...Abstract The water filtration process was examined using oil, vinegar, and detergent to show how well the process works. The watercolor, consistency, and smell would change allowing the difference to be seen. Different kinds of water were tested using test chemical strips to evaluate the chemicals within them. The reason was to show that bottled water was not better for human consumption than tap water. Contaminants can be carried from one point to another and can affect human health. Water quality is very important and knowledge gained in our communities can make a difference. Introduction Water quality research is important because it helps to protect and restore the quality of the Nation’s water. Certain standards help to identify problems caused by incorrectly treating wastewater, sediment, fertilizers, and chemical from agricultural areas. Standards are put in place to achieve and preserve protective water quality conditions. (EPA, 2012). Water quality affects ecological processes such as good river health, vegetation, wetlands, and birdlife. Our water resources have major environmental, social, and economic values. If the water quality is not maintained, it will affect more than the environment; it will affect commercial and recreational values as well. (NSW, 2012). The main objective for these labs are to become aware of the effects contamination has on our quality of water. The reason for this lab is to learn the effective strategies in the filtration process as well...
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...reaches the groundwater. We put the compounds through the treatment process which consisted of pouring each mixture of each chemical/water through a filter containing soil placed in cheesecloth which resulted in the oil being the only product to filter through the soil. Our water becomes polluted with dangerous chemicals which are why it is important actually to filter contaminated water. We used a filtering method that consisted of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. We used soil and water to create a contaminated solution than the coagulation process took place by adding alum to the settlement. After we had solidified the filter, it was by pouring the infected content in the filter which contained sand, charcoal, and gravel which resulted in purified water that we disinfected with bleach. Drinking water could be contaminated with chemicals such as ammonia, chloride, and phosphate, and iron which are why we tested the quality of bottled water and tap water using test strips. After dipping each test strips in the Fiji water, Dasani water, and tap water, it resulted in Fiji water containing the most amount of chemicals. Introduction In this lab that contained various experiments, we explored the theory of how groundwater and drinking water can become contaminated by the inappropriate disposal of different household products. We used three sample products during this experiment which is: vinegar, detergent, and oil. After groundwater becomes contaminated...
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...Final Lab Report James Dillon SCI 207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Instructor: Jessica Bostock February 20, 2016 Final Lab Report Abstract The experiments conducted for this lab report focused on water contamination and filtration. Experiment 1 was effects of groundwater contamination. Oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent were added to clean water with no means of filtration. The clean water was found to be contaminated. A filtration system consisting of cheesecloth and 60 ml of soil was created and the contaminated samples were filtered through it. The soil and cheese cloth did not affectively filter the contaminants. Experiment 2 focused on water treatment and a filtration system using cheesecloth, sand, activated charcoal, alum, and gravel was created. The contaminated water sample was created by mixing soil and water together. After the contaminated water was put through the filtration system and a few drops of bleach were added you could see that much of the sediment was filtered out, but an overwhelming bleach smell remained. The third experiment was to determine drinking water quality. Samples of Dasani and Fiji bottled water were compared to my local tap water. Test strips were used to determine each samples ammonia, chloride, alkalinity, chlorine, hardness, phosphate, and iron levels. The results were that the Dasani water was cleaner overall and that the Fiji water and...
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...contaminants are filtered naturally through the earth (charcoal, gravel, sand, etc.) the outcome is a purified water from each containment sample. This overall theory suggest that natural filtration will take place if the eco-system is not overwhelmed by these contaminants. Introduction Water quality is important when providing sufficient ecological balance for drinking purposes, vegetation and more particularly fish species. The most important resource used in America, such as growing crop, is produced consistently through the provision of monitoring the quantity of water sources along with the quality of what the water contains. There are certain minerals and contaminates that can harm us as humans and also the eco-system. For example, oil spillage from drilling, nuclear plants, and use of GMO’s to grow food can have a major impact on the water quality and soil. An article states that “When water from rain and melting snow runs off roofs and roads into our rivers, it picks up toxic chemicals, dirt, trash, and disease-carrying organisms along the way. Many of our water resources also lack basic protections, making them vulnerable to pollution from factory farms, industrial plants, and activities like fracking” (Natural Resource Defense Council 2014). In order why water quality is important, there are some critical objectives to...
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...purification. For portable/emergency water purification, see portable water purification. For industrial water purification, see deionized water. For distilled water, see distilled water. For the treatment of sewage see sewage treatment Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration,sedimentation, and distillation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria,algae, viruses, fungi; and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces that water may have made contact with after falling as rain. The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards. These standards will typically set minimum and maximum concentrations of contaminants for the use that is...
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...Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination |Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.) | |Beaker |Observations | |1 |No smell, clear, 100 ml | |2 |No smell, oil settled at the top of the water, 110 ml | |3 |Bitter scent, clear color, 100 ml | |4 |Soap smell, thick,110 ml | |5 |No smell, dark, small dirt particles at the bottom of the beaker | |6 |Dirt smell, Dark with oil spots on top, 70 ml | |7 |Bitter scent, a little dark color, 70 ml | |8 |Soap scent, extremely dark,...
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...level of purity present in drinking water both bottled and tap water. Water quality and contamination is very essential to the society. Research reveals that underground water sources, which for long have been trusted source of income, have a significant level of contamination (Gleick, 1993). In his study, he insisted on the need to analyze the water used for human consumption. Hypothesis of experiment one: oil hypothesis: If an oil spill occurs then the chances of the groundwater contamination are greater and costly. Vinegar hypothesis: If vinegar contaminates groundwater, then there will be a strong odor. Laundry detergent hypothesis: If laundry detergent contaminates ground water, then it will seep through the soil altering the dynamics of the water. . Hypothesis of experiment two: The use of different coagulants along with other materials combined can remove most groundwater contaminates. Hypothesis of experiment three: even though the tap water has gone through a filtration process it will contain higher contaminates, than Dasani which is purified will contain the least as well as Fiji water which...
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...dangers associated with drinking or cooking with contaminated water. Diseases, poisons, and toxins can be found in contaminated water. There is also a possible correlation between an increased cancer risk and consuming contaminated water. “Being out of sight, it is not always apparent that damage has been, or is being, done to the groundwater resources. The need to prevent groundwater pollution is important because of the very high proportion of groundwater resources that are used for potable supply.” (Helmer, 1997) The objective of the first experiment we conducted was to test the ability of soil to remove oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent from the environment before it reaches ground water. We want to know this because often we add laundry detergent to water in the washing machine, or notice oil within a puddle on the street. These chemicals run off into local water sources, but run through soil first. It is important to know how effective the soil is at removing chemicals like oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent. Experiment 1: Oil hypothesis - If oil is dumped on the ground, then the groundwater below...
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...Windham, New York. The first experiment regarding water quality and contamination, used vinegar, liquid detergent and vegetable oil to contaminate tap water. The results of this experiment showed that when the water was contaminated and filtered through dirt some of the contaminates remained trapped in the soil and didn’t contaminate the groundwater but some did. This experiment could help in finding safer ways to purify and filter water. The results of this experiment were that the oil separated in the water and was trapped in the soil not the groundwater. The vinegar changed the smell of the water and contaminated the soil but without any major effect on the groundwater. The liquid detergent also changed the smell of the water as well as the color but also contaminated the soil and groundwater. The next experiment that was conducted was to use products like sand, charcoal and gravel to filter contaminated water that had been treated with alum. The products were used as an aquifer. The results of this experiment were basically if you used coagulants combined with alkalinity you would be able to remove contaminants from the groundwater. The last experiment bottle water and tap water were compared and tested for levels of iron, phosphate, chloride and ammonia to figure out which water was the best for humans to drink. The results from the last experiment was that tap water was the cleanest source compared to the bottled waters of Fiji and Dasani. INTRODUCTION Water...
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...Name SCI 207: Dependence of man on the environment Instructor Date Title Abstract In these experiments that we have conducted, we used oil, vinegar, laundry soap, and soil to simulate contaminated groundwater. We then constructed a variety of filters to attempt to clean the ground water and make it drinkable. We also tested various bottled and tap water for certain chemicals. Introduction Many areas have water containing impurities from natural or artificial sources. These impurities may cause health problems, damage equipment or plumbing, or make the water undesirable due to taste, odor, appearance, or staining. Those impurities which cause health problems should be attended to immediately; other problems caused by water impurities can be corrected if they are a nuisance. Before beginning any treatment plan, have water tested by an independent laboratory to determine the specific impurities and level of contamination. This will help you select the most effective and economical treatment method. (Ross, Parrott, Woods, 2009) The reason why we conducted this experiment is to test the filtration to remove oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent has on soil before it reaches groundwater. These chemicals go to our local water supply, but first it goes through the soil. Materials and Methods The materials and methods section should provide a brief description of the specialized materials used in your experiment and how they...
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...Problem Statement John Dragasevich is the president of Filter Innovation Inc. (FII), which is a small filtration company. With government restrictions becoming stricter and tighter, Dragasevich is faced with the decision to expand his company and invest in MBR (Membrane Biological Reactors) technology or continue operating his business like he has been doing. Key Issues 1. The changing of government regulations towards water filtration systems 2. Lose a competitive advantage from not investing in MBR technology 3. Prioritize environmental responsibilities at all times – MBR is best environmental option 4. Primary Business Strategy – Retail vs. Customized Products Issue 1: MBR’s are the new emerging technology for wastewater treatment because they allow for the re-usage of water. MBR’s were designed to treat biological wastewater instead of ground water or industrial process water. MBR’s are also the best environmental option for wastewater treatment. FII supplies treatment solutions for groundwater, wastewater, process water and air. They provide a variety of products that can be bought in store and through customized orders. Dragasevich wants to expand and grow his business by investing in MBR’s. With new and strict government restrictions on the wastewater filtration systems, Dragasevich is faced with the decision to invest in a new technology. If Dragasevich decides to continue operating along his current business model, FII may face a couple of problems...
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...find a viable solution to the potential water losses. We present to you in parts 1 and 2 our findings on possible scenarios for water conservation and outside resources should our current available resources become depleted. Part 1: Solutions for Replenishing Depleted Local Water Resources Sourcing Water from Local Aquifers When many think of the valuable underground natural resources that are found in Texas, oil and natural gas are sure to be at the top the list for most people. And by and large they are correct, but there is one resource that is a part of every area of commerce and livelihood in Texas, Water. Fresh groundwater access and conservation is a present and future concern since studies and statistics show that groundwater amounts for 59% of the total state water supply, and 36% of municipal water supply (Ledbetter). A major source of this groundwater is the natural Texas aquifer. There are two major aquifers found in the North...
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...(Rough draft) Final Lab Report Angela Blake SCI 207: Dependence of man on the environment Instructor: Bo Sosnicki Date: November 23, 2015 Introduction Body Paragraph #1 - Background: In this lab we will examine the different pollutants of water and examine contaminates of it as well. Body Paragraph # 2 - Objective: The lab was performed so we could investigate the effects of common pollutants on groundwater as well as mimic the filtration process utilized by wastewater treatment facilities. Body Paragraph # 3 - Hypothesis: Experiment 1 Hypothesis = I think that the bleach will filtrate and remove the contaminants because bleach removes contaminants. Experiment 2 Hypothesis = I think the tap water will contain the most chemical components and the Fiji will contain the least amount of chemical components. Experiment 3 Hypothesis = I feel like the rye grass will contain the highest biodiversity. Materials and Methods Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination The material that were needed for the first experiment were, Scissors to open the package contents that we used for this experiment. (8) 250 mL Beakers numbered 1-8 with our permanent marker to distribute water in for testing. We filled Beakers 1 - 4 with 100 mL of water using our 100 mL graduated cylinder. We then used 10 mL Vegetable oil for Beaker 2, 10 mL Vinegar for Beaker 3 and 10 mL Liquid laundry detergent for Beaker 4 all mixed thoroughly with our 3 wooden stir sticks. Beakers 5-8 were used...
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...earth’s surface into the varied topography we see today. While more than 70% of our planet is covered in water, only a small percent of this water is usable freshwater. The other 99% of the water is composed primarily of salt water, with a small percentage being composed of 23 Water Quality and Contamination glaciers. Due to the high costs involved in transforming salt water into freshwater, the Earth’s population survives off the less than 1% of freshwater available. Humans obtain freshwater from either surface water or groundwater. Surface water is the water that collects on the ground as a result of precipitation. The water that does not evaporate back into the atmosphere or infiltrate into the ground is typically collected in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other bodies of water and is easily accessible. Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Transpiration Cloud formation Evaporation Evaporation Groundwater Figure 2: Water is a renewable source, purified and delivered across the planet by the hydrological cycle....
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...STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECT SAND FILTERS. COMPARISON OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OPERATION PARAMETERS María Graciela Vela Domínguez MSc. Study Program WASTE Supervisor: Martina Barabosz Examiner: Heidrun Steinmetz June 2013 INDEX Introduction……………………………………………………........ 2 1. Sand Filtration……………………………………………..…... 3 1.1 Slow Sand Filtration………………………………………..…. 6 1.1.1 Filter Description…………………………………………..… 6 1.1.2 Operational Parameters…………………………………….. 8 1.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages……………………….…. 11 1.2 Rapid Sand Filtration………………………………………..… 14 1.2.1 Filter Description……………………………..........................14 15 1.2.2 Operational Parameters………….….................................... 1.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages……………………….….. 23 1.2.4 Rapid Sand Filtration Classification………………………. 23 1.2.4.1 Continuous Rapid Sand Filtration………………………. 24 1.2.4.1.1 Filter Description…………………………………………. 24 1.2.4.1.2 Filter Operation..………………………………………… 25 27 1.2.4.1.3 Operational Parameters………………………………..………… 28 1.2.4.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages…………………………. Conclusion……………………………………………………….…. 29 Bibliography………………………………………………….…….. 31 1 Introduction Sand filtration is a technology that has been used for wastewater treatment since a long time. Bed of granular material over a gravel bed is used to treat water. This process imitates a natural treatment that occurs as water runs through the soil. During the pass through, several processes such as...
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