...Political culture is defined as the "broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how government should function and politics should operate." The American political culture strongly emphasizes the values of liberty, equality and democracy. There are three types of political culture, as defined by political scientist Daniel Elazer; moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic cultures. Moralistic political culture focuses on the promotion of the public good and advancement of public welfare. Everyone is expected to participate in the political process and are encouraged to pursue civic activities that further promote the public good. In this culture the government is perceived as good and is relied on to further the interests of the people. Individualistic political culture captured those who valued material wealth and personal freedoms. This political culture holds a low value on citizen participation in politics; political matters are to be left to the professionals. The role of the government is extremely limited, their only true responsibility is to ensure stability for the state so that individuals can continue to pursue self-economic interests. Traditionalistic political culture originated...
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...The Dominating Traits of Texas Political culture is the habit of behaviors, values and beliefs as related to government and politics that have developed over time helping to build the political life of a state, region, or country. Texas political cultures have many dominant traits that continually redefine how the people of Texas think of themselves. Texas culture, dating back to the early nineteenth century, began when many people migrated west during the westward expansion forming our rugged individualistic traits which led Texas to develop an economic liberalism (free market) and strong social conservatism (traditional values). “Rugged” Individualism began when the migration of the westward expansion brought many people to Texas looking for a better life that the East could not provide for them. When the new settlers arrived, the frontier areas had no government to provide them with goods or services. Texans soon realized they were individuals in society and would need to find his or her interests and set goals for themselves. Texas’ government believes they should not intervene in a person’s private life or business. Economic liberalism is an ideological belief in organizing the economy by a private individual’s decision. Liberalism is an attempt to limit the power of the state for the sake of individual freedoms and favors the social progress by implementing law and reform rather than revolution. This belief feels equal right and liberty are of great importance. In...
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...As Texas population continues to increase every year, new demands need to be met by the people. The economic development of Texas was influenced by four land-based industries including cattle, cotton, timber, and hydrocarbons. However, as the image of the Lone Star State changed and the population enlarged, these industries were not providing enough jobs and were taking a downturn in Texas business. Thus, business and government leaders took action and restructured the state’s economy. They launched new industrial programs bringing rapid change both nationally and internationally. Currently, Texas is identified as middle class with professionals and businessmen employed by varied enterprises. Some of these enterprises include law firms; universities; federal, state,...
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...2306: Texas Government Review Sheet for Exam 1 ------------------------------------------------- Spring 2016 The purpose of this review sheet for Exam 1 is to provide you with guidance over key terms and concepts. Please note that some of the terms may or may not appear on the exam. In addition, this review sheet is not exhaustive-some concepts and terms not appearing herein may appear on the exam. Chapter 1: Texas Culture and Diversity * Political Culture (definition) * Political Ideology (definition and types, which ideology dominates Texas?) * Conservative * Liberal * Political subcultures (definition, which type(s) do we see in Texas? give examples of policies each type would support) * Moralistic * Individualistic * Traditionalistic * Partisanship * Minnie Fisher Cunningham and the Woman’s Suffrage Movement * The 19th Amendment * Marital Property Act * White Primary * Ku Klux Klan (KKK) * NAACP * LULAC * Smith v. Allwright (1944) * Sweatt v. Painter (1950) * Brown v. Board of Education (1954) * Separate-but-equal doctrine (Plessy v. Ferguson) * United States v. Texas (1970) * Hector Garcia and the American GI Forum * Hernandez v. Texas (1954) * Hernandez v. Driscoll CISD (1957) * Lawrence v. Texas (2003) * The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) * Cultural diversity in Texas and its impact on Texas’s future (demographics, ethnic groups in Texas, important...
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...of the Red Lone State that is Texas, Ms. Jane "Bitzi" Johnson Miller. She is a Conservative Republican with humble beginnings born and raised on a ranch in West Texas. She has profound origins in Texas as she comes from generations of proud Texans. The prosperous entrepreneur is the granddaughter of former governor Joe "Big Daddy" Johnson who was the Texas governor in 1954-1958. As a highly educated individual that knows what it is to work hard and strive for what she wants, being a pro-business individual she started her own software company in Dallas back in 1993 and later sold to Dell Company in 2014 for $2.5 million dollars. She is a recently divorced with two grown children who support her and can attest of what great mother she has been as they grew up admiring of what a hard worker she was to provide for her family. She strived to be a role model to her children and show them that with perseverance and dedication you can achieve anything you set your mind to. This make her very passionate about mothers and children as she knows firsthand how tough it is to be a working mother. Jane “Bitzi” is the example of a strong woman in politics in today’s society, she is conservative in her ways, compassionate in her actions and has a vison of what she beliefs Texas needs and wants, making her the best candidate for the job. Culture and Regional Support Texas is known to be composed of a combination of traditionalistic and individualistic culture rather than moralistic. Its decisions...
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...Jane “Bitzi” Johnson Miller is a leading candidate for the post of the Governor of Texas. Bitzi, as she is fondly known, comes from one of the most famous political families in the state; therefore, she is not a stranger to many residents. She is the granddaughter of Joe “Big Daddy” Johnson, a conservative Republican who served as the Governor of Texas between 1954 and 1958. Apart from that, Bitzi is the cousin to Mike Johnson, a Houston mogul who has built a real estate empire in the city. The Johnson family is well known within the social and economic circles in Texas. The Johnson Family Foundation is a philanthropy started by Joe Johnson, and Jane Johnson Miller recently served as its head of operations till she stepped down to focus on the...
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...gave me the opportunities, what made me be able to be here today, is the open arms of Americans. I have been received. I have been adopted to America. I have gotten all the opportunities because of America. I have seen first hand, coming over here, with empty pockets, but full of dreams, full of desire, full of will, to succeed. But with the opportunities that I had available, I could make it. And that's what I want everyone to be able to do. This is why we have to get back and bring California back where it once was.” – Arnold Schwarzenegger, upon announcing his intention to run for governor of California in 2003 The state of California has been the pace-setter for political, cultural, and technological development to the nation, where dreams begin and are realized. California has a rich political history, a remarkably diverse population, and an exciting...
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...Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to… 1. Evaluate the role of interest groups in Texas. Chapter 7 discussed various forms of participation in the political process. Being an active member of an interest group is yet another form of political participation and a way to exert influence on the government. Chapter 7 also demonstrated that voter participation in Texas is relatively low. This lack of citizen involvement in elections leads to a corresponding increase in the importance and influence of interest groups in Texas politics. Indeed, it is frequently not the individual, or even the more broadly defined “public opinion,” that influences government, but rather these interest groups that have the ear of public officials. However, interest groups are not necessarily “others” but are often “us” as we act in concert with like-minded or similarly interested citizens. An interest group is an organization of individuals sharing common goals that tries to influence governmental decisions. This term is often used interchangeably with the term “lobby group,” although lobbying is a specific activity or technique (discussed later) whereby interest groups attempt to influence legislation. Sometimes the term political action committee (PAC) is also used to refer to interest groups. PACs are organizations that collect and distribute money to candidates and, as such, are a more specialized kind of interest group. Often, broad-based interest groups have PACs associated with...
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...today a multicultural mosaic of over 290 million people of varying race and cultural heritage. American culture portrays a strong sense of regional and ethnic identity, which is represented by a number of subcultures and influenced by the country’s vast geographical and regional differences. America’s influence on business culture across the globe is unmistakable. Understanding the cultural assumptions, values and artefacts are paramount to doing sustainable profitable business in the United states. Page | 2 Group 3 PGPIM DOING BUSINESS IN USA Introduction and starting point problem “Systemlessness is the ultimate American folly” Peter Lawrence, 1996 It is very often complained that Americans have no culture. This is partially true; seen from a European or an Asian point of view, American culture is a little more than 200 years old. The superficiality of American culture seems to be at stake here, and the implicit assumption of those who formulate this criticism seems to be that depth of culture is what allows the intensity of responsibilities. Thus the criticism about the superficiality of American culture is essentially a complaint about the American hegemony. It is a dead lock out of which this presentation will try to lead. In fact, to understand the present American power hegemony, one has to understand the American culture of management. It is a culture shared by a limited number of people, but which claims to be universal in its application. Of course, this...
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...http://ccm.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 6 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/49#BIBL Downloaded from http://ccm.sagepub.com at N E Wales Inst of H E on February 28, 2007 © 2005 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. CCM International Journal of 2005 Vol 5(1): 49–66 Cross Cultural Management A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Jun Yan California State University, USA James G. (Jerry) Hunt Institute for Leadership Research, Texas Tech University, USA ABSTRACT We propose a theoretical model to explain how societal/cultural settings may influence the leadership perception processes of followers and the ways perceived leadership effectiveness can be achieved. We adopt five cultural dimensions – collectivism/ individualism (CI), masculinity/femininity (MASC), power distance (PD), uncertainty avoidance (UA) and fatalism (FT), and relate them to two types of leadership perception modes – recognition-based and inference-based processes, and perceived leadership effectiveness....
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...The International Journal of Organizational Analysis 1997, Vol. 5, No. 2 (April), pp. 156-179 GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS Suresh Gopalan Joan B. Rivera West Texas A&M University India's emergence in the international business arena presents challenges to Western-trained expatriate managers assigned there. These expatriates are familiar with management theories and practices based on value orientations very different from those in India. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientations Framework is used to provide an overview of the different types of cultural values an expatriate manager will confront in Indian society. The impact of Indian values on various management practices, including team composition, leadership, motivation, and human resource management functions is also discussed It is hoped that this examination of the dominant value orientations of Indian employees will facilitate the successful transfer of Western expatriates to India. Over the last two decades, the Pacific Rim countries of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Southeast Asian countries of Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore have achieved tremendous economic success (Adler, 1994; Foster, 1995). A relative newcomer to this group of countries is India, which is emerging as an industrial power to be reckoned with. As a consequence of the free market reforms and economic liberalization programs pursued by the Narasimha Rao administration...
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...members of a state, but as with most fluctuations of the norm, those most disadvantaged and underrepresented are often most affected. An often overlooked consequence of war is the fact that it throws together people from portions of the population which would never otherwise see such proximity. This has historically been at best a double-edged sword for persecuted minorities, African Americans being no exception. In the First World War, for example, African American units were grouped into segregated units under white officers, the majority relegated to often demeaning non-combat support roles. Their mistreatment at the hands of white officers and civilians alike was in some places so bad that it led to armed insurrection, as in Houston, Texas in August 1917. Here, they seized weapons and killed 17 civilians, whereupon the military sentenced 30 black soldiers to death and 41 others to life imprisonment.[1] Those African American troops who served in France, however, were shocked at the relative warmth of their reception. “The French government awarded the Croix de Guerre to the all-black 369th U.S. Infantry regiment, and 171 officers and enlisted men were cited individually for exceptional bravery.”[2] While this surely enlivened their hope and zeal for equality at home, it was just as surely a bitter reminder of their lack of same. As World War II approached, increased need for labor in the defense industry, combined with the mechanization of cotton harvesting, led to a migration...
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...CHAPTER 3 Group Member Diversity CHAPTER OUTLINE Heterogeneous Groups Personality Dimensions Personality Theory Implications of Personality Dimensions Cultural Dimensions Individualism–Collectivism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Masculine–Feminine High Context–Low Context Monochronic Time–Polychronic Time Barriers to Cultural Understanding Gender Dimensions Generational Dimensions Balanced Diversity GroupWork: Personality Preferences GroupAssessment: Identifying Cultural Dialectics ISBN: 0-536-56665-8 63 Working in Groups: Communication Principles and Strategies, Fourth Edition, by Isa N. Engleberg and Dianna R. Wynn. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. 64 Part I Basic Group Concepts HETEROGENEOUS GROUPS When you read or hear the word diversity, you may think about race or about people from other countries. The concept of diversity, however, involves much more than country of origin, skin color, or ethnic heritage. When discussing group communication, we use the term diversity in its most general sense—the quality of being different. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language defines diverse as “made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements.”1 The homogeneous–heterogeneous dialectic is particularly applicable to the study of group membership. As we note in Chapter 1, the prefix homo comes from the Greek language and means “same” or “similar”; hetero means “different.” Thus, a homogeneous...
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...org. . Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 155.33.240.146 on Mon, 5 Aug 2013 09:54:15 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ? Academy of Management Executive, 2000, Vol. 14, No. 1 Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sensemakingn i context Joyce S. Osland and Allan Bird Executive Overview Much of our cross-cultural training and research occurs within the framework of bipolar cultural dimensions. While this sophisticated stereotyping is helpful to a certain degree, it does not convey the complexity found within cultures. People working across cultures are frequently surprised by cultural paradoxes that do not seem to fit the descriptions they have learned. The authors identify the sources of cultural paradoxes and introduce the idea of...
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...(1997),"GAINING A PERSPECTIVE ON INDIAN VALUE ORIENTATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPATRIATE MANAGERS", The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 5 Iss 2 pp. 156 - 179 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028866 Downloaded on: 24 October 2015, At: 06:38 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1038 times since 2006* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Saikat Banerjee, (2008),"Dimensions of Indian culture, core cultural values and marketing implications: An analysis", Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15 Iss 4 pp. 367-378 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600810914157 Colin M. Fisher, Raj Shirolé, Ashutosh P. Bhupatkar, (2001),"Ethical stances in Indian management culture", Personnel Review, Vol. 30 Iss 6 pp. 694-711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005981 Nitish Singh, Hongxin Zhao, Xiaorui Hu, (2005),"Analyzing the cultural content of web sites: A crossnational comparision of China, India, Japan, and US", International Marketing Review, Vol. 22 Iss 2 pp. 129-146 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330510593241 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emeraldsrm:463575 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information...
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