...Is the free sharing of copyrighted material on the internet a morally acceptable action? Can we apply different moral philosophies to such a modern problem? In recent history, with the advent of peer-to-peer sharing programs and the free availability of many different types of media on the internet, the morality of the sharing of copyrighted material has come into question. In order to gain understanding on issue, we can apply several universal moral theories, including the Kantian, Utilitarian, and Rights Ethics philosophies. There are many users of the internet today, and a majority of them participate in file-sharing via the use of a wide variety of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. These people believe that what they are doing is not wrong, but rather one of their rights as consumers of media. In contrast to this, many people of the movie and music industries believe that their creative works are protected property and that file sharing takes away from the benefits that they receive from those works. By having the consumer purchase the media, it gives the creator both money to create more work and the added affirmation to generate more creations. This situation has arisen due to several factors; these factors include technological advances that provide the ability for free sharing of media, the opinions of several creators driving the arguments against sharing, and the wide popularity of the internet. Napster was one of the first widely used free-sharing networks. In June 1999...
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...Moral by definition means, "of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behavior". To get a better understanding of what that means here it is in less complicated terms. Moral means having the ability to differentiate between right and wrong. American citizens are starting to lose our morality. Citizens have started overlooking when the line is crossed and they don’t realize what is wrong and what is right anymore. There are two major places that lack morality. First, the home, terrible home life can create horrible outcomes and the prevention of prosperity to the American people. Secondly is the country as a whole, in America, we are a sinking ship that needs to be saved but not by another country but by ourselves. Starting with the...
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...systemic, corporate and individual ethical issues raised by the case? First of all what is ethics? According to Manuel G Velasquez “Ethics is the discipline that examines ones moral standard or the moral standards of a society. It asks how these standards applies to our lives and whether these standards are reasonable or unreasonable, that is, whether they are supported by good reasons or poor ones.” In a nut shell ethics is what individuals and the society view as being right or wrong. The case "Slavery in the Chocolate Industry" discusses labor exploitation in the chocolate industry. It specifically addresses the cocoa beans grown on farms in West Africa, especially the Ivory Coast and Ghana, which make up close to half of the world's chocolate. The cocoa farmers of these nations, rely on slaves to harvest their beans, and in some cases, enslavement of young males. The plight of the enslaved children was publicized around the world in September 2000 when True Vision, a British television company, took videos of slave boys on several Ivory Coast farms and broadcast a documentary in Britain and the United Sates. In 2002, the Chocolate Manufactures Association and the World Cocoa Foundations along with major producers signed an agreement to establish a system of certification to certify use of “slave free” cocoa beans. There are many ethical issues raised in this case, let’s commence with the systemic ethical issues such as Slavery. In Ivory Coast and Ghana two countries...
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...A. Steps to prevent baby dumping cases 1. Parents should pay more attention on their children Parents have to monitor their children's activities and behavior. They should guide them with some sex education and also teach them to differentiate between correct and wrong things to do in any situations. Besides that, they should spend more time communicating with their children to give a better understanding of what their children are actually doing. Restrict the number of pornography websites in our country Pornography is one of the ways which lead to baby dumping. Teenagers could access to pornography in just a few clicks on the internet. The parties who are involved should ban some of the pornographic websites, so that teenagers will not be able to access to pornography. 2.2.3 Moral behavior by the parents Parents play an important role to educate their children about sexual behavior, the way to stay out of sexual relationships and how dangerous is unprotected sex. All these must be explained to the children and they will be able to do things rationally. Parents should teach them the way to prevent pregnancy and what will happen when the children have free sex. 2.2.4. Sex education in school The school should provide proper sex education to the students so that they will know how important is his or her body and relationships. The students have to know more about sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and AIDS and how it affects human's body. The school counselor...
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...expression should be guaranteed in UK? Introduction Several countries oversee media in distant ways. The reason behind is to interpret the laws and regulations or principles of Human Rights as per Universal Declaration in divergent manner. The constitutional principles regarding Human Rights might include freedom of media, freedom of expression, freedom of thoughts and freedom of opinion. However, no particular universal definition is there for “Freedom of Expression.” All the events and current happenings play as a beginning point for government rules and regulations for freedom of expression in distinct contexts and peculiar political contexts. Mostly people agree upon that in a democratic society freedom of speech or freedom of expression is essential. The broadcast media, the press media and opponents of political parties must have the freedom of speech to over those who so ever are in power. This is the way to take individuals opinion about their leader’s accountable and express as a free citizen whatever they feel. So it does not make any difference how vulgar, indecent/coarse specific kind of expression it might be, an individual has got the right to express it and those who got to know this have the right to react on it. In order to cite the freedom of speech’s and expression’s role in a democratic society, this is necessary to pageant the demands of democratic society that is addressed to mass media; * When the officials and politicians of a state makes mistakes press...
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...founders were crafting the Bill of Rights—the first ten amendments to the Constitution, adopted in 1791 (Smith & Ross, 2013). All gun control debates turn on interpretations of the Second Amendment, the worst written and most bizarre part of the constitution (Eichenwald, 2015). The Second Amendment gave Americans the right to “bear arms;” however, for more than 200 years, people have disagreed over how to interpret the amendment (Smith & Ross, 2013). Heated debates over guns have created division among “we the people.” On one end of the divide are pro-gun extremists. On the opposite end of the divide are anti-gun extremists. Then, there is the rational middle—the group that is often left out of the debate. This group typically consists of average law-abiding citizens who do not believe that Americans should be stripped of their rights to bear arms, but, rather, that some laws should be tightened up to ensure that guns and deadly accessories, such as high-capacity magazines, stay out of the wrong hands. Over the years, numerous mass shootings in schools have forced lawmakers to assess and tighten gun-control laws, which has also reignited the fiery gun debate. This assessment will attempt to uncover a proper course of action via a rigorous analysis of constitutional law and ethical theories in order to restore the peace to a divided nation. The Issue Historically, the issue of gun violence seems to have haunted the right of American citizens to keep and...
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...Social cognitive theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |[pic] |This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to | | |reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) | |Psychology | |[pic] | |Outline | |History | |Subfields | |Basic types | |Abnormal | |Biological | |Cognitive | |Comparative | |Cultural | |Differential | |Developmental | |Evolutionary | |Experimental ...
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...Ethical Theories Everyday people are faced with decisions that are made using ethical and moral values. There are various ethical theories that philosophers have proposed throughout the last two millennia and I will discuss one theory that I feel is closest to how I make my decisions of right and wrong. Some people use the words of the Bible to make those decisions while some use rationing and reasoning. Whichever ethical theory one uses, they are still making ethical decisions to determine right from wrong. The Kantianism Theory is based on the theories of German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804). Many of the moral laws that Kant speaks of can be found within the Bible but also allows the laws to be derived through the process of reasoning. Meaning that one that follows the Kantianism Theory can explain why an action is right or wrong instead of simply stating it is wrong because it is written within a chapter and verse. Kant believed that moral universal laws should guide people’s actions. For instance, if a friend is wearing an outfit that you believe is not appropriate and they ask your opinion of such outfit, you should tell them the truth because telling the truth is the right thing to do, regardless if the outcome is not what the friend wants to hear. He also believed that people should treat one another as an end and never as a means to an end. For instance, if I go to an interview with the intention of being employed by that company for a short period...
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...influence the entertainment industry to put into place new rules, such as the one in NASCAR, to regulate “inappropriate” material, therefore increasing censorship. On top of this, the industry itself has begun to attempt a type of self-censorship. Although censorship has been around for ages, what is it and why does it exist? Censorship in today’s era is a higher power attempting to prevent disturbing or painful sights, sounds, or any other information form from reaching the public in order to keep a feeling of well moral being. However, the main question in today’s times is whether or not censorship is necessary in today’s world, and if the government should be able to force censorship on the entertainment industry. Though the case involving the NASCAR driver is the most recent ridiculous form of censorship, it has taken place throughout the history of entertainment itself. However, in the past ten years, after censorship laws had begun to loosen, the media and the government has once again begun to pull tighter on the censorship blindfold, covering...
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...millions of people in the world to be dependent on the Internet for information. Free accessibility gives people an easy opportunity to build upon their knowledge and skills. Internet activist, Aaron Swartz, dedicated his life to web openness because he believed public information should be equally accessible by everyone. He believed that sharing information was a moral imperative and fought against copyright laws pushed by corporations blinded by greed that led to the privatization of knowledge. Public information should be free and easily available to increase public awareness and general knowledge. Really Simple Syndication, developed by Aaron Swartz, is a major contribution to the general public. RSS instantly organizes and distributes a wide variety of information on the World Wide Web. RSS provides active information and notifies consumers immediately of new information. One of the most important uses of RSS is to enable and improve student research. A variety of resources in one easy location encourage sharing among peers and enhance comprehension of materials (Glotzbach, Mohler & Radwan, 2009). According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to education. Education is directed to the full development of human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and freedoms ("Universal declaration of," 1998). When education is free and easily available, people are able to increase their public and cultural awareness...
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...The Media and Its Responsibilities Student Name Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility – SOC 120 Instructor June 19, 2011 Today’s media has been granted access to military operations to report to our society the facts as they happen. Some may argue that certain military facts should not be revealed to the United States public. The media and the First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof: or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. (www.constitution.net). The law prohibited the publication of false, scandalous, and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States, with intent to defame or to stir up sedition within the United States. What the media seems to overlook is that specific acts in a combat zone have a purpose that may or may not comply with the morals of our society. The media takes utilitarianism the ethical theory that determines the moral value of an act in terms of its results and if those results produce the greatest good for the greatest number and uses it to report sensitive information. They also use another theory to appeal to the good nature and moral upbringing of Americans and that is their virtue ethics they focus...
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...Reducing the summer holiday of secondary education by 1 week Social Problem At first there were a lot of discussions about changing the mandatory school hours from 1000 to 1040. Now the government wants to shorten the summer holiday of all secondary schools in Holland. They want to shorten the holiday from 7 to 6 weeks. They have been discussing this topic for quite some time but the notion was eventually accepted on the 26th of June 2012. This will be introduced after the school year of 2013 to 2014. This would affect over 659 secondary schools, 939.629 students and 106.700 teachers (2011 studies), which is a very big group. This makes it a great social problem. Many newspapers and other media have addressed this social problem. To prevent this law from passing, teachers and students went on strikes. We do think this social problem has something to do with the rule of law, parliamentary problem and with a pluralist society. We don’t think it has something to do with Welfare state. Welfare state is more about the government supporting people economically or through healthcare. As this social problem is not about whether the government should support people, we don’t consider this to be within the theme of Welfare state. As it his got something to do with rules and laws(obligatory education, the minimum amount of school hours and the teachers and students right to have days off) and the freedom of people we think it is part of the theme Rule of Law. As for Parliamentary Democracy...
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...pregnancy is a mounting crisis in Malaysia. Those teenage mothers usually drop out of college and end up on welfare, as they are unable to shore up their infant. Why does this teenage young woman get pregnant? The answer is, there are many causes of teenage pregnancy. Obviously, the problems of baby dumping will keep arising as the number of teenage pregnancies is on the rise. The teenage pregnancies is the reason why implementing the character-based curriculum which includes sex education in schools and colleges is crucial in helping youth make right choice regarding high-risk behaviour such as having sex before marriage. The mentality of some politicians, parents and teachers who think that sex education will only teach youngsters to get involved in premarital sex should be avoided. The teens should also read good books and articles or surf the internet to get information on the dangers of premarital sex and its consequences. They should also attend character-building, moral uplifting and sex education programmers. They must be knowledgeable so that they will not fall into any plot or trap. In order to occupy the time the teens should join outdoor activities, uniform bodies or take up music classes to stay away from bad hats. Besides, the teenage mother also receives lack of support from their boyfriend and parents. Clearly the teen has to make the decision alone, and they do not have anyone to turn to and the man by then is not there anymore. To them, it is their fault because...
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...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...University of Cultural Diversity in Media Student Name: Student number: Course Name: Date: 1. Identify three different ways in which increasing cultural diversity in the media is beneficial for the media. Cultural diversity must be present in every form of media, because cultural diversity is nothing else than the respect towards other peoples’ differences. In countries where there is free press, media has a large influence on people. All different cultures could be affected or even insult by the opinion of one journalist. So to minimize peoples’ bad reactions, cultural diversity must be present in every form of media. "Observational materials and interpretations are presented in a simple, concrete, straightforward way, representing many diverse social perspectives and media sites. A great deal of information is presented that is highly informative to the reader about cultural diversity and its portrayal and misportrayal in various media." Imagine you as a owner of a popular newspaper in your city, even though there is free press, you have to keep cultural diversity on a high level, not just because of ethical reasons, but also to keep the rating of your newspaper and to maximize profits. But the most important is that tensions will be held on a normal level. A country cannot exist and operate without tolerance and cultural diversity, and so is the media. 3. What are the three most important things a journalist must think of when reporting of ethnicity? ...
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