of vitamins in our body. The fat-soluble vitamins are those which are soluble in fat with the help of bile acids in our body. These vitamins are absorbed by our body from the intestinal tract. These are stored in liver and fatty tissues. Fat soluble Vitamins are: VITAMIN A: It is necessary for the formation of bone and tissues. The sources of Vitamin A are: Carrots, Green Vegetables , Sweet Potatoes, Pumpkins, Winter Squash , Apricots, Milk And Dairy Products. The benefits of Vitamin A are: • It is essential to fight infection in the body. \ • It is vital for healthy eyes and fights against cataracts and glaucoma. • It plays an important role in replacing worn out tissues with newer tissue in...
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...Southwestern University The Graduate School of Health Science, Management and Pedagogy In Compliance for the Course Requirement in MBA 518 FOOD AND NUTRITION MANAGEMENT Submitted to: Prof. Israel N. Abarratigue Course Adviser Submitted by: Tisha Marie R. Ongcoy MBA- HRM – 1 ASSIGNED TOPIC OUTPUT AND COMPILATION TOPIC : Maintenance of Health through Good Nutrition and Safety Food Practices CONTENTS: 1. Food Related Illness and Allergies 2. Hygiene, Sanitation and Safety Control in Food REFERRENCES: * US NRA ServSafe® Food Manager Certification Course 2011 Module 1. FOOD RELATED ILLNESS AND ALLERGIES 2.1 CLASSIFYING FOODBORNE ILLNESS a. Foodborne Infections * Results when a person eats food contaminating pathogens, which then grow in the intestines and cause illness b. Foodborne Intoxications * Results when a person eats food containing toxins that cause illness c. Foodborne Toxin-Mediated Infections * Result when a person eats food containing pathogens, which then produce illness-causing toxins in the intestines 2.2 BACTERIA THAT CAUSE FOODBORNE ILLNESS a. Bacteria: Basic Characteristic * Living, single-celled organism * Can be carried by food, water, soil, animals, humans or insects * Can be reproduced very rapidly under favorable conditions * Some survive freezing * Some change into a different from called spores to...
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...shape and size. Tangerines are generally cultivated in the U.S. whereas Mandarins are generally cultivated elsewhere. Mandarin has been used in ancient China for centuries; the Chinese believed that Mandarin strengthened both the digestive and liver functions. In France, Mandarin is used as a safe remedy for children in indigestion, hiccups and for problems of the elderly, such as digestive problems; Mandarin is considered to be a very gentle and safe essential oil, when used correctly. This saffron colored oil has a tangy and sweet aroma, and is used in cosmetics, skin care products, and in food products. This oil is often used in creams and body toning lotions to cleanse, firm and refine dull skin. It is believed that Mandarin oil can prevent stretch marks too. Traditionally, Mandarin essential oil has sedative and restorative properties, and is good for treating PMS, poor appetite, colic, and tummy upset. Since it can be soothing and calming, this oil is used for giving children a massage.Mandarin essential oil is extracted by cold expression of the...
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...SCI 241 – Week 5 Assignment: Dehydration Christina Doner Our bodies are made up of mostly water. What does that mean? Exactly how it sounds. Water is found in every part of the body; from tissue, to muscle, and in the bone. Bodies depend on water for lubrication, protection, oxygen in the blood (which too is mainly water), in addition to the delivery of nutrients throughout the body. Consequently, water is essential to the survival of human life. Most importantly, bodies do not store water, resulting in obligatory consumption of water on a daily basis to replenish or restore water that was lost through evaporation or urination. Each person’s body is different, so the best way to configure how much water to consume on a daily basis is to ask a doctor or trained physician. Dehydration occurs when a body is losing more fluids than is consumed, and does not have adequate amount of water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions. Water is crucial in maintaining fluid balance throughout the body. Our bodies require adequate amounts of water in our system to regulate body functions and remain healthy. Some examples of what water does for our bodies are; moistening the eyes, help with chewing and break down of food through the mixture of saliva, and to lubricate and protect our bodies joints. So, the most important task of water is its controlling response to chemical reactions. Water is essential in regulating and maintaining our body’s temperature, assuring it...
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...Women benefit tremendously when taking the pill because it prevents against frequent types of infertility. "The most frequent types of infertility are endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and uterine fibroids (Dickey 2)." The main cause for infertility is endometriosis. The Mayo Clinic defines this as "a painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of the uterus." The tissue just acts as it normally would by menstruating every month or so. As time goes on the tissue gets trapped and does not know how to exit the body. The women may notice this more during her menstrual cycle. Most women describe the pain as menstrual cramps times ten. Another problem women have with lower abdominal pain...
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