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Interactive Media Web Authoring

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Submitted By monca1702
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Interactive Media Web Authoring
Developing a news portal application
2011/2012 2HND2I Kurt Massa

Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 1 Section 1.................................................................................................................................................. 3 Section 2.................................................................................................................................................. 4 Analysis, Design and Implementation ................................................................................................. 5 Content Management Systems....................................................................................................... 5 Blog ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Site Vs Portal ................................................................................................................................... 5 Open Source Software Content Management Systems ................................................................. 5 Software Used ................................................................................................................................. 6 WCM-P3.2 ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Section 3.................................................................................................................................................. 7 Post New Article .................................................................................................................................. 8 View Comments on an Article............................................................................................................. 9 Post on a Comment....................................................................................................................... 10 Section 4................................................................................................................................................ 11 Test Cases.......................................................................................................................................... 12 Adding Article ................................................................................................................................ 12 Post articles only when logged-in ................................................................................................. 13 Posting comments to a particular article ...................................................................................... 14 Show comments with the corresponding articles ........................................................................ 16 Logging-in successfully .................................................................................................................. 18 Logging-in Unsuccessfully ............................................................................................................. 19 Posting an article with various symbols (Enhancement) .............................................................. 20 Errors ............................................................................................................................................. 21 Section 5................................................................................................................................................ 23 Enhancements .................................................................................................................................. 24 Decisions ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Improvements ............................................................................................................................... 24 Section 6................................................................................................................................................ 25 Criticisms ........................................................................................................................................... 26 Log-in redirection .......................................................................................................................... 26 Registration Confirmation............................................................................................................. 26 Comments/Articles Pages ............................................................................................................. 26

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Password protection on database ................................................................................................ 26 Moderation ................................................................................................................................... 26 Project Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 27 Section 7................................................................................................................................................ 28 User Friendly Interfaces .................................................................................................................... 29 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................... 31

Main Page : http://ict.mcast.edu.mt/ictweb/kurtmass/ E-commerce: http://ict.mcast.edu.mt/ictweb/kurtmass/ecommerce/ E-learning: http://ict.mcast.edu.mt/ictweb/kurtmass/elearning/

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Section 1

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Section 2

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Analysis, Design and Implementation
Content Management Systems A content management system is a collection of software applications that allow users with little or no knowledge of computer programing languages to manipulate the content of a website, adding, removing and changing content with relative ease. These systems require a System Administrator or Web Developer to set-up but once set up they are a tool for non-technical staff. Most content management systems are also linked to a database which stores the page contents and data that might be required. The interface of these systems is also generally also web based.

Blog A Blog is a website or a section of a website which from time to time is updated with new content, generally by one or a collective of individuals. Most blogs also allow the posting of comments and allows users to message one another and it is this interactivity that distinguishes a blog from a static website. This interactivity was also allows the blogger to build a social relationship with his regular readers and commenters. Blogs can take on many forms. They can be used to comment on a particular subject, as a personal diary or as a tool for advertising and company/client relations. Bloggers generally use a multimedia approach when building their blogs utilising a mixture of text, images, videos, music and audio clips to convey their message.

Site Vs Portal A web portal by definition is a website that brings together different contents depending on the user. Different users will have access to different services depending on their interests and/or on their level of authorization. This system allows content to be streamlined to the user’s needs speeding up work flow. On the other hand a web site has static content which is always the same regardless of the user that is viewing it.

Open Source Software Content Management Systems WordPress WordPress is the most straightforward and easy to use. The system is easy to grasp and graphic themes can be modified to fit user requirements by someone familiar with HTML and CSS. There are also many add-on modules are available for users with specific needs. However WordPress is not very adapt to scaling up for large and very complex sites with lots of automatically selected content.

Joomla Joomla while being straightforward to install and set-up it has a steeper learning curve to understand the difference between the three types of pages it uses. It is also not as flexible as Drupal or Plone and it is not ideal if it is going to maintained by several different content authors it does not allow workflow based on section or type of content. However it is also capable of scaling up

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to handle large and complex sites. It also supports add-ons for shopping carts and many other features.

Drupal Drupal offers the best of both worlds between being flexible and able to handle complex systems and being complex to set up and use.

Plone Plone is very robust and powerful. It is the system of choice of major newspapers and businesses since allows near infant workflows with great flexibility and support. Its major downside is the requirement of a custom hosting setup. Creating custom themes is also more complex than other systems.

Software Used The software required in the development of my website was XAMPPLITE’s Apache and MySql Servers to run the php code and host the SQL database. Dreamweaver CS5.5 was also used to develop all the HTML, XHTML and PHP code used in the site.

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Section 3

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Post New Article
1. Make sure you are logged-in before attempting to post a new article. 2. When a user is logged in a link to post article page is shown at the bottom of the news page.

3. Clicking the link loads the new article form.

4. Next the user must write a title and an article. The user must also select an image using the “Choose File” button. When completed the user must simply click “Post”.

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View Comments on an Article
1. From the news page select any article by clicking on it.

2. When the page loads scroll down to the end of the article. Bellow the Comment box the comments (if any) that are on that particular article are displayed.

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Post on a Comment 1. After loading the article you wish to comment on. Scroll to the bottom of the article. 2. In the comment box type the comment you wish to post as well as your name.

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Section 4

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Test Cases
Adding Article Database rows before

Inputting data

Database row after

Result The article was successfully posted to the database table. Test Successful.

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Post articles only when logged-in Articles page before log-in

Logging-in

Articles page after logging-in

Result After logging-in a link to the post article page is shown at the bottom of the News page. Test Successful.

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Posting comments to a particular article

Database rows before

Inputting data

Database row after

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Article page after

Result The comment was successfully posted to the database table and is shown in the corresponding article page. Test Successful.

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Show comments with the corresponding articles Article 1 with comments

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Article 2 without comments

Result Different articles show different comments that correspond to the article. Test Successful.

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Logging-in successfully Logging-in

Username and password match database

Log in successful redirects to News page

Result After logging-in the News page redirects to the News page. Test Successful.

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Logging-in Unsuccessfully Logging-in

Username does not match database

Log in unsuccessful gives a php error

Result PHP error is returned when username or password don’t match those stored in database. Test Successful.

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Posting an article with various symbols (Enhancement) Article with various symbols (including single quotes (‘))

Article successfully saved in database

Result The user is allowed to post articles with various symbols without having to add any “/” and without running into any PHP or SQL errors. Test Successful.

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Errors Syntax Error A frequent syntax error I encountered was forgetting to put a closing curly bracket ( } ) at the end of if statements. This meant that Dreamweaver was frequently calling for errors at the php closing tag ( ?> )

Reading trough the code thoroughly, finding and placing the bracket in the right place solved the problem.

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Semantic Error One Problem which I encountered which was fairly hard to track down was using the wronge variable name when retriving the comments. Dreamweaver and SQL do not detect the error at all so it must be found manualy. Instead of using the variable $articleid I used the variable $id.

Reading trough the code and echoing some variables lead me to the cause of the problem.

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Section 5

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Enhancements
Decisions Resolution – I choose 1024 x 768 as my resolution for all my pages as it is the perfect balance between being small enough for small displays and large enough for larger displays. It is also the current standard for web developers worldwide.

News Portal Colour Scheme – I choose this colour scheme to complement the company’s already existing logo. All the colours are lighter and darker shades of the same colour. Layout Structure – I choose this simple layout since the page does not require a complex menu system and should be kept clean and easy to use. E-Commerce Portal Colour Scheme – I choose a light and eye catching colour scheme incorporating only a light blue and white. Layout Structure – I choose a simple layout for a site which will not have very many products on it and does not require lots of categories or sections for dividing the products. E-Learning Colour Scheme – I choose a colour scheme which is highly contrasting making it easy to read. It also helps focus attention on the contents which will have lots of colourful images to go with the articles. Layout Structure – The layout I choose is fairly simple with sections for articles at the top and dynamic article lists available on the side. Improvements Real escape string Adding real escape stings to the variables when posting articles and when posting comments allows the users to freely post whatever they chose with regards to symbols without requiring any knowledge of coding or encountering any errors. Implementation would require passing the php variables trough the real escape string function before inserting them into the SQL database.

Search An additional feature which one would expect on a news site would be a search function which allows users to find old articles or articles by specific authors. This feature can be implemented simply by creating a new page for “advanced search” which would have various forms for different criteria. Clicking search checks which fields where filled in and finds the articles that match.

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Section 6

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Criticisms
My website although fully functioning still has lots of room to improve and grow; it is lacking in many basic features users would expect from a website of this sort. Most of these features can be implemented after the website has gone live. User comments and suggestions will be the best guide to what needs to take priority in implementation. Log-in redirection Currently when a user fails to log-in he is redirected to the log-in page where an error message is displayed. This is not very user friendly. Ideally the user would be taken to a page where he can reattempt to log in or otherwise recover his username/password if they have been forgotten. This should be an automated system which sends the username and password to the registered email address. This automatically prevents hackers from stealing account information as the email is sent to that used at registration.

Registration Confirmation The site as it is currently allows anyone to register and immediately start posting articles. Ideally the email is compared to the database to ensure that the user is not already registered if it is not found in the database the user is sent a confirmation email with a link that when clicked activates the account and allows the user to log in. It would also be a good idea to add a capcha which would make sure no bots are used to flood the server with fake user accounts. The measures make the site much more secure and reduce the possibility of the site being taken down by hackers.

Comments/Articles Pages When the website starts to grow and the number of articles starts to increase a system for splitting the comments and articles into several different pages would be required. This would not only make it easier to navigate but it would also allow the server load to drop as not all the articles or comments are loaded every time the page is loaded.

Password protection on database The SQL database is currently not protected by a password this makes it possible for a hacker to access the database and post whatever he chooses. This is a great risk to the website’s credibility as a hacker would post false or offensive content. Therefore it would be highly recommended to add a strong password protection to the database to prevent this sort of unauthorized access.

Moderation If the website were to become popular with various posters and commenters it would also be highly recommended to implement a moderation system on the articles and comments. This can be done in several different ways two ways I will mention. One way would be to allow the users to moderate each other by implementing a voting system to vote comments up and down or mark them as spam. These reports are then reviewed by a staff member and the appropriate measures can be taken. A repeat offender might be blocked and his email address black listed while a first time offender might be sent a warning via private message. Another option would be to employ many moderators which

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review comments as soon as they are posted. They can then delete any comments or articles which are offensive, vulgar or irrelevant.

Project Plan

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Section 7

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User Friendly Interfaces
User friendliness or usability refers to the how easy it is to use a man made object. This can vary from a computer application or website to machinery or equipment. Usability is particularly important when creating a website since it needs to be by a wide spectrum of users which have various skills and levels of experience. The first step is to create a detailed plan of the pages that will be included and are required as part of the site. It is also important to plan out the layout and the placement of all the elements that go into the site. Most importantly would be the placement and the layout of a navigational menu. When designing the layout of a website one must consider the size of all the elements, headers, menus, content areas, adverts and text. When making a user friendly interface it is important to remember that all minorities are catered for. This means should have a large font size and contrasting colours on buttons making them easily legible. This is important both for regular users but more importantly for near sighted users. Ideally menus should not be oddly located to avoid confusing users therefor menus are best located at the top or on the left hand side of the page. Most menus of most pages are located at the top of or on the left so positioning menus likewise means that users will find it easy to transition from one page to another while multitasking. Care should be taken to simplify navigation by reducing the number of clicks required to get from pone page to another. This is important for all users since no one likes having to do additional clicks to find what they are looking for, it is also important for users with low speed or limited bandwidth. Another important thing to remember is that the user’s attention must be drawn immediately to the main content of the website and whenever possible keep it focused so the user does not lose track of what he or she is doing. Main Page : http://ict.mcast.edu.mt/ictweb/kurtmass/ E-commerce: http://ict.mcast.edu.mt/ictweb/kurtmass/ecommerce/ E-learning: http://ict.mcast.edu.mt/ictweb/kurtmass/elearning/

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The menu system I choose for the e-learning site is simple while giving the user access to a lot of information with the minimum amount of clicks. I choose a simple font syle and with a very contrasting colour scheme which can be read even at a distance or by shortsighted people. The menus are positioned at the top and on the left where users are used to finding them, making it simple to transition between this website and others. The interface is streamlined to reduce clutter for mobile users, users on smaller displayes or with slow connections. Fancy animations where kept at a minimum to help reduce clutter and the site simple.









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Bibliography
Alexander, B. (n.d.). Web Site Development Process - The life-cycle steps. Retrieved December 28, 2011, from Macronimous Websoulutions: http://www.macronimous.com/resources/web_development_life_cycle.asp Blog. (n.d.). Retrieved December 26, 2011, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog Laura Quinn, M. M. (2009, May 19). Comparing Open Source Content Management Systems. Retrieved December 26, 2011, from TechSoup: http://www.techsoup.org/learningcenter/webbuilding/page11752.cfm Web Content Management System. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_content_management_system Web Site Navigation Menu Placement. (n.d.). Retrieved December 28, 2011, from Green-Beast: http://green-beast.com/blog/?p=341

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