...| THERMIT WELDING | RESISTANCE WELDING | FRICTION WELDING | PRINCIPLE OPERATION | * the heat is produces by highly exothermic reactions between metal oxides and a metal reducing agent * is used in this process to melt the metal. After the metal is in a liquid state, it is poured between the two workpieces to form the joint | * Apply force and current through electrodes contacted metal parts to be welded; and resistance heat is generated at the interface of metal parts and makes a nugget, resulting in melt joint * the coalescence of metals is the result of the heat obtained from resistance offered by the work piece to the flow of electrical current | * is the solid state welding process which produces coalescence of material by the heat obtained from a mechanically induced sliding motion between the rubbing surfaces of two cylindrical work pieces under pressure. | APPLICATIONS | * for butt welding pipes end to end * for welding broken frames of machines * replacing broken pieces or large gears | * is used for joining vehicle body part * for joining wire end * pipes of gas oil & water pipeline | * used in shipbuilding industries * Widely being used in shipbuilding industry to join sheet and plate material. * Used with thermoplastics. | 1)The difference between thermit welding, resistance, & friction welding 2)Comparison between Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) & Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) Isostatic pressing is a powder processing...
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...Adam Lerman Date: May 11 Ghrelin promotes the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in infracted cardiac microenvironment Reference: Meijuan Gao, Jin Yang, Guoqiang Liu, Rui Wei, Lin Zhang, Haining Wang, Guang Wang, Hongwei Gao, Guian Chen, Tianpei Hong, Ghrelin promotes the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in infarcted cardiac microenvironment, Peptides, Volume 34, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 373-379, ISSN 0196-9781, 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.02.006. Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESC’s) are derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst of embryos, which are used for in vitro fertilization and embryonic donations. hES cells are used because of their self renewing ability and their pluripotency to differentiate into germ layers. hESC’s are used for regeneration of and organ regeneration of tissues, like for myocardial regeneration to treat irreversible heart injuries. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor to promote the release of growth hormone. It is unclear is hESC’s can induce myocardial generation by ghrelin after in vivo engraftment into the myocardium. What was done: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that were eight weeks old were used. The hESC’s were cultured on y-irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers. The rats were induced with myocardial infarction (MI) by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). They used one...
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...Environment I Overview of International Marketing Environment II The Microenvironment III The Macroenvironment IV Cultural dynamics in assessing global market 2 I Overview of international marketing environment 1. What’s international marketing environment? Ø The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. § including controlable factors and uncontrolable factors § Affecting positively or negatively, ü What is difference between business environment and marketing environment? ü What is difference between marketing environment and international marketing environment? Ø The marketing environment consists of a microenvironment 3 and a macroenvironment 1 27/04/2015 2. Clasification International marketing Env. External environment Organization’s ability to control Internal environment macroenvironment Level of affection microenvironment International environment National environment Nation’s border in which Organization operates 4 II The Microenvironment 1. Definition • The actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers- the company; suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets,competitors, and publics. 2. The microenvironment actors 5 II- Microenvironment Actors Marketing must consider other parts of the organization including...
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...Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that cultural values are enacted through nonverbal behavior Central Idea: That the macroenvironment of culture is reflected in the microenvironment, specifically that the behaviors of spatial cues, eye contact, and verbal behavior reflect the co-cultural values of the dominant U.S. culture and women. Introduction: I. Attention-gaining opening: Keiko and Sarah II. Definition: Samovar and Porter III. General focus: different world views, beliefs and values IV. Review Thesis: There is a connection between culture, gender and nonverbal behaviors Transition: First let me explain how our cultural values are enacted through our communicative behaviors Body: I. The microenvironment is reflected in the microenvironment. A. The microenvironment is our culture 1. One primary value in America is independence a. sense of self comes from ourselves b. we learn through family, institutions, proverbs: "you've made your bed, now sleep" 2. A primary value for Japan is interdependency a. sense of self comes from the group b. proverbs: "The nail which sticks up gets hit" and "When there are three people present there will be a great idea." 3. A secondary value both Americans and Japanese have is education, but value it differently B. The microenvironment is the communication situation Transition: It is this interplay of values that determines the behaviors. The behaviors are enacted by how the values fit together. This is seen...
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...© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter Outline • • • • • • • • • The Company’s Microenvironment The Company’s Macroenvironment Demographic Environment Economic Environment Natural Environment Technological Environment Political and Social Environment Cultural Environment Responding to the Marketing Environment 3- 2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Marketing environment The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. • Studying the marketing environment allows marketers to take advantage of opportunities and combat threats • Marketing intelligence and research are used to collect information about the environment 3-3 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3- 3 Actors in the Microenvironment • The actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers—the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors, and publics 3- 4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Microenvironment- (1) The Company Top Management Finance R&D Purchasing Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Operations Accounting 3- 5 Microenvironment - (1) The Company • Other company groups within the company must be considered when designing marketing plans (work...
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...environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers.Three levels of the environmment are: Micro (internal) environment - ma forces within the company that affect its ability to serve its customers. Meso environment – the industry in which a company operates and the industry’s market(s). Macro (national) environment - larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 Micro-Environment (internal environment) * 2 Macro-Environment (external environment) * 3 Meso-Environment * 4 References * 5 External Resources | ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Micro-Environment (internal environment) The microenvironment refers to the forces that are close to the company and affect its ability to serve its customers. It includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors, and publics. The company aspect of microenvironment refers to the internal environment of the company. This includes all departments, such as management, finance, research and development, purchasing,operations and accounting. Each of these departments has an impact on marketing decisions. For example, research and development have input as to the features a product can perform and accounting approves the...
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...Describe the elements of a company’s marketing environment and why marketers play a critical role in tracking environmental trends and spotting opportunities. The marketing environment surrounds and impacts upon the organization. There are three key elements to the marketing environment which are the internal environment, the microenvironment and the macroenvironment .Marketers build both internal and external relationships. Marketers aim to deliver value to satisfied customers, so we need to assess and evaluate our internal business/corporate environment and our external environment which is subdivided into micro and macro. The internal environment refers to the company and its existing products, marketing strategies. It also includes the strengths of the company with regard to manufacturing abilities, distribution capacities, and marketing abilities. Internal resources should also be considered while formulating a marketing strategy .Every manager in an organization observes the outside environment with disciplined methods marketing research and marketing intelligence for collecting information about the marketing environment. They also spend more time in customer and competitor environments. By carefully studying the environment, marketers can adapt their strategies to meet new marketplace challenges and opportunities. Example of how the internal environment would impact a company such as Walmart. We are looking at the immediate local influences which might include its...
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...influenced by biogeochemical cycling, and also by their immediate physical environment. This includes soil, water, deep marine environment, plant, or animal host. The Microenvironment and niche: A microenvironment is the specific physical location of a microorganism. It is a very small, specific area, distinguished from its immediate surroundings. These factors include the amount out light exposure, the degree of moisture, and the range of temperatures. An example: The side of a tree that is shaded from sunlight is a microenvironment that typically supports a somewhat different community of organisms than is found on the side that receives regular light. Niche: A niche is a way of life of a species. Each species has a separate, unique niche. In the microenvironment, the flux of required electron donors and acceptors, and nutrients to the actual location of the microorganism can be limited, but at the same time, waste products may not be able to diffuse away from the microorganism at rates sufficient to avoid growth inhibition by high waste product concentration. These fluxes and gradients create a unique niche. A unique niche includes the microorganism, its physical habitat, the time of resource use, and the resources available for microbial growth and function. Microorganisms can create their own microenvironments and niches. Example: Microorganisms in the interior of a colony have markedly diff microorganisms and niches than those of the same microbial population located on...
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...strategies – as it provides opportunities and threats. In doing this companies must be proactive, It is pointless to conduct environmental scanning unless marketing strategies are changed to fit with the environment. A company’s marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. 1 5/3/2014 Components of the Marketing Environment Macro-environment Micro-environment Macroenvironment: Demographic Changing age structure of the population Changing family structure The larger societal forces The forces close to the that affect the whole company that affect its ability to serve its customers: microenvironment: Political Company Economic Competitors Demographic Suppliers Cultural Marketing Intermediaries Technological Customers Natural Publics Increasing diversity Better-educated, more white-collar, more professional population Geographic shifts in population Macroenvironment: Demographic Demography: The study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation and other statistics. Macroenvironment: Demographic Changing Age Structure of the Population Age Group: Baby Boomers Born between 1946 and 1964, people born post– World War II. 1/5 of Australian population. Cherish youth, convenience and individuality. Individualism has led to a personalised economy. Changing Age Structure of...
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...Assignment 1: Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids Question 1 (20 marks) Identify four actors in the microenvironment that affect the introduction and sale of the Toyota Prius and explain the role each of these actors played in Toyota’s strategy. A company’s microenvironment consists of the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers. It is made up of the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, consumer markets, competitors and publics. The following are four actors that affect the introduction and sale of the Toyota Prius: Customers: Customers are the most important actors in the company’s microenvironment. Without customers, there would be no company. Toyota studied the consumer market and came up with a successful target market strategy. Their targeting strategy was one of the main reasons for the Prius’ success. In the beginning, Toyota focused on the early adapters and innovators who were most likely techies. Which, as it turned out, was completely right. Techies were attracted to the advance technology and were even able to modify the computer systems. Also, the tech savvy customers tend to be environmentally conscience, which the Prius is known for. The second generation Prius was redesigned to have a broadened market focus. It had improved performance, power increase, new sleek design, and seven colors. It also featured a roomy interior, leg room, and storage space. It also included features found in luxury cards such as...
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...distribution channels Promotion in terms of advertising, marketing etc. Marketing Strategies in the next 12 months of existing brand of a certain product Classify consumer products in terms of the four categories known as convenience consumer product, shopping consumer product, specialty consumer product and unsought consumer product. Market Segmentation in terms of age group Microenvironment and macroenvironment Marketing Plan Executive Summary Background and Mission Statement Situational Analysis SWOT Objectives Target Market Selection Brand Positioning Strategic Marketing Mix which consists of the 4Ps Product that has three levels of product Price Place in terms of distribution channels Promotion in terms of advertising, marketing etc. Marketing Strategies in the next 12 months of existing brand of a certain product Classify consumer products in terms of the four categories known as convenience consumer product, shopping consumer product, specialty consumer product and unsought consumer product. Market Segmentation in terms of age group Microenvironment and macroenvironment Marketing Plan Executive Summary Background and Mission Statement Situational Analysis SWOT Objectives Target Market Selection Brand Positioning Strategic Marketing Mix which consists of the 4Ps Product that has three levels of product Price Place in terms of distribution channels Promotion in terms of advertising, marketing etc. Marketing...
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...THE MARKETING ENVIORNMENT CHAPTER RESPONSE:- The chapter starts with the narration of McDonald's history. It also explains about the hurdles they faced during their journey and how they overcome it. When we take this chapter" The Marketing Environment" this article gives a clear picture about the various marketing strategy needs at different stages of the company life. The marketing environment is made up of microenvironment and microenvironment. I. Micro environment: The parts are close to the company and their ability affects the company to serve the customers. They are, the company, Suppliers, Marketing Intermediaries, Customers, Competitors and Publics 1. The company: This is the most important and vital one, who are responsible for coordination with other departments and also create the marketing plan 2. Suppliers: They provide resources to the company and produce goods and services and play a key role in overall customer value delivery system. 3. Marketing Intermediaries: They help companies to promote and do the marketing jobs to the final buyers. 4. Customers: The group where the final finished goods and services reach. 5. Competitors: A group of people keep selling the same product as the company do and the company has to make a plan to differentiate from their competitors. 6. Publics: It's a group that has a potential interest on organization to achieve its goals. II. Macro environment: The parts operate in a larger macro environment that create both opportunity...
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...The marketing environment surrounds and impacts upon the organization. There are three key elements to the marketing environment which are the internal environment, the microenvironment and the macroenvironment. Marketers build both internal and external relationships. Marketers aim to deliver value to satisfied customers, so we need to assess and evaluate our internal business/corporate environment and our external environment which is subdivided into micro and macro.Every manager in an organization observes the outside environment with disciplined methods—marketing research and marketing intelligence—for collecting information about the marketing environment. They also spend more time in customer and competitor environments. By carefully studying the environment, marketers can adapt their strategies to meet new marketplace challenges and opportunities. The microenvironment consists of the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers—the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors, and publics. The macroenvironment consists of the larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment—demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces. Marketing research uncovers opportunities for marketers to get their messages across in the extreme changing promotional environment. Over time, the marketing mix must be altered because of changes in the environment in which consumers and businesses exist...
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... Market environment The market environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers.Three levels of the environmment are: Micro (internal) environment - small forces within the company that affect its ability to serve its customers. Meso environment – the industry in which a company operates and the industry’s market(s). Macro (national) environment - larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 Micro-Environment (internal environment) * 2 Macro-Environment (external environment) * 3 Meso-Environment * 4 References * 5 External Resource Micro-Environment (internal environment) The micro environment refers to the forces that are close to the company and affect its ability to serve its customers. It includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets and publics. A firm's microenvironment includes all of the following EXCEPT: Competitors * The company...
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...1. An organization’s microenvironment is made up of actors, which are close to the company and affect the organization’s ability to serve it’s customers. Customers are actually one of the actors in a microenvironment. Marketers develop and market messages to appeal to a organization’s individual customer needs. Marketing Intermediaries are also an actor in an organization’s microenvironment. An intermediary like advertising or a transportation company could potentially increase or decrease customer satisfaction. Publics are also an actor. These publics are groups that may significantly impact marketing activities that are meant to contribute to a customers’ satisfaction with a product. 2. Demography is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics. The demographic environment is so important to marketers because these environments involve people, and people are what make up markets. 3. Millennials are people who were born from 1977-2000. They are of much interest to marketers because of how big of a market they create for now and the future. All of these Millennials embrace technology as a way of life, which creates more opportunities to market through social media. This marketing technique is effective because all of these Millennials understand how to use technology. 4. A trend that marketers must be aware of in the natural environment is the growing shortages of raw materials. Companies are...
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