...ROYGBIV Colored Light Waves as Enhancer of the Photosynthetic Process and an Aid in Sustaining the Process without the Presence of Sunlight In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements in Science 9 Basa, Jezrelle Anne B. Butor, Christian Aris R. Dagami, Danielle Amber M. De Guia, Alyssa Eunice G. Abstract This investigation focuses on how the ROYGBIV colored cellophanes can affect the plant growth of each plant. This research paper contains the different functions of colored light waves to a plant that may help for better and healthier plant growth. The light can affect the plants by using different color of light waves. Each color has different function and uses but it depends to what color is the light will be used. As we all know, we need sunlight in order the plant to grow but in this research we can therefore conclude that plants can also grow without the presence of sunlight but instead we can use the ROYGBIV colored cellophane light waves in order the plant to grow. Also, we wanted to avoid the use of chemical fertilizers because it can affect the environmental issues and human health in a negative way. By avoiding the use of it we can attain the safety of our health and to avoid the negative effect in the plants and organisms that balance the organisms. Upon trying many colors of light waves, we have proven that the red and blue colors have the greatest impact on the plant growth, while the green light appear to be the least effective because it only gives color...
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... thermal fluctuations, and statistical physics Albert Einstein's first paper[88] submitted in 1900 to Annalen der Physik was on capillary attraction. It was published in 1901 with the title "Folgerungen aus den Kapillarität Erscheinungen," which translates as "Conclusions from the capillarity phenomena". Two papers he published in 1902–1903 (thermodynamics) attempted to interpret atomicphenomena from a statistical point of view. These papers were the foundation for the 1905 paper on Brownian motion, which showed that Brownian movement can be construed as firm evidence that molecules exist. His research in 1903 and 1904 was mainly concerned with the effect of finite atomic size on diffusion phenomena.[88] General principles He articulated the principle of relativity. This was understood by Hermann Minkowski to be a generalization of rotational invariance from space to space-time. Other principles postulated by Einstein and later vindicated are the principle of equivalence and the principle of adiabatic invariance of the quantum number. 2] Main article: History of special relativity Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" ("On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies") was received on 30 June 1905 and published 26 September of that same year. It reconciles Maxwell's equations for electricity and magnetism with the laws of mechanics, by introducing major changes to mechanics close to the speed of light. This later became known as Einstein's special theory of relativity. ...
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...Article Applied Biosafety, 11(4) pp. 228-230 © ABSA 2006 Position Paper on the Use of Ultraviolet Lights in Biological Safety Cabinets Jyl Burgener Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review information available on the use, risks and benefits of using Ultraviolet (UV) lights in Biological Safety Cabinets (BSC) and set forth a position based on the risk and benefits. Background Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of nonionizing radiation and behaves in accordance with the laws and principles of geometric optics. Electromagnetic radiation can be described as a “wave” that consists of an electric field and a magnetic field. Electromagnetic radiation is usually characterized by wavelength and frequency or photon energy. The term wavelength refers to a distance in a line of advance of a wave from any point to a like point on the next wave; it corresponds to the distance traveled by the wave during one cycle. A wavelength is usually measured in angstroms or nanometers (nm). The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has divided the UV spectrum into three wavelength bands, primarily due to biological effects. The 315-400 nm wavelength band is designated as UV-A. 280-315 nm is designated as UV-B, and 100-280 nm as UV-C. Wavelengths below 180 nm are of little practical biological significance since the atmosphere readily absorbs them. Sources of UV-A are used for dentistry and tanning, UVB is used for fade testing and photocuring...
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...and Pioneer in Atmospheric Dynamics ABSTRACT Carl Gustaf Rossby, a Swedish born mathematical physicist and later meteorologist is among the greatest contributors to modern-day meteorology. It was through his extensive research in the general circulations, that modern day weather forecasting has emerged to what it has become today. Rossby had a well-established career in the geosciences, with a broad educational background. It wasn’t until later in his life did he come to publish his greatest works. Rossby published three works in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s that involve potential vorticity, which would help establish the ground work for his most famous work on Rossby waves. The 1936 paper shows the conservation of potential vorticity in a hydrostatic, shallow fluid state, while the 1938 paper is an extension to the highly stratified hydrostatic flow, this time using isentropic coordinates. The term potential vorticity is actually never used until the 1940 paper where it is introduced. The 1939 work by Rossby is considered by some the most famous work contributed by Rossby, as he explains the semipermanent centers of action which would become the well-known Rossby waves. INTRODUCTION When people think of meteorology, the first names to appear are John Dalton, Gabriel Fahrenheit, William Ferrel, and Anders Celsius. These men are the founders of modern meteorology and made tremendous contributions...
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...mirror of known focal length * Light source/candle * Screen * Meter stick/metric ruler * Two polarized films * Prism * Laser pointer * Protractor * Graph paper * Electromagnetic spectrum chart Materials for Exploring Further: * Plane mirror * Ripple tank, with sheet of plastic or glass that fits on part of the bottom of the tank, and objects that can be used as boundaries to obstruct the pathway of waves * Wave-motion rope * Tuning-fork kit * Stroboscope * Resonance-tube kit In this lab, you will investigate the relationship between the focal lengths of a mirror and lens and the type of image that is generated. Procedure Part 1: Image from a Lens 1. Place the light source, convex lens, and screen on the optics bench as shown in figure 1. Start with the light source at a distance greater than 2ƒ from the lens. Figure 1 2. Measure the height of the light source, or "object" (ho), and record it in data table 1. Also measure and record the distance between the lens and the light source (do) in the data table. Using the lens equation and the given focal length, calculate the distance from the lens to the image (di) and the height of the image (hi): and . Record your calculations in the "Calculated" section of data table 1. 3. Keeping the light source and lens in the same position, turn on the light source and adjust the screen until a clear...
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...TECHNOLOGY • RESISITIVE TOUCHSCREEN (INC. PROS AND CON S.) • CAPACITIVE TOUCH SCREEN (INC. PROS AND CON S.) • SURFACE ACOUCTIC WAVE TOUCHSCREEN TECHNOLYGY (INC. PROS AND CONS.) • INFRARED TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLGY (INC. PROS AND CON S.) • MUTLI TOUCH TECHNOLGY ( the plural technology) • THE FUTURE OF TOUCHSCREEN TOUCHSCREEN CONSUMERS • REFERENCES ABSTRACT In today’s society, the way in which we physically interact with electronic devices is changing how we focus our technological research. This change has led to many great advances, including the development of touch screen technology. Through the use of touch screen technology, the operator is given an alternative method of how he or she can interact with a device. This technology operates in four distinct ways: Resistive systems, capacitive systems, surface acoustic wave and infrared systems. This paper will investigate, discuss, and compare these different technologies, focusing on the differences in application, aspects of sustainability, as well as the positive and negative qualities. In addition to which this paper will also include the components of touch screen and the science behind it. This paper will also throw light on history of this technology and the successful future of touch screen in coming years. Throughout the past century, technology has...
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...Development and Applications of Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called a quantum well...
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...Development and Applications of Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called...
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...TERM PAPER LASER, ACTION, EINSTEIN THEORY OF LASER, TYPES, APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY & MEDICAL FIELD SUBJECT: CURRENT, ELECTRICITY & MODERN PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE: PHY-113 SUBMITTED TO: Dr. AMRITA SAXENA SUBMITTED BY: JAGDEEP SINGH SECTION: C7802 ROLL No.:RC7802A21 REG. No.: 10804440 CONTENTS • • • • • Acknowledgement Introduction Laser action Einstein theory of laser Types of lasers 1. Based on energy level 2. Based on the material used • • • • Applications Recent discoveries Recent applications References ACKNOWLEDGEMENT For the completion of this term paper I would like to acknowledge my respected teacher Dr .AMRITA SAXENA who was always worthily helpful to help me in my queries in different aspects. I would also like acknowledge my friends who helped me a lot in the completion f this and were always there at one call. JAGDEEP SINGH INTRODUCTION The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Light is really an electromagnetic wave. Each wave has brightness and color, and vibrates at a certain angle, so-called polarization. This is also true for laser light but it is more parallel than any other light source. Every part of the beam has (almost) the exact same direction and the beam will therefore diverge very little. With a good laser an object at a distance of 1 km (0.6 mile) can be illuminated with a dot about 60 mm (2.3 inches) in radius. As it is so parallel it can also be focused to very small...
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...TERM PAPER LASER, ACTION, EINSTEIN THEORY OF LASER, TYPES, APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY & MEDICAL FIELD SUBJECT: CURRENT, ELECTRICITY & MODERN PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE: PHY-113 SUBMITTED TO: Dr. AMRITA SAXENA SUBMITTED BY: JAGDEEP SINGH SECTION: C7802 ROLL No.:RC7802A21 REG. No.: 10804440 CONTENTS • Acknowledgement • Introduction • Laser action • Einstein theory of laser • Types of lasers 1. Based on energy level 2. Based on the material used • Applications • Recent discoveries • Recent applications • References ACKNOWLEDGEMENT For the completion of this term paper I would like to acknowledge my respected teacher Dr .AMRITA SAXENA who was always worthily helpful to help me in my queries in different aspects. I would also like acknowledge my friends who helped me a lot in the completion f this and were always there at one call. JAGDEEP SINGH INTRODUCTION The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Light is really an electromagnetic wave. Each wave has brightness and color, and vibrates at a certain angle, so-called polarization. This is also true for laser light but it is more parallel than any other light source. Every part of the beam has (almost) the exact same direction and the beam will therefore diverge very little. With a good laser an object at a distance of 1 km (0.6 mile) can be illuminated with a dot about 60 mm (2.3 inches) in...
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...of gas laws (i.e. Dalton’s law) but also his work to lay the ground work for atomic theory. In the year 1800 Dalton presented a paper which was on the constitution of mixed gasses. This would lead him to develop his gas law and also affect others, such as Charles and Gay-Lussac. This research would also lead him to research atomic weights, which lead to his contribution in 1805. Dalton theorized that elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass and other properties. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. In chemical reactions, atoms are...
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...1 Jagadish Chandra Bose: The Real Inventor of Marconi’s Wireless Receiver Varun Aggarwal, Div. Of Electronics and Comm. Engg., NSIT, Delhi, India 1. Introduction The aim of the present article is to acquaint the younger generation that the real inventor of wireless was not Guglielmo Marconi (Italy), but Jagadish Chandra Bose (India). The classic paper of Dr. P. K. Bondopadhyay [1] published by the IEEE has now established this fact. The article is organised as follows. In the second section, the motivation of this article is discussed. In Section 3, the technical details of the experiment conducted by Marconi in the year 1901, where he claimed to receive trans-atlantic waves on a radio for the first time are given. Next, Section 4 discusses the controversy surrounding the experiment and provides substantial evidence that the receiving device was invented by J. C. Bose. Thereafter, in Section 5, the technical aspects of the receiving device and its working is discussed. Finally, Section 6 concludes the given report. 2. Motivation This article takes you into the past into the history of radio invention. In this section, I will like to discuss the motivation for choosing this topic. 1. The choice of this topic is apparently linked with the irritation of a student of electronics and communication engineering (studying in India) that the fact that Marconi’s wireless was actually invented by Sir J C Bose is not well-known among engineering students, academicians...
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...Nadira Farha Extra Credit Paper Dr.Adviye Tolunay 11/25/14 “Sleep” Do you ever wonder why you don’t dream when you sleep? The truth is, if you are getting proper amounts of sleep in proper time periods, and not taking medications or using alcohol or illegal substances, you are dreaming. You just don’t remember them unless they wake you. Sleep has been determined like a state optimizes the consolidation of newly acquired information in memory. It depends on the specific conditions of learning and the timing of sleep. Sleep is divided into two states: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM), which involves slow wave sleep (SWS, stage 3 and 4) and the others is lighter sleep which occurs on stage 1 and 2. First, stage 1 When we are preparing to drift off, we go though Alpha and Theta, and have periods of dreaminess, almost like daydreaming, except we are beginning to fall asleep. These are interesting states, in that we experience them throughout the day and some people may have more of these waves than others. Those who practice meditation, or deep prayerfulness, often kind of “hang out” in Alpha. It’s a restful place. During this stage, it’s not unusual to experience strange and extremely vivid sensations or a feeling of falling followed by sudden muscle contractions. These are known as hypnogogic hallucinations. You may even feel like you are hearing someone call your...
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...This research paper will cover sound. It will cover what sound is, how sound waves are created, Parts of a sound wave, Ears, Jobs, and the speed of sound. There will be pictures, equations, and illustrations to help explain the research. sound is an amazing gift from God, and it is important to know what it is. Sound is differing waves of pressure, or vibrations, made by molecules moving back and forth. There are 3 main points of sound: Quality, Amplitude, and Frequency and Pitch. Quality is how well it sounds. Amplitude will be addressed later. Frequency is how often a vibration occurs. Frequency is referred to as Hertz (HZ). Pitch is how high or low sounds are, but is not loudness, though that is a part of sound as well. Frequency and pitch go side by side. If the frequency is high, the pitch is high, if the frequency is low, the pitch is low. The volume, or loudness, of sound is measured in decibels. It is named after Alexander Graham Bell, the creator of the telephone. It was in the beginning just bels, and went from 0 bels to 13 bels, but was not precise enough, so decibels were created. Decibels are a tenth of a bel, and ranges from 0 decibels to 130 decibels. The next point of sound is how sound wave are formed, and what the parts of the sound wave are. The...
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...X-ray examinations and sonography which is also known to some as ultrasound, is essential in an everyday medical setting. Preventive medicine as well as healing medicine depends on the proper diagnosis and treatment by physicians, and the use of diagnostic imaging can help evaluate the course of a disease, as well as assess and document the disease in response to the treatment. Medical imaging has rapidly expanded from the first medical image discovered by Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. During a late night experiment in November of 1895, Roentgen, a physics professor from Germany, was examining Crookes tubes. He noticed that some light had managed to pass through a tube that he had wrapped in thin black cardboard, reflecting on the wall of his dark laboratory. Upon further investigation he found that the light could also be passed through paper, books, and eventually through human flesh. Unintentionally, he had stumbled upon a very important discovery that led to the discovery of what we now call an X-ray. One of the very first x-rays was one that Roentgen made was of his wife’s hand. The flesh of the hand looked like a shadow, and around the finger bone the wedding band was visible and solid. This was the first time that bone had been viewed through the skin. Within a few months of the discovery, x-ray machines were produced to be used in the medical field. The x-ray machine was the first tool that allowed the internal anatomy to be...
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