...Land Use Control in Hydraulic Fracturing Prepared for Katherine Wears, Phd. Professor and Assistant Dean at Clarkson University Prepared by Martin Sable Student, Masters in Engineering Management at Clarkson University August 10, 2014 Executive Summary This paper will review the process of hydraulic fracturing, its effects on the environment, and the opposition against the practice. A chronological discussion of lobbying activities and regulatory actions will be discussed, with a particular focus on land use control. A discussion of some of the past and potential future litigation on land rights related to the subject will be covered. The paper will end with the author’s opinion on the subject and of the potential future of the industry. Background Hydraulic Fracturing is a method of simulating well production in both natural gas and oil wells. It was first introduced in 1947, and was adopted for commercial applications as early as 1949.15 The process involves drilling wells deep into ground rock formations, then injecting fluids at high pressure into the ground. The high pressure causes fracturing of the rocks that release gas or oil into the wells that may then be extracted. In 1968 high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) was introduced, in an effort to tap into the large shale basins containing deposits of natural gas. The main difference between this and conventional hydraulic fracturing is tremendous volume of fracturing fluids that are pumped...
Words: 3009 - Pages: 13
...American Identity Paper 1 American Identity Paper Keisha Johnson University of Phoenix CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper is my original work. I affirm that I have not submitted any portion of this paper to any previous course, and neither has anyone else. I confirm that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased. Any assistance I received while producing this paper has been acknowledged in the References section. I have obtained written permission from the copyright holder for any trademarked material, logos, images from the Internet, or other sources. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student’s signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): ________Keisha Johnson______________________________ American Identity Paper 2 American Identity Paper What distinguishes an American from a European, according to Crevecoeur? People traveled to North America for freedom of religion, government, farming, trading, and economically. According to Crevecoeur’s letter, the new land brought hope to the people; everyone who came shared at least one goal, to develop...
Words: 508 - Pages: 3
...<Faculty Name> <Grade Earned> <Date Graded> What are the Business practices in retail and wholesale firework sales for the State of Washington Tribes? Writing up your Topical Research and Doctoral Learning Plan Marjoree Corless Northcentral University The Business Practices in Retail and Wholesale Firework Sales for the State of Washington Tribes This paper examines the legal rights that American Indians/Tribes have on their tribal lands when they are attempting to promote and develop economic developments in their communities, with a particular emphasis on the sale of fireworks. The paper will examine the hierarchy and relationship of agencies involved in the economic development practices for Tribes, and how the small entrepreneurial businesses, such as fireworks is Indian Country can be achieved. This paper attempts to demonstrate and support the hypothesis that economic developments for tribes are essential for American Indian people to become self-sufficient. Background Tribes that are federally recognized and are exercising their governmental authority over their Tribal lands inside the states they reside in. Also, according to the 2010 Census, the American Indian population was at 5.2 million people which were a total 1.7 percent of the entire population, in the...
Words: 4140 - Pages: 17
...2.5 Major concerns with paper mill sludge management 2.5.1 Land filling Figure 2.3 represent the disposal problem of land filling with environment. In Paper mill sludge with high organic content in landfill is subjected to aerobic and anaerobic decay. According to Buswell and Mueller (1952), 1 ton of low-ash PMS in landfill theoretically releases into environment approximately 2.69 tons of CO2 and 0.24 ton of CH4 (Likon et al., 2009). Currently, most PMS is dried, spread or deposited onto the landfill (Mabee, 2001). The landfills can be industrial, in that are constructed and operated by the mills, or they can be independently owned, requiringsludgedisposal. theThe mill European Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and upcoming bio-waste...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4
...Electronic Waste 2 Abstract This paper will discuss how the United States dispose of electronic waste, how electronic waste is made on a daily basis, and the reasons we have so much electronic waste. This paper will also discuss the problems with e-waste in the world and how our country will benefit from recycling of e-waste and how recycling will help in creating new greener jobs in the future. Electronic Waste 3 Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a term that we use for electronic products that have become obsolete, unwanted products that have essentially reached the end of its life (Denga, 2008). Technology has become so advance at such a rate that many devices become trash even after a short time. This is due to the fact that many companies are constantly coming up with new electronic ideals faster than they can create one product they usually have another one on the market. Many electronic devices that we use on an everyday basis become trash after a few years of use by the customer. The term “old electronic” in fact is one of the reasons that contribute to e-waste such as DVD players being replaced by Blu-ray players and VCRs being replaced by the DVD players (Denga, 2008). E-waste is created from devices that may be electronic such as TV’s, PDA’s, CD players fax machines and computers (Antonitis, 2011). Many of these items are being thrown away on a daily basis. The obsolete computers and many other electronic devices are filling...
Words: 1030 - Pages: 5
...is appropriate. (Boddy, 2011) After the making of long-term strategy, the manager may also require to establish and short term operational plan, which is related to the business strategy. The procedures and process, which determined by the operational strategy, is in service of the future goal of the company. Further, the operational plans could have an influence on the development and expansion of the company. (Operational Planning, 2007) However, the business strategy and operational plans may demand update periodically in order to adapted in the protean business environment, and strategy processes may become valuable assets to keep the data up to date. The process is the operation that collects and analyzes data from both inner and outer of the business. (George and Hill, 2012) Two of the most worthy tools for the strategy process are SWOT and PESTEL analyses. The PESTEL analyze has a trend of data from external environment, and the SWOT analyze is tend to analysis internal elements. (Boddy, 2011) The cases for comparison are Aston Martin and Land Rover. Aston Martin and Land Rover are both car industry company from the UK, and the companies have long stories. The history for Land Rover is likely begins in 1861, (Unknown, 2013) and the Aston Martin company was found in 1912. (Dowsey, 2012) After more than a hundred years of production and evolution, the two companies have become two of the...
Words: 471 - Pages: 2
...efficient? Index Introduction I. Past to present People’s Republic of China, towards transition Property rights, defined p. 3 p. 3-4 II. III. p. 5-6 The Chinese Model p. 6-8 Evolution vs. Big Bang, and the employment of ambiguous property rights Current p. 8-11 China, mid-transition and the functionality of ambiguous property rights in transition Future China, post transition, and does one size fit all? p. 11-12 IV. V. Conclusion Bibliography p. 13 p. 14-15 2 Introduction China’s remarkable and unmatched growth of the past decades, regardless of it ambiguous property rights and a relatively weak legal framework, have puzzled governments and economists to date. The contrast between China’s transitional economy and those in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union could not be more striking. Whereas the transition of the latter two has been a struggle and have sparked recession, China’s transition has brought about an economic boom and its gradual reform path has challenged the belief that gradual reform and public ownership cannot work as a transitional strategy. This paper aims to analyse the Chinese Model of economic transition with a focus on the structure of property rights in the system, primarily in the rural sector. First, a brief historic background of China and its course towards transition is provided, after which property rights and the various approaches to them are examined. I will then explore what system China currently...
Words: 3656 - Pages: 15
...Environmental Management Systems | I declare that all material in this assignment is my own work except where there is clear acknowledgement or reference to the work of others and I have complied and agreed to the University statement on Plagiarism and Academic Integrity. | Constant Title | page | a) Identify a company and discuss the following: (10 marks)i) Background of the company ii) Introduction to the services / products of the company | 3 | b) Identification of the potential environmental impacts that maybe caused by the services / products of the company. (10 marks) | 4 | c) The company’s environmental management system (EMS) [Strategies to reduce the Environmental impacts]. (10 marks) | 6 | d) How the company’s EMS benefits the environment. (10 marks) | 7 | e) The advantage of having EMS in the company. (10 marks) | 8 | f) Alternatives ways to improve environmental performance of the company beside the approach stated in company policy. (10 marks) | 9 | References | 10 | Adidas, one of the largest companies in the world, the story start in Bavaria, Germany. A man call Adi Dassler the founder of Adidas in the age of 49 on August 18, 1949 has started the company with 47 employees in Herzogenaurach. Until today the company have 67 years history, Adidas AG is German sportswear manufacturer and beside that they also produce others products such as...
Words: 2345 - Pages: 10
...up the accumulated knowledge and meanings associated in the world which forms values and beliefs that people have. It is all of these gained attributes that directly relate to one’s sense of place because what they have done and experienced in a particular place, will create an attachment where they have learned their characteristics. This newfound attachment with a particular place has a purpose for the people who have connected with the area. Now that a sense of purpose has been established, the people in this area now can either make the decision to use the land for theirs for the taking or to do their part and protect it by living in harmony with the nature. It is the option of people...
Words: 1501 - Pages: 7
...Review of Policy Document The Great Transition A tale of how it turned out right By nef is an independent think-and-do tank that inspires and demonstrates real economic well-being Abstract The paper ‘The great transition’ by the nef talks about the great transition that we as a humanity has to take in order to reverse the harm that have been caused to the environment by our actions. In this report I try to analyse the policy and look at what suggestions that have been suggested by the authors is adoptable and what potential implications can it have on the world economy and businesses in general, and also what potential positive impact this can have on global warming and climate change. At the end of the report I make a reflection on the ethical and moral dilemma that I might face in future at my workplace. Introduction Our crude dependence on oil and the complete disregard for the environment has led us to this path of irreversible destructive impact on the planet and there is no less that 60 months left beginning in 2008 that climate change in the form of a 4C rise in temperature by the end of the century becomes irreversible. Also with the current economic crisis it has become apparent that the path that we are going forward in terms of value creation in terms of wealth and GDP output has not been efficient enough to target the real problems that we face today and most governments have been ineffective enough to give an optimal result....
Words: 3310 - Pages: 14
...instance, agriculture expansion, logging operations, land abuse, and accidental wildfires. Even through there are a variety of factors that can lead to deforestation the end result is always the same, utter destruction. To begin with, the concept of deforesting is nothing new, the main differences between the present and the past lies in the causes. In the past deforesting was mainly used for agriculture, typically it was used in the slash and burn style. In the present deforesting for agriculture remains but in a much greater scale, according to World Wildlife Fund (WWF) about thirty-six football fields of trees are lost every minute due to deforestation. Agriculture plays a huge part in deforestation especially with the world population at an all-time high, in fact farmers are constantly expanding their land and cutting down trees to grow crops. Next, unlike agriculture logging expansions didn’t occur until most recently. Logging operations are the root cause of the world’s paper, if it weren’t for loggers there would be no paper/wooden products. Although their many differences between logging operations and agriculture, a big difference would be that most logging operations are required by law to replant seeds to regrow the forest after deforestation. Unfortunately the cause of replanting was due to the devastating effects of deforestation that included soil erosion and floods. Furthermore, another big cause of deforestation is land abuse, unlike agriculture...
Words: 546 - Pages: 3
...ENV/100 Week One Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions: • How do you define environmental science? Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with the environment. Environmental science is the study of the interaction of the living and non-living components of the environment with special emphasis on the impact of humans on these components. Environmental science is a very dynamic area of research and involves many different fields of study. (Hartwick College, 2013) These other study areas include biology, ecology, geology, chemistry, physic, engineering, math, computer science and other sciences that work together to keep the world moving forward. • How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today's society? Science and technology have been and will be ways to study the environment and the issues that are occurring including climate change, pollution and the reduction in natural resources. Over the past thirty years scientist have studied air pollution and how it is affect the environment which has led to new technology to monitor air quality. Also science and technology have developed new engines and manufacturing plants that reduce pollution back into the environment. Automobiles produce lower volumes of carbon dioxide then...
Words: 1039 - Pages: 5
...International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013 ISSN 2250-3153 1 Future of Real Estate Business (Ready-made Flat) in Khulna City Feroz Ahmed *, Md. Reaz Uddin**, S. M. Rasel Ahammad*** ** * Professor, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh Assistant Professor, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh *** Territory Officer, Transcom Mobile Ltd. Bangladesh Abstract- Real estate is a fast growing industry in Bangladesh. Earlier this business was concentrated in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Later on, it spreads in various major cities of the country. The present study has paid efforts to explore the future of real estate business in Khulna, a major divisional city of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from Khulna city area. Respondents were selected carefully considering their potentiality to be a flat or house owner in this city. The study has identified income of potential buyers, land price, hassle of buying a flat, developers’ performance and their trustworthiness, and availably of land will determine the future of real estate business in Khulna region. Consumers’ income has been found statistically significant. prospective customers toward real estate business and developers whether they will accept the real estate service or will construct house by own along with the probable reason behind their perception...
Words: 2444 - Pages: 10
...Authors :( 3:3:3) Application of Computational Methods Real Estate Investment Industry Abstract The paper studies the computation methods applied in real estate brokerage industry, Real estate development is a commercial activity involving taking the take the future of an area and trying to shape it needs of future generations and the ambition to make it successful merchandise in the real estate marketplace and thus it is a risky market venture. The paper, therefore, seeks to link the use explicitly of mathematical computation methods used in real estate to how they help manage sales of recently constructed assets. The cost of construction is estimated by the internal area info included in the contract records and from available gross construction cost rates. The most commonly adopted approaches are the binomial models, Black and Scholes and Monte Carol stimulation form the basis of the paper. The motivation for this project is set out more clearly and the computation study methods used in the real estate brokerage industry. Keywords Real estate, Monte Carlo simulations, interpolation, forecasting, Binomial models and Black and Scholes models Introduction Real estate business is the production plant of our cities that converts unproductive land to town space used for various activities by different people. Real estate development shapes the attractiveness of the places we devote so much time in and can substantially...
Words: 2089 - Pages: 9
...POLICY AND PEACEBUILDING FINAL PAPER University of Notre Dame THE LAND QUESTION AND DISPLACMENT IN KENYA: SUPPORT FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL LAND POLICY By William Kiptoo EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2010 Kenya enacted the National Land Policy following the promulgation of the new through the referendum. This was achieved through many years of consultation between the government and stakeholders of the land sector, mainly civil society organizations. The need for land reform was also identified by the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation as key to long-term peace and reconciliation. The policy aims to address Kenya’s land tenure problems that have caused political violence during elections and mass displacements of the local population due to unresolved land grievances. Internal displacement and land problems in Kenya are a product of the colonial legacy, where the land policy favored the white settlers against the African natives. After independence successive governments inherited these policies and land became political tool to rewards loyalties further creating divisions and discontent. A myriads of land-related conflicts followed pitting communities against each other as political elites continue to benefits. The inability of the government of Kenya to adequately address the land question has implied that the basic needs of significant proportion of the Kenyan population are not met. The basis of the new law is address the root causes of...
Words: 4527 - Pages: 19
