...In 1976, an idea that would eventually become a worldwide cultural phenomenon was conceived. Interestingly, the term “meme” was coined by British biologist Richard Dawkins before the invention of the internet, and was defined as “ideas that guide human behavior.” The word was derived from the greek mimema (that which is imitated) which Dawkins shortened to rhyme with the word gene (Mondschein). Initially, it was used in evolutionary biology to compare the passing of genes onto next generations to the passing of memes-- cultural and social behaviors-- onto the next generation (Schrempp). However, today, memes come to represent a more nuanced idea that resonates deeply with younger, especially teenage, generations. Now, memes are more commonly...
Words: 1375 - Pages: 6
...iNTEGRATIVE Perpetual evolution: A dynamic integrative approach to developing praxis in counselling psychology Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Theory Building in Counselling Psychology 2 The Impulse Toward Eclecticism 4 My Bohartian History 6 Adlerian Psychotherapy as Structured Eclecticism 10 My Adlerian Roots 11 Beyond Adler: Robertsonian Meme Therapy 13 The Nature of Self 13 The Potential for Using Memes in Counselling 15 A Use of Meme Theory in Counselling a Suicidal Youth 17 Holistic, Dynamic and Integrative: Looking Forward in Our Profession 21 Summarizing the Foundational Principles of My Practice 21 Revisiting Holism 23 Future directions 25 Footnotes 27 Theory Building in Counselling Psychology An early text lamented, “A good theory is clear, comprehensive, explicit, parsimonious, and useful. We appear to have a paucity of good theories in psychology” (Stefflre & Matheny, 1968). Lent attempted to reduce this paucity by formulating his own theory: Wellness is intended to capture the notion of health as a dynamic state or process rather than a static endpoint; psychosocial wellness acknowledges the importance of both intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. The multiple aspects of wellness would include a) self-perceived (domain and/or global) satisfaction (hedonic well-being), b) domain/role satisfactoriness, c) presence of prosocial versus antisocial behavior, and d) low levels of psychologistical...
Words: 7788 - Pages: 32
...and Takeovers: A Memetic Approach. Motivation & reason for the paper and how it fits into the overall context of the literature: In the following paper the authors describe a new understanding of the motive phenomena for manager’s initiating M&As. Previous research strongly agrees with the stance that M&As are not a financially sound investment for companies, however, it seems that managers are willing to continue to practice M&As regardless of the negative long-term effect it will have on both the acquiring and target company. This goes against the theoretical view that managers are there to increase the value of shareholders. If managers understand this, their human behaviour to continue with M&As is irrational and can’t be explained by some mathematical model. Vos and Kelleher agree that the traditional theories and models of finance are irrelevant in describing managerial motives (particularly towards M&As), as it is the human behaviour that we must study. Their thesis is that managers are not acting so as to maximise shareholder wealth (agrees with agency theory) and their primary motivation behind M&As is to gain power. The data and methodology used by the paper: This diagnostic paper provides a literature review of previous research and then looks forward by applying behavioural ideas of ‘memetics’ to explain the motivation behind managers’ actions. The results of the paper and meaning of the results, in your own words: Findings reveal that...
Words: 472 - Pages: 2
...one that exists in a set of relations with others. Finding what leadership potential you have is not something you do in isolation or on a training course. While the 20th century provided a huge richness of writings on leadership, leadership development in organizations focused on the individual as leader and this has created a gap between theory and practice. As John Gardner wrote: 'We have barely scratched the surface in our effort towards leadership development. In the mid 21st century, people will look back on our present practices as primitive' (Gardner, 1995). Yet, within the mass of writings there were some jewels. One of the most profound writings of the 20th century on leadership came from Mary Parker Follett, who in a series of papers written for business education during the late 1930s set views of leadership that were to influence others. She began by...
Words: 5822 - Pages: 24
...Cerna, Centre d’économie industrielle Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris 60, boulevard Saint Michel 75272 Paris Cedex 06 – France Tél. : 33 (1) 40 51 90 71 – Fax : 33 (1) 44 07 10 46 giraud@cerna.ensmp.fr – http://www.cerna.ensmp.fr Mondialisation et dynamique des inégalités Pierre-Noël Giraud Communication au colloque annuel de l’Association Française de Sciences Politiques Septembre 2002, Lille Mondialisation et dynamique des inégalités P.N. Giraud Cerna 2 Résumé Le débat sur les inégalités et sur le rapport entre mondialisation et inégalités s’amplifie régulièrement avec la montée en puissance des mouvements « anti-mondialisation libérale ». L’article présente les faits tels qu’ils sont établis par les études récentes, et résume les termes principaux du débat. Le débat sur les inégalités et sur le rapport entre mondialisation et inégalités, encore confidentiel au milieu des années 90, s’amplifie régulièrement depuis. Qu’entend-on par inégalités et peuton les mesurer de manière rigoureuse ? Les inégalités économiques sont-elles croissantes ? La mondialisation est-elle coupable de l’accroissement de certaines inégalités ? Lesquelles et par quels mécanismes ? Ou bien sont-ce les technologies de l’information ? Ou encore les modifications de l’organisation des entreprises et des marchés du travail ? Existe-t-il un lien entre inégalités et croissance ? L’inégalité, en particulier dans le Tiers Monde, entrave-t-elle le rattrapage et faut-il donc...
Words: 4891 - Pages: 20
...UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER ULSTER BUSINESS SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF MARKETING, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STRATEGY ROOM 1B11A JORDANSTOWN COURSEWORK SUBMISSION SHEET COMPLETE IN FULL AND ATTACH TO THE FRONT OF EACH ITEM OF ASSESSMENT Student Name: Michaela McAteer Student No: B00468617 Course Title: B.Sc (Hons) Marketing Module Code/Title: MKT506 (52142) Lecturer: Dr Sharon Ponsonby McCabe Date Due: 29/11/2012 (NB: Latest hand-in time is 12noon on the due date unless otherwise advised) Submitted work is subject to the following assessment policies: 1 Coursework must be submitted by dates as specified by the Course Committee. 2 Students may seek prior consent from the Course Director to submit coursework after the official deadline; such requests must be accompanied by a satisfactory explanation, and in the case of illness by a medical certificate. 3 Coursework submitted without consent after the deadline will not normally be accepted and will therefore receive a mark of zero. |I declare that this is all my own work and does not contain unreferenced material copied from any other source. If it is shown that | |material has been plagiarised, or I have otherwise attempted to obtain an unfair advantage for myself or others, I understand that I may | |face sanctions in accordance with penalties as determined by the University. A mark of zero may be awarded and the reason for that mark | |will be recorded on my file. ...
Words: 2555 - Pages: 11
... The article on Teaching Tolerance titled What is the Alt-Right and written by Cory Collins defines the term as “an umbrella term encompassing right-wing ideals at odds with establishment, conservatism, and multicultural society” (Collins). This boils down to that the Alt. Right hates any race other than Caucasians and believes that they are superior to other races. The articles main goal is to inform the reader of the Alt. Right, their extreme beliefs, how it attracts people, and how to combat the ideas of the Alt. Right. Collins does a good job of informing the reader which is a very good thing as that seems to be its main purpose but, it also seems to polarize any white teenage conservative boy who uses the internet to just look at memes and have fun. The article has its pros which are very solid but also its cons which are extremely weak and leave holes that can be exploited by someone who could pick apart the article. Collins starts off the article with a real account of what a boy in high school feels as see his classmates acting in an Alt. Right manner. The boy states that “I’m genuinely scared that it’s going to spread to the point where I won’t have anyone I can talk to like a normal human being” (Collins). This final sentence that the boy says connects with the readers and instantly gets them involved in what is to come. It shows fear in the boy and genuine concern which transfers over to the reader as they read the quote. After Collins draws the reader in he masterfully...
Words: 1310 - Pages: 6
...On average, Yellowstone Nation park sees a little less than one million people a year, with people visiting in the spring, summer, fall and winter. Billions of photographs are taken here, including traditional landscape photos, wedding photos, and even selfies. Within regulation, drone photography is even possible, allowing people to see the park from a whole new perspective. This mass accumulation of photos creates a new perspective of the national park, and preservers the memory for the rest of existence. However, the mass growth of this nature “repository” leaves many memories forgotten, and images often get buried under piles and piles of cute dog photos and implicit memes. While memes were not an issue back in the 1940’s, the rapid expansion...
Words: 1817 - Pages: 8
...From 2020 to 2024 the number of mass shootings has gone up 8%. Within one year there have been more than 630 mass killings, meaning on average almost two shootings happen daily. Medical professionals have found many reasons for the start of mass killings. Though many believe these factors are myths, due to research it has been shown that bullying, social media, and mental illness are the main potential causes of mass killings. Over many years of research, bullying is one of the top reasons behind mass killings. Medical professionals state that most killers have one thing in common, they are most often seen as stress, depression, or frustration for years. It is also seen as bullying or harassment and being ignored within a school or a place...
Words: 944 - Pages: 4
...TABLE DES MATIERES Introduction I. Définition, historique et positionnement a. Le marketing viral : définition b. Un bref historique c. La situation du marketing viral vis-à-vis des autres types de campagne marketing sur Internet II. Les idées virus et leur importance aujourd’hui a. Définition et traits communs b. La différence entre une idée virus et le bouche-à-oreille c. Pourquoi le marketing viral a-t-il du sens aujourd’hui ? d. Le déclin du marketing traditionnel et la fin des jeux à somme nulle III. Le lancement de l campagne virale et la diffusion de l’idée virus a. L’acteur principal Le contaminateur erratique Le contaminateur efficace Les hubs réseaux b. La diffusion de l’idée virus lors de la campagne Les avantages du bouche-à-oreille Quelques principes de bonne gestion du bouche-à-oreille c. L’impact des réseaux sociaux sur l’efficacité de la diffusion IV. Le futur du marketing viral Résumé Conclusion Bibliographie Introduction À l’heure du web 2.0 et dans un contexte de mondialisation croissant, la concurrence inter-entreprise est rude. Face à une économie bouleversée, les comportements des consommateurs ne cessent d’évoluer, c’est pourquoi il faut savoir capter avec attention les nouvelles tendances du marché. Afin de se différencier, les entreprises cherchent à communiquer massivement auprès de leurs cibles. Néanmoins, les discours publicitaires détenus par les médias traditionnels...
Words: 8573 - Pages: 35
...La guerre AUX drogueS R ap p o Rt d e la Commis s ion M O N D I A l e POUR la politique deS dRogues Juin 2011 (version française publiée en septembre 2011) r a PP o r t de L a c o mmiS S io n MO N DIALe PO u r La P oLitiq u e de S dr o gu eS Pour en apprendre davantage sur la commission, rendez-vous sur le site www.globalcommissionondrugs.org ou communiquez avec nous par email à l’adresse : declaration@globalcommissionondrugs.org L e S m e m br e S d e L a c o mmi S S io n : Asma Jahangir, militante des droits de l’homme, ancien rapporteur spécial des nations unies sur les exécutions extrajudiciaires, sommaires ou arbitraires, Pakistan Carlos Fuentes, écrivain et intellectuel, mexique César Gaviria, ancien président de la colombie Ernesto Zedillo, ancien président du mexique Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ancien président du brésil (président de la commission) George Papandreou, premier ministre de la grèce George P. Shultz, ancien secrétaire d’État, États-unis (président honoraire) Javier Solana, ancien Haut représentant de l’union européenne pour la politique étrangère et la politique de sécurité commune, espagne John Whitehead, banquier et fonctionnaire, président de la World trade center memorial Foundation, États-unis Kofi Annan, ancien Secrétaire général des nations unies, ghana Louise Arbour, ancienne Haut commissaire des Nations unies au Haut commissariat aux droits de l’homme, présidente de l’international crisis group, canada Maria Cattaui, membre du conseil...
Words: 12632 - Pages: 51
...MSR New England Social Media Research Amelia Abreu, Andres Monroy Hernandez, and Omar Wasow 7 September 2010 Each speaker will give a 12 minute presentation of their work and then there will be an open discussion. #1: Amelia Abreu, University of Washington 'Tag!: How games and memes create social infrastructure online' This paper examines 'tag' games played on YouTube. We employ case study methodology to track and compare games across several user communities, analyzing content and discourse in structure, representation of identity, use of the system, and genre development. Examining individual and group dynamics in play, we extract models for their transmission and formation. Framing tag games as contemporary folklore, we examine how video sharing technology has become subject of folklore as well as an a vehicle for it. As the research suggests, games studied exhibit not only play in sharing and showing details, but in organizing and structuring ideas and identities, thus revealing a complex informal information infrastructure. In conclusion, we consider how this infrastructural model compares to formal systems of indexing. #2: Andres Monroy-Hernandez, MIT Media Lab 'Copyrights and copycats: understanding young people's remixing practices' Digital technologies have made it easier for people, youth in particular, to copy and reuse other people's songs, pictures, code and other forms of digital creations. Through the analysis of remixing, or content reuse, we present...
Words: 928 - Pages: 4
...Going “gluten-free” is a very popular mantra lately. No differently than dietary fads of the past, the phrase “gluten free” commonly appears in health magazines, cooking shows and on the shelves in our supermarkets. However, the difference between the present gluten free dietary craze and the fad diets of the past is that losing weight is not the end goal, instead, preventing and warding off disease and illness is. Perhaps for this reason going gluten free has gained global popularity and unparalleled support from the medical community. There are a number of unhealthy side effects that come from consuming gluten that most of us consume in the form of wheat. While research on the issue is still inconclusive we know there is something in the wheat plant that is making many of us sick. This research paper was created to examine how gluten and the wheat grain are affecting humans, the potential causes of the sudden manifestation of gluten related disorders, and what, if anything, can be done to prevent gluten related ailments. By way of background, gluten is the main structural protein found in wheat and other grains such as rye, barley, and oats. Wheat is the most commonly consumed gluten containing grain as it makes up approximately seventy-five percent (75%) of all calories consumed from carbohydrates in the American diet. The gluten proteins found in wheat is what gives dough its elasticity and the ability to rise when combined with yeast. Traditional breads, baked goods, pasta...
Words: 2235 - Pages: 9
...nous avons pu travailler sur les deux. La thématique de ce mémoire de recherche permet de voir non seulement ce que les entreprises ont déjà pu faire en terme de marketing et de réseaux sociaux, mais également les opportunités et les menaces que les réseaux sociaux représentent pour les entreprises. Abstract : We chose to make our memory of search on the topic of social networks, their evolution and their uses. In order not only do you define what social networks, we decided to combine this theme with marketing. We are both present on social networks, we grew up with and live with everyday. We also want to work in marketing after ours studies, so it was almost logical to focus our research paper on marketing. And thanks to our problem, we could work on both. The theme of this research paper you can see not only what companies have already been done before in terms of marketing and social networks, but also the opportunities and threats that social networks are for the companies. Mots-clefs : Réseau social, média social, réseau social offline, réseau social on-line, Facebook, Twitter, Web 2.0, Youtube, Dailymotion, mobinaute....
Words: 17647 - Pages: 71
...Blaine Morrow, Kathryn Hershey, Joe Byers, Nicole Ellefson, Susan Porter, Rick Banghart, Andrew Henry, and Nancy Hewat. Although we cannot identify the names of the schools that participated in this study, we want to thank all the teachers and administrators in these 19 schools. Without their cooperation and support, this study would not have been possible. We would also like to thank Dr. Maenette K. P. Benham and the four anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Ann Krause, Punya, Mishra, Matthew Koehler, and Gary Cziko offered very helpful comments and suggestions. 1 Abstract Why isn't technology used more in schools? Many researchers have been searching for solutions to this persistent puzzle. In this paper, we extend existing research on technology integration and diffusion of innovations by investigating relationships among the long list of factors that have already been identified to be related to school technology uses. In particular, we use the metaphor of an ecosystem to theoretically integrate and organize sets of factors that affect implementation of computer technology. We also hope that this metaphor will help us better understand other educational innovations. We conducted a study of technology uses in 19 schools in four districts. Findings of this...
Words: 17667 - Pages: 71
