...Group Members:Edna Rodriguez, Bryce Bash, Alex Chick, Kang Park, Rose Date: 4/3/14 LI Jonathan Turner Unique 49190 Day: Thursday Room: 1.24 Lab Start Time 1:30pm Exercise 10 Lab Report Adhere to UT’s Honor Code and course policies. Answer group questions individually first before compiling them into one consensus group response. Individual questions are to be answered independently. Balance between brevity and completeness. Show your work for all calculations and be sure to include proper units where necessary. Any secondary resources need to be cited. One printed report is to be submitted at the START of your next laboratory period as well as a digital pdf version uploaded to Canvas. GROUP QUESTIONS 1. List the functions of the following external structures: (3 pts.) (a.) Chelapeds: large walking appendages of a crayfish; appendages allow the crayfish to grasp and tear food, and also defend itself (b.) Walking legs: the 4 pairs of appendages used to locomote in the crayfish, they are equipped with gills which allows for gas exchange (taking in oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide) (c:.) Maxillapeds: an appendage modified for feeding: holding food, touching and tasting (d.) Cephalothorax: the first segment of a crayfish, consisting of a head fused to the thorax (e.) Genital pore: location of where sperm or eggs are released (f.) Nephridiopore: Part of the excretory system for removing nitrogenous waste. (g.) Abdomen: the multi-segmented posterior region of the crayfish used...
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...UMUC Biology 102/103 Lab 4: Enzymes INSTRUCTIONS: * On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab 4 Answer Sheet electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed in the Course Schedule (under Syllabus). * To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual located under Course Content. Read the introduction and the directions for each exercise/experiment carefully before completing the exercises/experiments and answering the questions. * Save your Lab 4 Answer Sheet in the following format: LastName_Lab4 (e.g., Smith_Lab4). * You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility. Pre-Lab Questions 1. How could you test to see if an enzyme was completely saturated during an experiment? - Add more substrate and record the rate. If the rate of the reaction is constant, all the enzymes are saturated. 2. List three conditions that would alter the activity of an enzyme. Be specific with your explanation. * Temperature – Cold temperature will cause the enzyme to work slow, hot temperature will cause the enzyme to increase the movement making it less stable. * PH – Difference in range in the PH scale can alter the shape of the enzyme’s active site * Concentration Of Substrate – Less or more of enzymes to substrates ratio will affect the rate of collisions between the two affecting the number of reactions. 3. Take a look around...
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...function(s) of the digestive system (2.5 pts). The major function of the digestive system is to break down food stuffs for the purpose of extracting essential nutrients, building block molecules, and water (Freeman, 856). 2. Briefly, explain the major function(s) of the cardiovascular system (2.5 pts). The major function of the cardiovascular system is to facilitate the exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissue and the environment as well as the transport of vital molecules and nutrients to all tissues (Freeman, 875). 3. Using all relevant organs and anatomical structures, trace the physical connection between the digestive and cardiovascular systems (3 pts). Once food has emptied into the stomach, secretory enzymes are released that provoke the secretion of pancreatic enzymes as well as bile. Bile emulsifies fat globules which are converted into chylomicrons; these are then absorbed into lacteals for further processing in the lymphatic system before proceeding to final processing...
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...Animal Diversity Time Requirements: Exercise 1: 15 mins. Exercise 2: 15 mins. Exercise 3: 30 mins. Exercise 4: 10 mins. Exercise 5: 15 mins. Exercise 6: 20 mins. Exercise 7: 30 mins. Exercise 8: 10 mins. Exercise 9: 30 mins. Materials Required: ITEM NUMBER (per group) LOCATION Any living or preserved plant *specimens (listed below) Display Cart/Counter Microscopes (compound and dissecting) Display Counter Colored pencils 1 set Cart/Counter *Specimens: Preserved or Living Prepared Slides Grantia Grantia choanocytes Hydra Planaria Tapeworm Clam Termite Brittle star Crayfish Earthworm Frog Mammal skulls Sand dollar Sea cucmber Sea star Lab Safety: Wear safety goggles/glasses and gloves while handing specimens (it is preferred that specimens remain in the appropriate containers untouched). Lab coats or aprons may be available upon request. Demonstrations/Tutorials: To display each life cycle with specimens and slides, see the following display suggestions – Clean up and Disposal of Waste 1. Return any materials to original locations. 2. Try to preserve any living specimens for future labs. Lab Alternatives – Computer Based p. 113 Exercise 1 – Phylum Porifera – Sponges Given that all sponges are filter feeders, why does it follow that all sponges are aquatic? Filter feeding is the filtering of nutrients and plankton suspended in water therefore for sponges to feed effectively they must be aquatic ...
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...com/asp/sp-asp/_/ui--9F63025C7D9144F79D1199082B3E4112/PD--10054920/sOrig--CAT/sOrigID--7444/Yosemite_Valley.htm# Dr. Dr Westmoreland & Kristin Esparza Modification by Alie Koroma TODAYS MENU • • • • Mid-Term Quiz Q Animal Diversity Su Summary 3 and Assignment 5 due a y a d ss g e t Next Week No Labs (Spring Break) Which Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points on the Animal Evolutionary Tree? • Lack of Tissues Separates Sponges from All Other Animals • Animals with Tissues Exhibit Either Radial or Bilateral Symmetry – Radially Symmetrical Animals Have Two Embryonic Tissue Layers; Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals Have Three – Bilateral Animals Have Heads Radial symmetry central axis plane of symmetry Bilateral symmetry anterior plane of symmetry posterior Body symmetry and cephalization Which Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points on the Animal Evolutionary Tree? • M t Bilateral Animals Have Body Cavities Most Bil t l A i l H B d C iti – Body Cavity Structure Varies Among Phyla • P Protostomes I l d T Distinct Evolutionary Include Two Di i E l i Lines Body cavities body wall } pseudocoelom digestive tract digestive cavity “False” or pseudocoelom (roundworms) digestive cavity body } wall digestive tract body wall ll } } digestive di ti tract digestive cavity “True” coelom (annelids, chordates) coelom No coelom (cnidarians, flatworms) protostomes ecdysozoans Cnidaria Porifera (sponges) (jellyfish, corals, anemones) Ctenophora Nematoda Arthropoda (roundworms) (insects...
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...10.3: Digestive system disorders 1. Peptic Ulcers: * A peptic ulcer is a sore (hole) in the lining of the stomach or duodenum because the protective mucus that covers the lining has weakened. The tissues become inflamed due to the contact with hydrochloric acid in the stomach * Peptic ulcers cause nausea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain. * Peptic ulcers begin when bacteria called “Helicobacter pylori” attach to the wall of the stomach and prevent the area from producing the protective mucus. * Ulcers can be treated with antibiotics that kill bacteria. 2. Ulcerative colitis (IBD): * An inflammatory disease that attacks the colon. * Its symptoms are bloody stools, cramps and abdominal pain. * Surgeons remove the affected part of the colon and create a new external opening for digestive wastes. 3. Constipation: * Constipation is when the stools are dry, small, and difficult to eliminate. * It is caused by inadequate waste intake, and by an unhealthy diet taking of fibres (cellulose). * Foods rich in fibres (cellulose) like whole grain bread, brown rice, beans, peas and lentils, help prevent constipation. 4. Hepatitis: * Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. * Hepatitis is 3 types: a) Hepatitis (A): * Comes from drinking contaminated water. * There is a vaccine for it. b) Hepatitis (B): * Comes from sexual contact. * There is a vaccine for it. c) Hepatitis (C): * Comes...
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...course and work ethics, warranty claims, available student support services, expected accomplishments, and specific timelines. INSTITUTIONAL MISSION: Atlanta Technical College, a unit of the Technical College System of Georgia, located in the city of Atlanta, is an accredited institution of higher education that provides affordable lifelong learning opportunities, associate degrees, diplomas, technical certificates of credit, customized business and industry training, continuing education and other learning services using state-of-the-art technology. The integration of academics and applied career preparation to enhance student learning is essential in meeting the workforce demands and economic development needs of the people, businesses, and communities of Fulton County. Course Title: Anatomy and Physiology II Course Code Number: BIO 2114 Prerequisites: BIO 2113 Contact Hours: 70 Includes: Class Hours: 4 D. Lab Hours: 3 Credit Hours: 5 Instructor's Name: Barry N. Bates Office Room Number: 2107 Office Phone Number: 404.225. 4583 Office Fax Number: 404.225.4641 Instructor's Email Address: bbates@atlantatech.edu Office Hours: T.B.D. Course Time: 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM Lab Time: Days: Monday and Wednesday Room Number: 2124 COURSE DESCRIPTION: BIO 2114 Anatomy and Physiology II, emphasizes the physiology of the human body. It provides a solid foundation for...
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...Animal Diversity Part I Introduction One of the primary goals of the second half of Biol 106 is to understand evolutionary relationships among animals and to gain an appreciation for the diversity of animal form and function. The huge diversity of animals requires us to divide our survey of different animals into a number of labs. Because of time limitations, we will consider only the major groups of animals, but your textbook can provide information about other groups represented by few or little known species. The study of animal phylogeny is an important and ongoing scientific investigation. Because there are differing hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships between animals, we will use a simplified phylogeny (Figure 1) to help us organize and understand the enormous diversity among animals. It is helpful to group animals according to certain unifying characteristics. The largest grouping of animals is the phylum (plural phyla). As you have learned in lecture, there are a few simple questions one can ask about animals to put them into different phyla. The first question is, “What type of symmetry does the animal exhibit?” Animals can be asymmetrical, that is, possessing no organized body plan. Only the Sponges fall into this category. Animals can also be radially symmetrical, where the body is arranged around a central point at all stages of life. Many in the phylum Cnidaria (pronounced “knee dare ya”) are radially symmetrical. All other animals are bilaterally...
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...Chapter.20 Lymphatic System & lymphoid organs and tissues Lymphatic System: returns fluids that have leaked from the blood vascular system back into the blood 3 Parts: Network of lymphatic vessels Lymph = fluid contained in those vessels Lymph nodes - cleanse the lymph as it passes through them Lymphatic vessels form a one way system in which lymph fluid flows only towards the heart. when fluid pressure is greater then the pressure n the lymphatic capillary it will be drained toward the heart. order questions? how does it flow from the lymphatic capillaries to the heart? or opposite way around. The cistern chill collects lymph from the 2 larger lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs & form the intestinal trunk that drains the digestive organs. Lymphoid Organs & Tissues: provide the structural basis of the immune system -House phagocytic cells & lymphocytes which play roles in the body defines mechanisms & resistance to disease. Ex- Spleen Lymphatic Capillaries: Weave btwn the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose CT of the body these vessels to be EXTREMELY permeable due to mini-valves. Lymphatic Trunks: drain large areas of the body, named for the regions which they drain lymph Lymphatic Ducts: R Lymphatic Duct -drains lymph from R upper limb & right side of head and thorax 2) Thoracic Duct much larger b/c receives lymph from the rest of the body Lymph Transport: Lymphatic vessels are low-pressure conduits...
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...Key Organs and Enzymes of the Digestive System 1) The salivary glands produce salivary amylase to digest starch. 2) The stomach produces pepsin, which is a protease to digest protein. 3) The pancreas produces: Proteases, to digest protein within the small intestine Pancreatic amylase to digest starch within the small intestine Pancreatic lipase to digest fats the small intestine Part 1: Testing for Macromolecules Hypotheses Food 1 (Junk):maruchan instant soup Food 2 (Junk): Frito chips Food 3 (Junk): Waffle Grahams Food 4 (Healthy): Dried oatmeal’s Food 5 (Healthy): sweet n salty mix Food 6 (Healthy): Banana Directions for Testing 1) Why is it important to use a negative and positive control? It is important to have negative and positive...
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...Tissues: An introduction Lab Report Part 1 This lab is divided into two different parts. Part 1 deals with the general characteristics of tissues, and part 2 asks you to interpret some photomicrographs taken of human tissue slides in our lab. Part one should be completed first, but you’ll probably get a lot of hints about the answers for part 2 if you’ve looked over the images and questions provided ahead of time to work on them. To do Part 1, download the following documents and have your textbook available. Part 1 Characteristics of tissues A. Epithelial Tissues What are five general characteristics which distinguish epithelial tissues? (1. Cellularity: tightly packed sheets of cells with little intercellular material between them 2. Basement membrane; the basal surface of ETs are anchored to underlying CT by a distinct basement membrane 3. Specialized contacts: tight junctions and desmosomes 4. Avascularity: contain no blood vessels; are nourished by nutrients which diffuse upward from underlying connective tissue through the basement membrane 5. Regeneration: high regeneration capacity due to rapid cell division ) Explain how the general morphology of epithelial cells may be deduced from the names of the epithelial tissues. (The names of the epithelial cells are characteristic of their structure: simple=single layer stratified=many layers squamous=flat cuboidal=cube shaped columnar=elongated ) Epithelial tissues specialized for secretion can be found...
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...E.J.S. BIO 235L: Anatomy & Physiology II Lab The Digestive System and its Accessory Organs 1. Parotid Gland 2. Sublingual Gland 3. Submandibular Gland 4. Liver 5. Gallbladder 6. Duodenum 7. Pancreas 8. Hepatic Flexure 9. Ascending Colon 10. Ileum 11. Cecum 12. Appendix 13. Sigmoid Flexure 14. Anus 15. Rectum 16. Sigmoid Colon 17. Descending Colon 18. Jejunum 19. Transverse Colon 20. Splenic Flexure of Transverse Colon 21. Spleen 22. Stomach 23. Esophagus 1. Parotid Gland 2. Sublingual Gland 3. Submandibular Gland 4. Liver 5. Gallbladder 6. Duodenum 7. Pancreas 8. Hepatic Flexure 9. Ascending Colon 10. Ileum 11. Cecum 12. Appendix 13. Sigmoid Flexure 14. Anus 15. Rectum 16. Sigmoid Colon 17. Descending Colon 18. Jejunum 19. Transverse Colon 20. Splenic Flexure of Transverse Colon 21. Spleen 22. Stomach 23. Esophagus The Digestive Pathway Mechanical Digestion begins in the mouth from the moment that a food bolus enters the oral cavity. Mastication, the mechanical breakdown of the food bolus by chewing occurs here. Chemical Digestion begins when the Salivary Glands (Parotid, Sublingual and Submandibular Glands) release saliva into the oral cavity. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. After bolus has been broken down adequately, swallowing occurs. The food bolus will move through the pharynx and enter the esophagus continuing its journey via peristalsis (rhythmic contractions of the...
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...What is Autopsy? What Anatomical Pathology do to perform an investigation of a death body? How are autopsies used to determine the cause of death? Autopsy is a postmortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease, the autopsy is performed by a medical examiner. It’s a systematic examination of the entire body to determine the manner and cause of death. It can be used on the external and internal surfaces of the body.Forensic pathology is a specialty of pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. The pathologic process, injury, or disease that directly results in or initiates a series of events that lead to a person's death . Why fetal pigs are good dissection specimens? The fetal...
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...10-15-2015 LAB MIDTERM Tuesday, October 20th, 2015 at 8:00-9:30PM in Elliott Hall of Music BRING YOUR PURDUE ID!!!!!! EVENING EXAM TAKES THE PLACE OF YOUR REGULARLY SCHEDULED LAB FOR THE WEEK OF OCT. 12! For Next Recitation (10/16 and 10/19) Read Lab 8 Quiz covering Lab 8 1 THE HUMAN BODY – LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION 1. MOLECULES (e.g. water, two atoms of hydrogen linked to one atom of oxygen) and macromolecules ( = "large molecules", e.g. DNA) 2. CELLS (e.g. white blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells), which contain cell organelles (e.g. mitochondria, little powerhouses that produce energy for the cells) 3. TISSUES, made up of cells (e.g. muscle tissue, nerve tissue) 4. ORGANS, groups of tissues (e.g. liver, heart, kidney) 5. SYSTEMS, groups of organs designed to do a specific job (e.g. the digestive system, reproductive system, nervous system). Cavities of the Body Membranes of the Body MEMBRANES THORACIC CAVITY PLEURAL lines thoracic cavity and covers lungs ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY PERICARDIAL surrounds heart and covers its surface PERITONEAL lines abdominopelvic cavity and covers organs inside (stomach, intestines, etc.) 2 ORGAN SYSTEMS 1. Body covering 2. Support, protection and movement 3. Integration and coordination 4. Processing and transporting 5. Reproduction - integumentary system - skeletal system - muscular system - nervous system - endocrine system - digestive system - respiratory...
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...PANTING GRADE: 9TH INTEGRATED SCIENCES: LIFE SCIENCE AND CHEMISTRY The human body is formed by different systems and organs that allow it to work, and grow. We will study the skeletal system, the skin and muscles, food and digestion, circulation, respiration and excretion. 1. What must I know and be able to do at the end of the third bimestrial? ¬ Ch. 1 Bones, Muscles, and the Skin 1. Identify the functions of the skeletal system, the muscular system and the skin. 1. Compare and contrast movable and unmovable joints, and types of muscles. 1. Explain how skin protects the body from disease. ¬ Ch. 2 Food and Digestion 1 Identify the importance of each type of nutrient. 2 Explain the relationship between diet and health. 3 Identify the organs of the digestive system and what takes place in each. ¬ Ch. 3 Circulation 1 Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries. 2 Identify the functions of the pulmonary and systemic circulation system. 3 Identify the parts and functions of blood, and give examples of diseases. 4 Describe the functions of the lymphatic system, and explain how lymph organs help fight infections. ➢ Ch.4 Respiration and Excretion 1. Describe functions of the respiratory system and what happens during gas exchange and breathing. 2. Identify the structures that air passes through...
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