...involved in the peace process between Saudi Arabia and Iran?” In the last few years, especially since the outbreak of sectarian violence in Syria in early 2013, the Middle East has gradually moved towards a sectarian regional political order.The surge in sectarian fighting between Shi’ites and Sunnis in Iraq. Syria and Yemen, the proclamation of the Islamic state by Sunni militants in 2014 and the competition of power and dominance between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shi’ite Iran have increasingly come to define and shape the current Middle Eastern political order. Saudi Arabia and Iran are both muslim majority nations but relations prevailing between them have been affected mainly because of different geopolitical issues which are sectarianism which includes different interpretations and leadership issues over the Islamic world, oil export policy and relations with western countries such as US. After the Islamic revolution, relations between both the countries ran down because Iran indicted Saudi Arabia for having relations with US. Iran wanted to adopt westernized culture which was opposed by the Saudis whereas on the other hand the king of Saudi thought that Islamic solidarity would be something that would actually make both of the countries unite. The rebels in Yemen killed two Saudi guards which infused the Sunni government of Yemen. They accused Iran that the houthis shouldn’t have been armed due to which in retaliation Iran said that Saudi Arabia shouldn’t have intervened...
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...A Delicate Balance In The Midst Of A Crisis This article is about the recent problems in the Middle Eastern Countries. Saudi Arabia and Iran have not been getting along with each other. They have been very competitive with each other recently. The tension between these countries has been mainly caused by the rise of the terrorist group ISIS. ISIS has also caused a lot of problems with the United States. Saudi Arabia and Iran have not been getting along since the Islamic Revolution in 1979. However, the tension is getting worse due to the terrorist group ISIS. Saudi Arabia has been excluding Iran from their conferences that are about how to deal with ISIS. This is happening, because Saudi Arabia believes they have a much stronger militant group then Iran. Saudi Arabia’s population consists of mostly Sunnis, while Iran’s population consists of mostly Shias. Both Saudi Arabia and Iran see Isis as a major threat. That is why both of these countries are being competitive with each other recently. This has led to a meeting between both foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia and Iran. They had a meeting to discuss the entire situation about ISIS. After meeting both Saudi Arabia and Iran want to form an alliance with each other to confront ISIS. Both Saudi Arabia and Iran are worried about confronting ISIS, because Iraq and Syria are nearby. They are afraid that ISIS will try to take over Iraq and Syria, then go after them next. That is why both countries would like to form an alliance...
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...IRAN OIL AND SANCTIONS MGT5A6 Issues in contemporary management Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 About Iran oil…………………………………………………………………………………………………3 About Iran Sanctions and problems…………………………………………………………….3-4 Group recommendation………………………………………………………………………………4-5 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Introduction: This report focuses on Iran national oil company and sanction regarding the atomic energy in Iran and how people in Iran dealing with this problem. About Iran oil: According to OPEC Iran comes second in the world with highest level’s of oil reserves estimated at 150 billion barrels and this is ten percent of total proven reserves in petroleum. Iran is the fourth largest producer of oil in the world and second largest after Saudi Arabia in Middle East but this was all before the sanction. Sanction against Iran and problems: Sanctions against Iran are commonly against nuclear and certain military exports to Iran and this have been affecting all Iranian people around the world. Sanction started five years ago and day by day they make it harder for Iranian people and USA and all the European countries said many times in news that we don’t have anything against Iranian people, we just want to make your government to stop nuclear progress but this didn’t effect Iranian governments but since 2011 the crises start hitting Iranian much more then before, even the price of the product’s and services increased...
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...The Pros and the Cons of Middle East Policies Name of Student Institution. The Pros and the Cons of Middle East Policies Background The international politics and relations are currently being dominated by the issue of the Middle East and the US relationship. It is, therefore, important to look at the factors that have resulted in a fragile relationship between the world superpower and the Middle East. For decades, the Middle East has been dealing with power struggles, Israeli-Palestinian border conflict, and the Arab-Israeli war. Some states in the region are pushing for constitutional monarchies or liberal democracies. My essay will examine the underlying animosity between these nations. It will also look at the pros and con of the American policies towards the Middle East and the ways it has succeeded. Hypothesis The USA is doing enough in its dealings with the Middle East. Analysis There has been an ongoing debate regarding the question of what the US’s foreign policies are towards the Middle East. Two main defense strategy objectives were resulting from the Pentagon’s Defense Planning Guidance between the year 1994 and 1999 (Reveron et al., 2014). This period was prior to President Bush Jr. Administration and has since then become more relevant. The primary objective was to deter another world war or an extreme enmity like the one portrayed between the former Soviet Union towards America. A new region strategy has therefore been put in place to prevent a hostile power from...
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...start negotiating you some points must be determined: • Goals: what do you want to get out of the negotiation? What do you think the other person wants? • Trades: What do you and the other person have that you can trade? What do you each have that the other wants? What are you each comfortable giving away? • Alternatives: if you don't reach agreement with the other person, what alternatives do you have? Are these good or bad? How much does it matter if you do not reach agreement? Does failure to reach an agreement cut you out of future opportunities? And what alternatives might the other person have? • Relationships: what is the history of the relationship? Could or should this history impact the negotiation? Will there be any hidden issues that may influence the negotiation? How will you handle these? • Expected outcomes: what outcome will people be expecting from this negotiation? What has the...
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...of Hormuz in response to possible sanctions by Western countries (Library of Congress. Foreign Affairs Division & Library of Congress, 2012). The statement stirred up a sense of oil crisis among Japanese (Bradsher & Krauss, 2012). Dr. Daniel Yergin argues in the book the quest that there is a low probability of Iran blocking the sea lanes of communication (SLOC) in the Strait of Hormuz. However, He overlooks several ways in which Iran could interrupt the SLOC. Moreover, there are potential risks in the SLOC such as piracy which costs a large sum of ransom money. Therefore, in order for Japan to become an energy secure country, it needs to take the geopolitical and security situations in the SLOC from the Middle East to Japan into account and respond accordingly....
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...Best Answer - Chosen by Voters You could write about Islamic marriage. In Islam you can marry up to four wives, but only in some select Muslim countries. You can rob the cradle too, literally. Yemen has "no" age limit. If you go to Iran, you can buy girls from parents as young as nine to be your wife. That's because Muhammad had a nine year old bride. Ayatollah Khomeini had a 10 year old bride. The following are a few paragraphs from an article regarding life in Iran. "Islamic fundamentalism establishes its thesis on the differences between the sexes and the conclusion that the male is superior, and hence, the female is a slave at his service. A parliamentarian in Iran is on record as saying, "Women must accept the reality of men dominating them, and the world must recognize the fact that men are superior." "Fundamentalism conceives of woman as sinister and satanic; she is the embodiment of sin and seduction. She must not step beyond her house, lest her presence in society breed sin. She must stay at home, serving her husband’s carnal desires; if she fails to comply, she is compelling her man to commit sin outside the home." "Girl children suffer the worst conditions in Iran today. According to the clerical regime’s rules and regulations, a girl child can virtually be bought and sold with the consent of her male guardian. Article 1041 of the Civil Code provides that ‘Marriage before puberty (nine full lunar years for girls) is prohibited. Marriage contracted before...
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...Value Chain Challenges Toyota has one of the most streamlined global value chains of any organization. Even so, the organization sees challenges when investing in different countries around the globe. Iran and Turkey will be evaluated as Toyota looks to expand into countries where they currently do not operate. The evaluation will include an analysis of the legal and ethical issues, political stability, financial considerations, infrastructure, geography, suppliers, manufacturers, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Legal and Ethical Issues Doing business in Iran is taken personal on every level; from government officials to working employees. Networking is usually done through friends and family. Asking for favors is never an issue as long as they can be repaid. Iran always has been seen as a security concern to the United States and other countries. Iran has been targeted by the Financial Action Task Force for money laundering and ties with Latin American countries. Speculation of Iran’s association with the Venezuelan government has Iran paying them to mine uranium for the Iranian government (Ethics World, 2010). Turkey is out to fix the corruption within its country by establishing harsher legal policies and regulation that allow the country’s businesses to meet EU standards of governance. Turkey’s new outlook on life can be summed up in a quote found on an international blog site, created by Aleksander Shkolnikov. “When governments are corrupt, there is less incentive...
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...In his article, “The Hazards of Real-Time Foreign Policy Punditry,” Daniel W. Drezner addresses the dangers of reading too much into the immediate foreign policy moment. Drezner looks into the hostage negotiations that occurred last week in Iran. A week ago, Iran released U.S. sailors and ships it had seized after the boats drifted into the country’s territorial waters. Drezner hints that some media figures had overreacted during the short period of captivity. The author believes that overreacting is usually unnecessary, and in this case the overreactions look plain silly. Drezner holds this idea because often, things “turn out to be” or unbeknownst details arise, as in this instance. Last week, it happened to be that the Obama...
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...the problems that Iraq is facing today. Iraq is facing three important challenges or problems which are political, religious, and educational. Iraq is challenging great political problems. There are many parties in Iraq, and each party is working for its own benefits and advantages. If you watch Iraqi parliament for one time, you will see that they are just want money and high positions. They just agree on constitutions that benefit them, and they don't care about the country. The latest issue was the conflict between Nuri Al-Malki and Anbar's tribes. Anbar's tribes request from the government to change some policies because they are not fair, but Al-Malki disagrees because that is against his benefits. Iraq has political issues with neighbor countries too. For a long time, Iraq has problems with Kuwait and still has problems because Iraq conquered Kuwait in 1990. Iraq has troubles with Iran because Iran wants to control our country, so they can control the Middle East after that. Iran has many spies in our country and government. The other reason is that Iraq is the main base of USA army in the Middle East Iraq has many religious problems. There are different types of religions in Iraq; Islam (Sunna), Islam (Shea), Christian, etc. these days, there are a lot of problems between Sunna and Shia. In Baghdad Shea have more power than Sunna, so they Arrest people who are Sunna and punish them or kill them without any reason. Terrorists are taking advantages from this situation...
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...In 2010, the Tavazo brothers were thinking about how to keep on growing and started to analyse opportunities for further expansion. One potential source of growth is represented by the chance of expanding its current business within Canada and Iran, through the retail or wholesale channels. One plus point of this strategy is that it would let the company to maintain the same organizational structure without introducing revolutionary changes, which would be costly to make. Indeed, focusing on these two markets would let the company to grow constantly and would allow the management to produce gradual changes to the organization alongside with its expansion. However, a potential downside of the strategy is given by the nature of the Tavazo business and the features of its products, which requires a direct link with the final customers. In addition, although the company has already established a business relationship with the distributors that show the best performances, the contribution of the wholesale channel remains quite low (12%). Therefore, in order to widen its market share and increase its profits, the company would have to invest its financial resources to open new stores in Iran and Canada. Indeed, the retail channel represents the 80% of the total business of the company and compared with the wholesale one it has a 5% higher margin. However, even through an expansion of the retail chain, focusing on these two markets would not give the company the opportunity to improve...
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...Management skills Mohammad Mossadegh What was the motivation behind US policy with respect to the government-sanctioned overthrow of the democratically-elected government of Iran in 1953? On August 19, 1953, the United States sanctioned its first, peacetime use of covert action to overthrow the constitutional government of a sovereign nation, successfully orchestrating the overthrow of Iran`s popular Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadegh, and restoring the Shah to his throne. The question is — why? Thesis This paper will argue that the Marxist framework of international relations — namely that economic interest determines politics and political structure, and that the goal of economic (and political) activity is the redistribution of wealth and power — provides the most effective explanation as to the driving force behind the US governments fateful decision. The paper will reconstruct the information available to the Eisenhower administration up to the planning and execution of Operation Ajax, as the coup came to be called by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), so as to ascertain the key elements that would have factored into the governments foreign policy decision-making process prior to the event. It will then illustrate the aptness of Marxist theory, first, of its own accord, as well as through offering a comparative analysis of an alternative Realist theory. Finally, the paper will conclude by distinguishing between the US governments motivation versus its justification...
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...BACKGROUND PAPER ON IRAN 1. This background paper is on Iran. It discusses the geography, military, and United States of America (US) interests within Iran. 2. Iran’s geography is very unique. It is a Middle Eastern country, bordered by Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It also borders the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea.1 Iran is also in proximity of the Strait of Hormuz, a heavily traveled, narrow passageway that measures 21 miles at its narrowest point, and separates the Gulf of Oman from the Persian Gulf.2 The total land mass is 1,531,595 square kilometers, making it roughly the size of the state of Alaska, and around two and a half times larger than the state of Texas.3 Iran features a variety of terrain types, to include; mountainous, central basin with deserts, and plains. Its climate is mostly arid, but contains a subtropical zone along the coast of the Caspian Sea. It has a vast amount of natural resources, to include; petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,...
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...Will A Nuclear Deal with Iran Impact the Iranian Regime’s Behavior and Change the Regional Dynamic in the Middle East? Mike Maleki December 06, 2014 Illustrated by Paul Combs of the Tribune Media Services. Many in the West have expressed concern about a possible failure of the P5+1 countries – the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany – to secure a comprehensive deal with Iran on its controversial nuclear program. These concerns, however, represent a somewhat myopic view of the bigger picture concerning Iran’s nuclear ambitions. A thorough look at the Iranian regime’s domestic and foreign policies reveals that a nuclear deal would, in fact, have very limited effect on the behavior of Iran’s authoritarian theocracy and change very little about the dynamics in the 1 Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution changed the balance of power in the Middle East. Following the revolution, Iran, a pillar of the US’ regional Cold War policy, became increasingly isolated as it quarreled with its majority Sunni neighbors for influence and sought to export its Islamic revolution as far as to Europe.1 However, Iran attempted to overcome its isolation as a Shiite and majority Persian state by tempting the aspirations of the region’s Arab population with its support for radical anti-Israel/anti-US regional movements, thus successfully establishing a web of proxies and surrogates – the so-called “axis of resistance.” Furthermore, since 2003, the Iranian...
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...March 19, 2012 Much to American anger and displeasure, India is in no mood to reduce its energy ties with Iran. Let us say that the Indian policy makers are cognizant of some of the critical facts concerning Iran. * That the international community has serious misgivings about the peaceful intentions of the Iranian nuclear programme. * That India is formally opposed to a nuclear Iran. * That under American sanctions, in December 2010 India had to terminate the Asian Customs Union (ACU) arrangement to pay for its oil imports from Iran. * That alternative payment arrangements through Germany, Turkey and the UAE were unsuccessful, finally forcing India and Iran to settle for partial rupee payment for oil imports. * That the rupee payment arrangement covers only 45 percent of the oil bill because the trade balance is highly in favour of Iran. * That State-own Shipping Corporation India has refused to ship crude from Iran because it could not find the necessary insurance cover. * That there are growing concerns over a possible Israeli military strike against Iranian nuclear installations. * That India would have learned some lessons from the September 2005 fiasco over the IAEA vote. Not only its anti-Iranian vote was a last minute decision, the manner in which it executed and explained its vote clearly revealed that New Delhi acted under pressure from Washington. This inept handling angered Tehran and displeased Washington. ...
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