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Life Course Literature

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Chapter 3: The Life Course
3.1 Early life course literature Popularized in the 1960’s, the term life course is adapted from modern sociology and refers to “the study of biography, of history and of the problems of their intersection within social structure” (Mills, 1959, p. 149). The aim is to gain an understanding of how development and aging within different historical and geographical contexts effects a person’s life (Elder, et al., 2006), focusing on the cultural aspects of an individual’s maturation. This term differs from lifecycle which instead emphases the biological development of an individual, not the social aspects which parallel their physical maturation. Early examples of the life course approach centred on the family cycle …show more content…
Chronological age uses a calendar-based system for determining age, but lacks cross-cultural understanding (Halcrow & Tayles, 2008). Among non-industrialized societies such as the !Kung Bushmen, studies show that there is little conceptualization of chronological age (Settersten Jr. & Mayer, 1997). Even in modern industrialized societies chronological age is problematic, with Europe calculating chronological age on an actual age system, while China uses a nominative age system. Under this system, newborns are assigned the age of 1 in contrast with the actual age system which uses months when referring to infants during the first calendar year of life. In comparing age cohorts between a nominative age system and actual age system, variations of 1-2 years are common (Yi, …show more content…
These are often used alongside bioarchaeological methods to discuss the life course of a given population; however, it is necessary to understand the flaws within these primary source materials prior to using them as a foundation for the social age. In historical populations they often only represent males and frequently dismiss lower classes. Therefore, when they are used to determine the social age (see childbearing in 3.2), they must be validated and placed within their own cultural context first by taking into account any bias on the part of the author. After which, they can provide a valuable resource for understanding social age and possibly provide links to chronological or biological age (see Roman bethrothal in

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