...gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. Frequently, atrophy of the cerebellum occurs. As with other forms of ataxia, SCA results in unsteady and clumsy motion of the body due to a failure of the fine coordination of muscle movements, along with other symptoms. The symptoms of the condition vary with the specific type (there are several), and with the individual patient. Generally, a person with ataxia retains full mental capacity but may progressively lose physical control. Treatment and prognosis There is no known cure for spinocerebellar ataxia, which is a progressive disease (it gets worse with time), although not all types cause equally severe disability. Treatments are generally limited to softening symptoms, not the disease itself. The condition can be irreversible. A person with this disease will usually end up needing to use a wheelchair, and eventually they may need assistance to perform daily tasks. The treatment of in-coordination or ataxia mostly involves the use of adaptive devices to allow the ataxia individual to maintain as much independence as possible. Such devices may include a cane, crutches, walker, or wheelchair for those with impaired gait; devices to assist with writing, feeding, and self cares if hand and arm coordination is impaired; and communication devices for those with impaired speech. Many patients with hereditary or idiopathic forms of ataxia have other symptoms in addition to...
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...strangers. Once its friendship is won, it is close to unshakable. The dog’s curiosity is insatiable—a trait which helps makes it the perfect watch dog. THE SHOW RING The Schipperke’s preferred heights are 11 to 13 inches from the highest point of the withers to the ground for dogs and 10 to 12 inches for bitches. A weight limit of 18 pounds has been suggested but is not part of the standard. The coat is jet black, and a dense undercoat raises the neck hairs in a ruff with a jabot between the front legs. The coat over the body is flatter, with a rounded rump and culottes on the rear legs, meeting between the hind legs, and being as long as the ruff hairs. Long coated Schipperkes are called “Fluffs” that is a serious fault. Long coat is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. DDC laboratories offers a DNA test for long coat. The undercoat may be grayish, brownish or black, but appears to be a black dog. Shedding time, sun burning or poor health may cause browning of the coat. No other coat is acceptable, with no white markings allowable. VetGen offers a DNA test for coat color determination in Schipperkes. The Schipperke, with a sloping topline, tailless rear, ruff, culottes and fox-like head and expression, has a unique silhouette. Disqualifications are any coat color other than solid black, drop ear or ears. BREEDING AND WHELPING Estrus in the Schipperke bitch seems to present a wide variance in age of first appearance. The first estrous cycle usually occurs when the...
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...Distinction between normal heart and an enlarged heartWhat Causes Cardiomyopathy?Cardiomyopathy can be acquired or inherited. Acquired means you develop it due to another disease, condition or factor. Inherited means your parents passed the gene for the disease on to you.Symptoms: Some people who have cardiomyopathy never have signs or symptoms. Others don't have signs or symptoms in the early stages of the disease. * Shortness of breath or trouble breathing, especially with physical exertion * Fatigue (tiredness) * Swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen and veins in the neckOther signs and symptoms may include dizziness; light-headedness; fainting during physical activity; arrhythmias(irregular heartbeats); chest pain, especially after physical exertion or heavy meals; and heart murmurs. (Heart murmurs are extra or unusual sounds heard during a heartbeat.) | | | What is CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy is diseases of the heart muscle. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue.Main Types of Cardiomyopathy:The main types of cardiomyopathy are: * Dilated cardiomyopathy * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy * Restrictive cardiomyopathy * Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia | | | CardiomyopATHY in adults | | | | | | | CardiomyopATHY in adults | Created By: LaKeycia Harper | | What do you include in a brochure? Here are a couple of...
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...INTRODUCTION Many people are blessed to have lived a long, healthy life in a world full of detrimental and deadly diseases. However, not everyone can say the last years of his or her life were even remotely close to healthy. Losing someone you love and care about to natural causes is sad enough as it is. Losing someone to a disease that progressively incapacitates your mental and physical capabilities is something entirely different. An example of such a malignant disorder is Huntington’s Disease, an inherited, degenerative brain disorder that is now diagnosed in 1 out of every 10,000 Americans. Huntington’s Disease Society of America is a voluntary, non-profit health organization dedicated to facilitate the lives of those who have inherited the disease by promoting and supporting scientific and medical research in hopes of developing a treatment or cure. The purpose of this report is to inform the community about the value and importance of the HDSA’s mission and goals and the impact it will have on the victims of this destructive brain disorder. What is Huntington’s Disease? Huntington’s Disease as defined by the Huntington’s Disease Society of America is “a devastating, hereditary, degenerative brain disorder…[that] slowly diminishes the affected individual's ability to walk, talk and reason.” Essentially, the victim loses capability of all motor skills and causes involuntary muscle movements, leaving them fully dependent of another person. Involuntary muscle movements...
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...egg endometrium estrogen extraembryonic membrane fallopian tubes follicle follicular phase gamete germ cell gonad human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infertility lactation luteal phase menopause menstruation oocyte ovaian cycle ovary ovulation penis placenta progesterone prostate gland semen (seminal fluid) seminal vesicles seminiferous tubules sperm testes testosterone uterine cycle uterus vagina vas deferens yolk 1. Ovulation and fertility: a. What is the relationship between ovulation and fertility? b. When is a woman most likely to become pregnant? 2. List the stages of embryonic and fetal development from conception through the first trimester of pregnancy. 3. Birth defects: a. What is the difference between “acquired birth defects” and inherited disorders? b. List some ways to help prevent can birth defects? 4. Sex determination in the embryo: a. How is the gender of a child determined at conception? b. How is the gender actually manifested in the growing fetus? c. What happens if the SRY gene is mutated or absent in the developing male embryo? d. What happens if the SRY...
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...Parkinson’s Disease The genetic disorder I chose as my final project is Parkinson’s disease. I chose this topic because I have had numerous patients with Parkinson’s disease and I wanted to learn more about it. Before my research, I didn’t know much about the genetic structures or processes that are involved with Parkinson’s, I just knew the symptoms my patients exhibited, some of which included: uncontrollable tremors, slow motor decline where the patient became unable to feed/dress/take care of self, and mental decline with dementia/hallucinations (www.pdf.org, 2014, para: symptoms). In my experience, it is a hard disease to control later in life because it tends to be a slow progressing disease, which tends to leave the patient completely...
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...due | | Learner name | | Assessor | | Learning Aim C: Explore the factors that affect human health Assessment criteria met by this assignment: Awarded | Criteria | Descriptor | | 1C.7 | List the different biological, social and inherited factors that affect human health | | 2C.P7 | Describe how pathogens affect human health | | 2C.M5 | Explain how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics | | 1C.8 | Identify measures that can be taken to prevent and treat infectious disease | | 2C.P8 | Describe two different treatment regimes: one used to prevent a disease and one used to treat a disease | | 2C.M6 | Explain the use of pedigree analysis | | IC.9 | List some benefits of exercise on health | | 2C.P9 | Describe how lifestyle choices can affect human health | | 2C.M7 | Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination programmes | | 2C.D4 | Evaluate the use of antibiotics, pedigree analysis and vaccination programmes in the treatment and prevention of childhood illnesses* | Scenario You are a Practice Nurse at West Middlesex Hospital in Isleworth. Following government health campaigns, the medical centre doctors want you to provide information to give to patients about the causes, symptoms and treatment of diseases, as well as guidance to help prevent illnesses. You will be preparing a leaflet to be displayed in the waiting room with basic information, as well as running a series of new parent classes to raise awareness...
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...due | | Learner name | | Assessor | | Learning Aim C: Explore the factors that affect human health Assessment criteria met by this assignment: Awarded | Criteria | Descriptor | | 1C.7 | List the different biological, social and inherited factors that affect human health | | 2C.P7 | Describe how pathogens affect human health | | 2C.M5 | Explain how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics | | 1C.8 | Identify measures that can be taken to prevent and treat infectious disease | | 2C.P8 | Describe two different treatment regimes: one used to prevent a disease and one used to treat a disease | | 2C.M6 | Explain the use of pedigree analysis | | IC.9 | List some benefits of exercise on health | | 2C.P9 | Describe how lifestyle choices can affect human health | | 2C.M7 | Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination programmes | | 2C.D4 | Evaluate the use of antibiotics, pedigree analysis and vaccination programmes in the treatment and prevention of childhood illnesses* | Scenario You are a Practice Nurse at West Middlesex Hospital in Isleworth. Following government health campaigns, the medical centre doctors want you to provide information to give to patients about the causes, symptoms and treatment of diseases, as well as guidance to help prevent illnesses. You will be preparing a leaflet to be displayed in the waiting room with basic information, as well as running a series of new parent classes to raise awareness...
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...Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors.[1][2] Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors. Behavior Behavior or behaviour is the range of actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment. It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. Branches of phychology 1. Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior. The term covers a broad range of disorders, from depression to obsession-compulsion to sexual deviation and many more. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often...
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...caught early, it is curable, but if caught late, it is deadly. That is why in developing countries, 87% of children worldwide with this genetic disorder will die. For developed countries, 97 % survive but will have moderate to severe visual impairment. Before enucleation was known to help retinoblastoma, it was incurable. It was considered incurable and death always occurred because inheritance patterns had not been established, leading back to more deaths. But in all actuality, the survival rate will drop with every decade of life when the patients have the genomic mutation. The genomic mutation is a gene mutation within every cell of the individual’s body. Those patients with that type of cancer have either bilateral disease or unilateral-multifocal disease. Those individuals have a predisposition for developing second cancers later in life. Retinoblastoma accounts for 3 % of cancer in children under the age of 15. (Cotton, Gartman, Ryan, 2) Retinoblastoma would fit into the category of a single gene defect. It is very sporadic and...
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...Alcoholism: Choice or Disease Mitzy Morgan Drug Abuse Soc2133 J.Kirk September 28,2011 Imagine yourself being 11 years old. You and your next-door neighbor just finished eating dinner, and now playing cards in front of the television. A few hours pass and your mother tells you that its bedtime. After being asleep for a couple of hours, you hear your father come inside your house. This was not unusual; he always comes home late at night. You hear your parents yell at each other and then you hear an awful sound. Did your father just hit your mother only because his dinner was cold, and he was late? You ask yourself why, why is he like this? He is like this because he is an alcoholic and cannot control his temper when he has been drinking. The next day you promise your mom and yourself that when you grow up you were never going to become an alcoholic. You see what your father’s alcoholism has done to your family and yourself and would never want that to happen to your family when you become an adult. Twenty years later, you too become an alcoholic. Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to grow up to be an alcoholic than any other children, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. One in five adult Americans lived with an alcoholic while growing up. (AACAP) Studies have shown that even twins separated at birth and living in two very different environments still...
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...instability is generally referred to as the aberrant increase in the rate of alterations in the genes and chromosomes (Morgan, 2007). Genetic instability can be broadly classified into two groups: chromosomal and nucleotide instability. Hence, this essay will briefly cover the causes and the associated disease of the two groups. There are possibilities of having faults in DNA due to chemical or environmental effects, so cells have diverse mechanisms...
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...Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as “brittle bone disease” is an infantile congenital disease caused by defects in Type 1 collagen biosynthesis. Unfortunately, infants with osteogenesis imperfecta have a poor prognosis because their bones are unable to mature properly. According to the national human genome research institute, osteogenesis imperfecta can vary from infant to infant. Furthermore, the national human genome states that OI occurs in “approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals.” (National human genome). Interestingly the national human genome also states that this disease occurs equally in females and males, but more commonly found in infants with an African American ethnic background. Types of OI The pathogenesis...
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...Causes and risk factors, including environmental risks * According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “There are a few known risk factors for childhood leukemia” (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA (the substance that makes up our genes)” (American Cancer Society, 2013). The genetic risk factor is what we get from our parents that is most of the time inherited (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Most cases of leukemia are not linked to any known genetic causes” (American Cancer Society, 2013). * Other risk factors of leukemia would be “inherited disorders, this can increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia” (American Cancer Society, 2013). Here is a listed of syndromes: “Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Klinefelter syndrome, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome” (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Certain inherited diseases cause children to be born with immune system problems” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “These include: Ataxia telangiectasia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and Bloom syndrome” (American Cancer Society, 2013). * According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Lifestyle-related risk factors are important in many adult cancers, but they are unlikely to play a role...
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...Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also referred to as COPD is the name that identifies a group of lung diseases. These diseases consist of bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory asthma. An individual can have COPD for years and not know it. When the disease is in the early stages the symptoms are not completely mature and are barely discernible. As the disease matures and progresses the symptoms become more noticeable. Although millions of individuals are living with COPD, this disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States; and smoking, second-hand smoke, air pollutants, occupational dust, chemicals, and genetics are factors that can cause the disease for which there is no cure; however numerous treatments are available to help live an active and healthy life (COPD Foundation, 2010). Many people who have COPD are undiagnosed with the disease. Undiagnosis could derive from several reasons, which may include no health insurance, afraid to seek medical attention, or belief that the symptoms are of another illness such as a cold that will not go away. However, most cases of COPD are undiagnosed because of a lack of education concerning the disease. Many communities and employers fail to educate the public concerning diseases like COPD.I was surprised to find that the Dobbins...
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