...Assignment 1 - The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy SHAMIKA WARD EMMANUEL OBUAH POL 300: Contemp Intl Problems May 31, 2013 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy The Reagan Doctrine was the foreign policy in the United States, enacted by President Ronald Reagan. The doctrine was design to eradicate the communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were authorized and corroborated by the Soviet Union. This assignment will review by what method the United States delivered open and private backing to guerrilla and resistance movements during the Regan years. Additionally, explain the political doctrine detailed events that occurred in Afghanistan when the Soviet Union invaded. As a final point, this assignment will define the benefits and drawbacks established on the Regan Doctrine. Summarize the Situation of U.S. Diplomatic of the Regan Doctrine During the course of the initial years of the Cold War, Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter all endorsed dogmas against communism in order to enclose it. Ronald Regan prohibited their détente policy in 1979, when the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan. This alone demonstrated that policies that only contain communism were unproductive. Regan criticized in the compromise policy when it emanated to any communist government. As an alternative, Reagan proposed the Rollback policy. The creation of the Reagan Doctrine moved from containment and dispersal to eradicating all current communist governments. Likewise...
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...ASSIGNMENT # 2 Name: Mr. Khizer Farooq Submission Date: 13th April 2014 Course: E-Commerce Class Timings: Sunday 4:15 – 7:15 Student ID#: 2011-3-07-12484 Course Instructor: Mr. Faisal Dehdi A STUDY OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ACCEPTANCE OF E – COMMERCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUMMARY: E-Commerce which facilitates transaction of goods & services via computer networks such as internet has become a powerful tool of socio-economic development & therefore is a significant issue for developing countries. Many developing countries have made Information & Communications Technology (ICT) as part of their development plans to ensure deployment & utilization of ICTs in their country for the benefit of enterprises & citizens. This research paper aims to study: - * E-Commerce across national borders to find out relationships among certain factors & attitude about e-commerce. * Issues & areas necessary to the implementation of e – commerce that may be influenced by National culture. * Impact of culture, previous web purchased experience & age of developing countries on e-commerce. The two nations (Iran & UAE), gender & previous experience are the independent variables whereas attitudes about different aspects of technology use are taken as the dependent variable. From the literature review, we conclude that E-Commerce has a potential to add value in developing countries by offering advantages such as globalization of commerce...
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...Global Marketing Strategy Aalborg University, 07.09.2015 By: Svend Hollensen, svend@sam.sdu.dk Agenda: Glocalization (Ch 1) & IMS (Ch 8) Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 1-2 Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 1-3 Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 1-4 Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 1-5 Some background information about myself, my university and my books Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 SDU Here I live Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 University of Southern Denmark Sønderborg Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 2001 in 1998 6th ed. came in 2013 in 2004 5th ed. came in 2010 Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 4th ed. came 2007 Chapter 1: Glocalization strategy Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 Global Marketing Strategies Globalization Localization (Standardization) (Differentiation) 100% 100% Global Low-cost Production and Selling Global roll-out of Concepts / High speed Culturally Close to Consumer GLOCAL Low complexity 07-09-2015 Hollensen, Global Marketing 6e, © Pearson Education 2015 Flexible Response to local customer needs Regional and local market penetration 11 ...
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...corporate and individual customers. Middle East banking sector forecast to 2013(Bharat Book Bureau 2010) indicates that the banking industry in the Middle East region is considered one of the world’s fastest growing industries. Banks play an essential role within an economy and can contribute to its health and stability. Most world economies, including the Middle Eastern economies, attempt to focus their efforts on growing and stabilising their banking sectors. Al Shaher, T.,Kasawneh, O.,Salem, R.(2011) This assignment will focus on the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E) region of HBME Ltd. This region due to current U.A.E Central Bank restrictions has a cap of 8 branches which serve 5 of the emirates with a multitude of smaller Customer Service Units. All the usual banking services and products are available including offshore banking and Investments, personal and private banking, commercial and investment bank capabilities. The bank serves a truly multicultural society with over 200 nationalities co existing peacefully within the U.A.E (UAE Interact 2009). Banks play an essential role within an economy and can contribute to its health and stability. Most world economies, including the Middle Eastern economies, attempt to focus their efforts on growing and stabilising their banking sectors. The Macro-Environment Political The U.A.E has had a very stable political system since it was formed back in 1972. This stability has led to significant growth driven by mainly oil production...
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...for support in their bid to capture large markets. A democratic business owner in a fundamental environment will bow down to local needs at the time of recruitment but allow freedom within the workplace for ideas to flow. By the same token, a highly democratic country may have businesses that demand blind faith in the management among the employees. The researcher proceeded to conduct a survey of similar sized firms operating in USA and Iran. One country stands for freedom of expression while the other is known for religious fundamental beliefs. A survey of managers was carried out in a bid to understand attitudes with respect to strategy, communication, technology and human resource management. The finding was that while local culture creates a certain competitive environment, the running of business is determined by the belief system of the business owner and manager style of functioning. The business management style of open communication and employee engagement in business purpose was universally experienced, more so in Iran than America. The use of technology in developing countries is much lower than in the developed countries. Concepts of mutual loyalty and obedience...
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...Terrorism and Homeland Defense Fundamentals Weekly Assignment 3.2 Part One: 1. Describe the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947. For two years after the end of WWII, the world was in constant flux. New countries and boundaries were being drawn and one of the most contested and controversial was the creation of an Israeli/ Palestinian state. The Learning Network (2011) states the following: On Nov. 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for Palestine to be partitioned between Arabs and Jews, allowing for the formation of the Jewish state of Israel. Since 1917, Palestine had been under the control of Britain, which supported the creation of a Jewish state in the holy land. Sympathy for the Jewish cause grew during the genocide of European Jews during the Holocaust. In 1946, the Palestine issue was brought before the newly created United Nations, which drafted a partition plan. The plan, which organized Palestine into three Jewish sections, four Arab sections and the internationally-administered city of Jerusalem, had strong support in Western nations as well as the Soviet Union. It was opposed by Arab nations. US Central Intelligence Agency (para. 1-3) 2. Why do you think that Palestinian terrorists concentrate on soft targets? The concentration on soft targets is a result of the need to draw attention of a global audience that is increasingly challenging to traumatize, the growing sophistication of the terrorists...
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...Modern Studies Assignment Topic- Syria Question- Should we intervene in the Syrian civil war? Hypothesis- Intervening in Syria would only cause more harm than good. Aims- Find out the pro’s and cons of the UK involving itself in Syrian matters. * Find out the negative effects involving ourselves would cause. http://www.savetheroyalnavy.org/10-good-reasons-uk-should-not-take-military-action-in-syria/ * We have no common cause with either side in the conflict. We do obviously not want to support Assad’s murderous regime backed by Russia, Iran and Hezbollah but more importantly we do not want to assist rebels some of which have with links to Al-Qaeda who want to create a militant Islamist state. This is not a simple case of ‘goodies’ and ‘baddies’ and there are also sectarian issues we don’t even fully understand. We cannot even be sure the chemical attack was carried out by the regime – it could be a desperate ploy by rebels to produce exactly this response. * Whatever level of action we take, whether it’s firing off a few Tomahawk missiles or sending in troops it will result in further civilian deaths. Although we may aim at ‘military’ targets there is always ‘collateral damage’ in fact the regime may even force civilians into military installations as ‘human shields’. Will the long-suffering people of Syria welcome yet more ordnance raining down on their country, however carefully targeted? * The most obvious lessons from the tragedies in Iraq and Afghanistan is...
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...! ! ! ! ! Assignment#3! MB!8600! ! WILL!SYRIA!BE!THE!NEXT!IRAQ?! > A!look!at!what!USA’s!move!in!Syria!should!be! by! Deep!Bhatia! Student!ID:!500128395! September!24th,!2013! ! ! 1! ! Table&of&Contents& 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ! Introduction...................................................................................................................................1!! Methodology.................................................................................................................................1!! Summary!of!the!empirical!findings................................................................................................2! References.....................................................................................................................................5! Appendix........................................................................................................................................8!! ! 2! ! WILL&SYRIA&BE&THE&NEXT&IRAQ?& Introduction& What!began!as!a!relatively!minor!civil!uprising!in!Damascus,!Syria!in!March!2011!as!an!influence!of!Arab& Spring!(wave!of!demonstrations!and!protests!in!the!Arab!world)!has!now!escalated!to!a!full>blown!civil! war,!with!an!alarming!number!of!deaths,!and!the!news!of!chemical!weapons.!The!war!initially!began!as!a! protest!from!the!masses!against!the!allegedly>corrupt!regime,!led!by!Bashar!Al>Assad,!whose!main! demand!was!that!he!step!down!from!his!post;!however,!recent!tolls!have!estimated...
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...Assignment 2: Terrorist Victor Sanchez L University Professor M H LOR August 30, 2001 Describe the history of the organization The meaning of Hezbollah is the “Party of God”, a radical Islamic organization that functions out of Lebanon. According to El Husseini, R. (2010), in October 1983, an attack on barracks housing US and French military personnel in Beirut resulted in the deaths of over 240 US Marines. It was the deadliest individual assault on US interests between World War II and the World Trade Center attacks of 2001. This act was attributed to what was then a relatively new organization, Hezbollah. It left an indelible mark on the psyche of young American policy makers of the 1980s, which explains why many in the US government still see Hezbollah as ‘the A-team of terrorism’ while regarding even al-Qaeda as ‘the B-team. However, this characterization ignores significant differences between the Beirut and the World Trade Center attacks. While Hezbollah killed military personnel in Beirut who were seen as direct participants in a local conflict the Lebanese civil war al- Qaeda attacked the US on its own soil and targeted civilians. Furthermore, the emphasis that the US continues to place on Hezbollah as a terrorist organization is undermined by the lack of ongoing threats; Hezbollah has not carried out an attack on US interests arguably since the early 1990s. Hezbollah’s attacks have been overwhelmingly directed against Israel, and they...
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...Accountancy is the production of financial records for organizations and shows readers in money terms the economic resources the company has under its control and represents it in terms of relevance and does this faithfully. Accounting is called “the language of business” because it acts as a vehicle for a business entity to report their financial information to groups of people outside of the company’s day to day activities. Some researchers believe the earliest instance of accounting was from a cave engraving in South Africa that was dated 76,000 years old. However the earliest proven accounting records have been dated back 7,000 years ago and were found in Mesopotamia. The people of the time relied on its primitive practices to record the growth of crops and herds. In Iran during the 4th and 3rd century, socioeconomic situations led to unequal distributions of wealth and so the leaders and priests appointed people to look after the financial matters. Godin Tepe, an archaeological site in western Iran, scripts only containing tables with figures were found. In Tepe Yahya, an archaeological site found in the Kerman Province in Iran, the scripts contained geographical representations as well. In both sites buildings containing large rooms for storage crops had tokens that were used for bookkeeping purposes on clay scripts which represented a cognitive leap for mankind. (Accountancy, n.d.) These early practices of record keeping were used mainly for the record keeper and...
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...International Security Lecture 1 March 30th, 2015 The politics of security knowledge What is international security? We could start thinking about the security council of the UN But also about the invasion of Afghanistan (chapter 7 UN in order to secure the international security) We can also think about security in terms of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This was a unilateral act of war, but sure it can also mean other things We can think of the national security agency, the agency in charge of spying all the signals and communications to a certain extent. What’s interesting about the NSA, it is seen as a threat to the security of the privacy. Lately, with the reports of the UN development programme, we start talking about HUMAN security (not military security, but rather the security of individuals, having a livelihood that’s acceptable). Whether security is international or not, it can be a rather confusing word The protection of values we hold dear. We search for it, we pursue it, we achieve it, we deny it to others. * what is to be secured? Is it the security of states? Or individuals? * What is the actual threat that we’re facing? Primarily to be dealing with military threats, or are there other types of threats we are facing. Essentially contested concept A concept that ‘inevitably’ involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users – Walter Gallie There can be ambiguity (one persons freedom-fighter is the other’s...
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...the world politics (Lister, 2014). The organization is led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi who declared himself the Caliph. On his announcement, al-Baghdadi assumed the title of the Commander of the faithful Caliph Ibrahim II. Islamic State aspires to unite all Muslims in one state. According to the jihadists, this is only possible through a caliphate in which ISIS is closest to achieving. The difficulty of the formation of the caliphate is the harsh opposition the group obtains from the Shias who are a fifth of all the Muslims. Such oppositions had already been observed in the history of Islamic schism (Lister, 2014). ISIS ideological appeal has worked in its favor to recruit its fighters all over the world. The strategy has also resulted to some supports from Muslim countries such as Pakistan. Nonetheless, the group has unspeakable violence majorly directed to Christians and the Shias. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the Islamic State regarding its evolution, modus operandi in terms of its operations and recruitment. The paper then assesses the impacts and threats of the group not only in the Middle East, but also world-wide. Literature Review The Islamic State has made great advances in both Iraq and Syria. It has captured significant cities, military armaments, weapons and oil refineries. With the recent proves that it is capable of being a sub-state actor, the terror group places a critical challenge to the stability of the Middle East and of the world in general...
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...Strategic Uncertainty and Alternative Futures: Evaluating Our Options in the Post-September 11 World Eric K. Clemons Steve Barnett 23 April 2003 Draft 3.6 1. Introduction Our perception of our world changed dramatically on September 11, 2001. Our sense of safety, security, and certainty were altered, perhaps for years to come, perhaps for the rest of our professional lives. Although it is clear that our personal, political, and business environments have all been altered, it is not immediately clear how they have been changed; this is, it is not clear what the details of these changes will be, or how we must respond. We now live in a period of greater strategic uncertainty. This brief paper summarizes the results of two workshops held by the Reginald H. Jones Center that attempted to provide some insight into the origins of the current conflict that the U.S. faces in the Middle East, as religious (Islam vs. the West) or economic (the developed West vs. the developing Middle East), or a clash of cultures, or some other form not as yet identified1. The hope was that by developing an understanding of the origins of the conflict, we would develop some insights into the form of the conflict and its duration; this in turn would lead to an understanding of the business implications that might result and strategies that might provide appropriate responses in different strategic contexts. We faced a high level of uncertainty about what had happened and what was likely to happen...
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...What is Sharia Banking? London is the leading Islamic banking center in the West, and the Netherlands is seeking to overtake London in this regard. Wall Street is becoming enamored with Islamic banking (also known as Sharia banking) and this banking model is rapidly gaining acceptance in the Western world. Unlike the traditional banking model most Westerners are familiar with, Islamic banks are managed according to Sharia law. The main difference between Western banking and Islamic banking is the Quran prohibits the collection of interest in all monetary transactions, charging fees (and donations) for services provided in lieu of charging interest on loaned capital. Islamic banks are also governed by a Sharia Advisory Board, which is comprised of Islamic scholars and clerics who are responsible to ensure all of the bank's activities are in strict compliance with Sharia (Islamic) law. Those in favor of Islamic banking believe the Islamic banking system is superior to the capitalistic model of the West, because it is structured around a "strict code of ethics" (based on the Quran) and is prohibited from "exploitative practices" (including the charging of interest). According to Islamic banking proponents, this allows banking to be an integral part of a moral society (governed by the Quran). In contrast, they believe capitalism is solely focused on money (profit) and this incites greed and the exploitation of others, which leads to the social problems in the West, including the division...
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...defend the country against lack of education, for there is no factor that is more important to the well-being of a nation than human resource and no negligence worse than ignoring its development. Make it mandatory for government and army officers at all levels to do stints at various educational institutions in relation to their skills and Pakistan national requirements. A uniform system of education should be introduced and this is really very important gradually to eradicate the problems multiplicity of systems creates as pointed out earlier. Make it a mandatory requirement for various degree programmes that the candidates, after taking their exams, shall spend a specified period of timein teaching at assigned institutions. (These assignments should be given in a judicious and practical manner). Govt. have to take specific steps to end cramming system in education from Govt. as well as Private sector and implement system of practical work, so that every student can gain more knowledge by doing research on that specific topic or subject, unlike “Ratta”(cramming) system where student have to memorize everything for short period of time which Teacher gives...
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