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Mr. X's Biological Theory

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The development of many mental disorders are proved to have been related to biological vulnerability and/or some form of brain abnormality (Sue et al., 2016). Consistent to this, numerous studies provided evidence that genetic inheritance was a key feature of the biological contribution on the development of major depression (e.g. Klein, Lewinsohn, Rohde, Seely & Durbin 2002; Schreier, Höfler, Wittchen & Lieb 2006). However, Mr. X’s case did not present any family history of depression which meant that there were no evidences that him having depression was associated with genetics.
Ingram & Ritter (2000) noted that several cognitive theories suggested that disruptions on the basic bonding processes between a child and their caretaker produce …show more content…
X experienced childhood maltreatment which involves physical, verbal and emotional abuse in conjunction with physical and emotional neglect. With that, the effect of his mother’s death to his psychological health was even severed by the abuses he endured. According to Scott, McLaughlin, Smith & Ellis (2012) as cited in Kim et al (2013), a chronic and severe depressive mood disorder in adulthood would likely result if there were history of childhood maltreatment. Specifically, Vares, Salum, Spanemberg, Caldieraro, Souza, Borges & Fleck (2016) identified that among the modalities of childhood maltreatment, emotional abuse has the higher association with depression. This signifies that the more specific emotional abuse an individual experienced as a child, the higher that individual’s chances for developing cognitive symptoms of depression when becoming depressed later in life. With these, emotional abuse proved to be the most predictive factor for psychological symptoms compared to any other form of childhood maltreatment (Dias et al., 2015 as cited in Vares et al., …show more content…
In Mr. X’s case, his relationship with his father could be a possible explanation why he had depression. As stated by Mr. X, his father never provided his desires in childhood, particularly his demands like toys, new dress, storybooks and others after the death of his real mother. According to Lara & Klein (1990 as cited in Batool, 2012), poor parenting was a component of depression. Specifically, it has been reported by Otowa, Gardner, Kendler & Hettema, (2013) that parental inadequacy towards a child was correlated to psychopathology . As can be seen in Mr. X’s case, his father failed to provide him his needs rendering Mr. X with insufficient parenting. This has been coupled with their dysfunctional quality of parent-child relationship which consequently be considered to be correlated with psychopathology (Otowa, Gardner, Kendler & Hettema,

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