...Protecting Minority Languages; Preserving Minority Cultures A minority culture of any given country is often found in a particular region of that country because all members of the cultural group are needed to outbid the present majority in the same area for the resources, thus establishing the area as their homeland and a symbol of the group’s cultural identity. This exhibition of localized minority cultural conglomeration can be seen across many multicultural nations because if members do pursue their own ideal way of life they would be “forced to try to execute their chosen life-styles in an alien culture” (Kymlicka 188) These minority cultures are thusly envious of the majority culture as they “get for free what aboriginal people have to pay for: secure cultural membership.” (Kymlicka 190) A primary characteristic of a culture is the language. Language has been identified as “the symbolic representation of a people, since it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.” (Brown cited by Jiang) The importance of language therefore suggests the significance of preserving the cultural language to better protect the minority cultures.; Hhowever the insignificant number of users for the minority language oftentimes leads the majority culture to overlook the language, thereby undermining the culture’s security. In Given Rawls’ theory on justice, unequal product contingencies...
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...attitudes, and beliefs of a group of people. cultural collision can occur when a company implements practices that are less effective or when employees encounter distress because of difficulty in accepting or adjusting to foreign behaviors. cultural awareness: Managers that educate themselves about other cultures have a greater chance of succeeding abroad How Cultures Form and Change : - Change by choice : may occur reaction to social and economic situations that present people with new alternatives . - change by imposition : called cultural imperialism , involve imposing certain elements from an alien culture , such as change in law by occupying country . Language: Cultural Diffuser and Stabilizer - A common language within a country is a unifying force - A shared language between nations facilitates international business - Native English speaking countries account for a third of the world’s production - English is the international language of business Social Stratification: 1- an individual’s achievements and qualifications an individual’s achievement is important , such as choosing a successful athlete spokesperson to advertise sportswear , also speak with the audience and how to reach your idea to all listener . 2- an individual’s affiliation with, or membership in, certain groups Ascribed group memberships based on gender, family, age, caste, and ethnic, racial, or national origin Acquired group memberships based on religion, political...
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...Environmental Factors Marilys F. Robles Rivera MKT/421 July 25, 2013 Professor Thelma Gonzalez Environmental Factors Environment global international field is a key field of the environment of most managers, today more than ever. In addition, several groups are pushing for new forms and higher levels of ethical behavior of managers and greater corporate social responsibility. The overall feel, sometimes called macro environment, includes the external factors that usually affect all organizations or most of it, in every company is present although the specific types of forces and environmental conditions vary from industry to another. International business transactions are understood as all commercial, private or government between two or more countries. Private companies conduct such transactions for profit; governments may or may not do the same in their transactions. Enter these transactions are sales, investment and transport. For firms involved in international trade. When a company operates internationally should be considered his mission (he tried to do and that will become long-term), goals (specific performance goals to fulfill its mission) and strategy (the means of achieving its objectives) are presented below : • Expand sales • Acquire resources • Minimize the risk EXPAND SALES: Sales of businesses depend on two factors: consumer interest in their products and services and their willingness and ability to purchase. The number of people...
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...environmentalist, and industry representatives. The first LEED Pilot Project Program, also referred to as LEED Version 1.0, was launched at the USGBC Membership Summit in August 1998. After extensive modifications LEED Green Building Rating System released Version 2.0 in March 2000. LEED Version 2.1 was then officially released in 2002, followed by LEED Version 2.2 in 2005. In April 2009, the USGBC launched v3.0, which included a new building certification model, a new LEED Online, and an improvement to the LEED rating system (LEED 2009)....
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...159 governments and 29 observer governments, formed in 1995 to supervise the liberalization of trade between its member nations through bilateral and/or unilateral trade agreements; rules and regulations agreed upon through consensus; the formulation of committees to oversee trade of goods, services, intellectual property, and formation of trade agreements as well as to settle trade disputes through contract and arbitration. The WTO itself asserts that it and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, has contributed to the 16 fold increase in world trade volume since the post WW2 era. Criticisms have been leveled against the WTO from non-governmental organizations, watchdog groups, and government officials from developing nations. Some claim WTO committee membership is too exclusive and centered around wealthy nations. Others criticize the WTO for allowing rich countries to keep high subsidies and import tariffs on agriculture while negotiating for newer and developing member nations to open their agriculture markets. Furthermore, still more critics claim the WTO ignores issues of labor rights and environmental protection due to its bias toward large corporations as some say is evident in the WTO's stance on intellectual property and blocking of the generic versions of pharmaceuticals to be traded in developing nations. This article attempts to estimate the effect of the WTO on international trade by comparing the bilateral trade flows of 175 countries over...
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...and concrete but as something that is situated and constructed by others, a glimpse of poststructuralist view on identity. Recently, language learning has been seen as participation and negotiation of self (see Higgins, forthcoming; Kinginger, 2004; Lam, 2000; Morita, 2004; Ohara, 2001; Pavlenko & Lantolf, 2000; and Solé, 2007 among others). The trend is resonated in the growing interest in language learner identity and the studies in narratives. In this paper, a case of heritage language learner will be investigated upon the theoretical frame of poststructuralism. Narrative inquiry will be used to analyze how she negotiates her learner identity. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: First, by looking at the struggle a language learner makes to acquire her heritage language, I reclaim the centrality of identity in defining heritage language learners. Second, to widen the horizons of narrative studies to the cyber space as it provides an ample source of easily accessible data and it has become one of the commonplace media of daily communication. Heritage Language Learners and Identity To refer to the Heritage Language Learners (HLLs), various terms have been implemented such as ‘native speakers,’ ‘quasi native speakers,’ ‘bilingual speakers,’ or, from the dissatisfaction with the prior terms, ‘home background speakers,’ and ‘heritage language speakers’ (Valés, 2005: p. 412). There has not yet been a concise definition, however, that succinctly encapsulates the distinct features...
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...Multicultural Collaboration | Main Section | Contributed by Tim BrownleeEdited by Jerry Schultz and Phil Rabinowitz | What is "multicultural collaboration"? Why is multicultural collaboration important? When should you commit to multicultural collaboration? What are some guidelines for multicultural collaboration? How do you build a multicultural collaboration? As our society becomes more culturally diverse, organizations are understanding the need to work with other organizations in order to "turn up the sound," so their voices are heard and their issues will be addressed. This means that individuals and institutions can no longer deny the sometimes uncomfortable realities of cultural diversity. Organizers and activists are realizing that we have to come to grips with our multicultural society, or we won't get anything done. But how do we do that? One Wisconsin labor activist says, "We want to include communities of color, but we just don't know where to begin. We hold open meetings, but no people of color even show up." A neighborhood organization member in South Los Angeles, says, "Last year, we decided to move toward organizing in the Latino community for the simple reason that we have a lot of new immigrants from Central America in the neighborhoods. We wanted to make an authentic multicultural organization, but we learned an important lesson -- it doesn't just happen." Many organizers have begun to come to grips with diversity issues, even though they may not...
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...present. There are 4 areas of Anthropology- 1. sociocultural - examine social patterns and practices across cultures, with a special interest in how people live in particular places and how they organize, govern, and create meaning 2. , biological/physical - seek to understand how humans adapt to diverse environments, how biological and cultural processes work together to shape growth, development and behavior, and what causes disease and early death 3. archaeology - study past peoples and cultures, from the deepest prehistory to the recent past, through the analysis of material remains, ranging from artifacts and evidence of past environments to architecture and landscapes 4. linguistics- is the comparative study of ways in which language reflects and influences social life Unit 1 – Book Anthropology – the study of humankind in all times and places Colonialism – when one nation dominates another through occupation, admin (military) and control of resource’s. Cultural imperialism – refers to the promotion of one nation’s values, beliefs, and behavior above those of all others. Most famous empiricist – Franz Boas (1858-1942) he rejected racism and saw everyone as equal Radcliffe Brown – focused on how culture worked as a whole to maintain itself Malinowski – paid attention to his key informants’ point of view (groundbreaking methodology) Influences on Canadian Anthro – museums, academic department, applied research Diamond Jenness – page 7 epic winter story, survived...
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...Cultural Autobiographical Reflection Author Note This paper was prepared for SPCHxxx, Intercultural Communication taught by Professor xxxxxx. Cultural Autobiographical Reflection Cultural Group Membership The first cultural group that I subscribe to and identify with is the African American culture. Like many, the African culture is represented in many forms such as music, art, storytelling and dance. Cultures exist to satisfy the needs of its subscribers. Through culture, I was taught about food habits, rituals concerning life and death, and how to worship. In many African American households, it is customary to serve black-eyed peas adhering to the belief that dish is a lucky New Year's meal is especially popular in the south. To date, I still cook black-eyed peas on New Year’s Eve because that’s what I grew up seeing, so became the tradition. As a child, relatively all of my friends followed the same ritual in their household. I take value in this cultural behavior that has transmitted from generation to generation. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication The communicative potential of nonverbal behavior is heavily influenced by culture, where we are taught how to interpret messages of other’s nonverbal communication and behavior within the culture. A learned nonverbal communication cue that I was taught as a child was to always make eye contact when generating or receiving a message. A known characteristic of my culture reveals that within USA, African-Americans use...
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...of an individual based on his or her membership| | |- or perceived membership - in a certain group or category. It involves the group's initial | | |reaction or interaction, influencing the individual's actual behavior towards the group or | | |the group leader, restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to | | |a group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or | | |irrational decisionmaking. | |Institutional discrimination |Institutional discrimination is when an institution or dominant group promotes | | |discrimination. An example of this could be if you local community college made all the | | |girls sit outside. This would be discrimination against the females and the college would be| | |the institution. | |Political correctness |Political correctness (adjectivally, politically correct; both forms commonly abbreviated to| | |PC) is a term which denotes language, ideas, policies, and behavior seen...
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...and communications consultancy group and an executive in residence at the Center for Creative Leadership. Tardanico is well respected and recognised public speaker and consultant on communications, her experience and wealth of knowledge regarding communication in the workplace strongly contribute to the credibility of this article. Reading two: The Internet and Social Life. The Internet and Social Life. Written by John A. Bargh and Katelyn Y.A. McKenna and published in Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 55, 2004. Annual Reviews is a non-profit organisation that has been in publication since 1932. Annual review is a highly recognised source of scientific information and is considered a reputable journal amongst the scientific community. Both authors are faculty members of the New York University at the time of publication. This article is very comprehensive and is able to cite valid references to support their claims. As both authors are highly qualified and respected within their fields, and the publication it is reported in is reputable this contributes the credibility of this article. PART B Argument outline. Is Social Media Sabotaging Real Communication? Overall argument: To determine if social media and Internet based communication have had a positive or negative effect on communication in the workplace. Supporting Arguments: • Only 7% of communication is based on verbal or written word, the other 93% is non-verbal body language. The use...
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...ABSTRACT A group of people who work interdependently towards a common goal, spread across organization, distance and time are called a Virtual team. In the current global business environment it is a necessity for multi-national organizations to make globally distributed operating units to maintain a position in the marketplace. This paper discusses the future need for virtual teams in the global organizations. As organizations seek to spread in the global market , a need is created to explore the context, and management of virtual teams. There is a need to explore the success and failures of implementing virtual teams. Also as the trends arise of round the clock customer service by many major organizations, it is very much necessary to adopt virtual teams who can provide the same service round the clock to customers spread across the globe. INTRODUCTION A team is a combinational unit of interdependent individuals who work towards common goals; endowed with complementary skills such as, technical knowledge, problem-solving ability, time management and emotional intelligence etc.. Such a team which operates from different locations and communicates virtually can be called Virtual teams.[1] Four words capture the essence of virtual teams: people, purpose, links and time." Virtual teams can also be called Globally Distributed Teams (GDT). Lin, Standing and Lui define virtual teams as, “an interdependent group working on a project across time and space...
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...Contents Introduction 3 Description of your Diverse Cultural Group 4 Evaluating Workplace Culture 5 Interaction of your Selected Culture with your Organization 6 Membership and Gender Challenges 7 Intercultural Conflict 8 Verbal and Nonverbal Challenges 9 Building Business Relationships 10 Conclusion 11 Introduction When considering forming a business relationship or when working with people from a Hispanic culture there are many things that one should consider in order to have a successful relationship. Over the last several weeks we have studied many topics to enhance our ability to work with other cultures. In the first topic we chose a culture to learn about that would benefit our organization in learning how to enhance our communication skills in with. My chosen culture was the Hispanic culture as we have many suppliers and co-workers within our facility that we could enhance our working relationships with. In Module two we evaluated our own workplace cultures in and learning if we had a collectivistic or individualistic culture we work within. As we look at module three we begin to focus on just how our chosen culture interacts with our organization. In this area we have learned about the pitfalls that can befall us when we stereo type a group. In module four, we studied how the different Group memberships affect communication within our organization and how it affects the different...
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...analyse the business activities of Shoreditch House, a private members club and hotel, part of Soho House Group. The report is written from the perspective of a placement student working for Shoreditch House for the duration of one year; spending time working on all floors, primarily in front of hour, largely in the Events department. Soho House Group was Founded in 1995, a sole private members club in West London, it has since grown to include a range of private members clubs, restaurants, hotels, cinemas and spa’s spanning Europe and North America. Although the houses design varies based on location, the ethos to ‘create a comfortable home for a community of like-minded people’ is consistent throughout. Soho House Group is targeted at professionals from the film, media and creative industries and has gained popularity among celebrities. The membership has is notorious for being difficult to obtain. Shoreditch House is a private members club in central East London. It spans the three top floors of a six story building. The Club contains two restaurants, a bar, ‘Sitting room’ area, roof top swimming pool, ‘lazy lawn’ area, gym and three private events spaces. It also has a spa on the ground floor and a hotel on the side of the building, which are also accessible by the public. The analysis is primarily of Shoreditch House but takes in to consideration Soho House Groups position within the industry. The report will look in detail at the organisation structure, marketing strategy...
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.... ABPsychologyIII Aggression and Group Membership: A social Representations Approach to the study of Aggression By Joseph H. Puyat University of the Philippines, Diliman Philippine Journal of Psychology Vol.32 Nos.2(1999)34-52 Majority of social Psychological studies conducted on aggression focused on neurobiological and situational determinants of aggressive behavior. In many of these studies, however, cognitive processes were almost treated as an individual phenomenon; virtually immune to the influences of group membership. A different stance was taken in this study. Here, cognitive processes were presumed to be frequently subject to the influences of group shared knowledge structures. By studying the elements and structure of these hared cognitions, a better understanding of how individuals process information that influence their aggressive action would be gained. This exploratory study was carried out with this objective mind. Group based on gender and memberships in fraternities/sororities were used for comparison. To determine the elements of shared cognition, respondents were asked to write down everything that comes to their mind when they hear or see the word aggression. The data collected from this word association task were subjected to correspondence analysis to determine the elements were structured. Results reveled the respondents thoughts were organized using the individual- intergroup...
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