...As we approach the end of the second quarter of 2013, the labour market is awash with disputes. What are the factors that have led to these disputes? Also analyse the nature and types of these disputes. It must be borne in mind that the labour market does not exist in isolation as it is linked to other markets in the economy. Changes in economic variables such as interest rates, rent, cost of utilities and other inputs into production trigger a response from labour and the labour market. The labour market itself also influences the behaviour of other markets through wages. Wage levels in a labour market give an indication to the pulse of the heartbeat of an economy. Where wages are in tandem with economic fundamentals the labour market will be in equilibrium, however where there is disequilibrium disputes are rife. In the case of Zimbabwe, the assertion that as we approach the end of the second quarter of 2013 the labour market is awash with disputes seems to hold water since the economy is in disequilibrium. The nature and types of these disputes and their causative factors will be dealt with in the discussion below. To begin with a definition of some few terms will help in putting this discussion into perspective. “A dispute” means a dispute relating to any matter concerning employment which is governed by this Act (Labour Act, 2006:5). Another definition of a dispute is an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between for example, workers and employers...
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...INTRODUCTION This paper focuses on 3 current trends occurring in the Australian labour market, analysing their causes and effects. The chosen trends are structural unemployment, gender pay gap and skill shortage. The main causes of the first trend are increase demand for services and technological change, which have led us into a new era where highly skilled labour force is needed to operate more complex machineries and computer systems. The rapid technological change has caused structural unemployment, with workers willing to work but cannot because of their lack of required skills. The second trend, gender pay gap, illustrates how wide the pay gap between males and females is until today. The main causes of this current direction are the persisting stereotype of the male brad-winner, the feminisation of some particular industry and more importantly non-union collective agreement. The results of this general direction limit the potentials of the Australian national income and create a culture of discrimination. The third and last trend, skill shortage, is generated by cut in investment in skill development, difficulties in retaining the employees and variation of demand for labour. These phenomenons foster inefficiency and impossibility to produce at full employment of resources. TREND 1: STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT One of the major trends that can be noticed in the Australian labour market is the steady presence of structural unemployment. Most of the definitions found...
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...List the possible alternatives 3. Identify the possible outcomes or states of nature 4. List the payoff or profit of each combination of alternatives and outcomes 5. Select one of the mathematical decision theory models 6. Apply the model and make your decision 1 Thompson Lumber Company Step 1 – Define the problem Expand by manufacturing and marketing a new product, backyard storage sheds Step 2 – List alternatives Construct a large new plant A small plant No plant at all Step 3 – Identify possible outcomes The market could be favorable or unfavorable Possible outcomes are also called “States of Nature” Thompson Lumber Company Step 4 – List the payoffs Identify conditional values for the conditional large, small, and no plants for the two possible market conditions Payoffs or profits are called conditional values 2 Thompson Lumber Company Step 4 – List the payoffs conditional Identify conditional values for the large, small, and no plants for the two possible market conditions STATE OF NATURE FAVORABLE MARKET ($) UNFAVORABLE MARKET ($) Construct a large plant 200,000 Construct a small plant 100,000 -180,000 -20,000 ALTERNATIVE Do Nothing 0 0 Thompson Lumber Company Step 4 – List the payoffs Identify conditional values for the conditional large, small, and no plants for the two possible market conditions Step 5 – Select the decision model Depends on the environment and ...
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...Probability | State of Nature | P(Favourable result|State of Nature) | Prior Probability | Joint Probability | P(State of Nature|Favourable result) | Successful Market | 0.70 | × 0.50 | = 0.35 | 0.350.45=0.78 | Unsuccessful Market | 0.20 | × 0.50 | = 0.10 | 0.100.45=0.22 | P(Favourable result) = | 0.45 | 1.00 | | Conditional Probability | | Posterior Probability | State of Nature | P(Unfavourable result |State of Nature) | Prior Probability | Joint Probability | P(State of Nature|Unfavourable result) | Successful Market | 0.30 | × 0.50 | = 0.15 | 0.150.55=0.27 | Unsuccessful Market | 0.80 | × 0.50 | = 0.40 | 0.400.55=0.73 | P(Unfavourable result) = | 0.55 | 1.00 | Revised probabilities for Pilot study: | Conditional Probability | | Posterior Probability | State of Nature | P(Favourable result |State of Nature) | Prior Probability | Joint Probability | P(State of Nature|Favourable result) | Successful Market | 0.80 | × 0.50 | = 0.40 | 0.400.45=0.8889 | Unsuccessful Market | 0.10 | × 0.50 | = 0.05 | 0.050.45=0.1111 | P(Favourable result) = | 0.45 | 1.00 | | Conditional Probability | | Posterior Probability | State of Nature | P(Unfavourable result |State of Nature) | Prior Probability | Joint Probability | P(State of Nature|Unfavourable result) | Successful Market | 0.20 | × 0.50 | = 0.10...
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...See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235266981 International business and finance scholarship ARTICLE in RESEARCH IN GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT · JUNE 2008 DOI: 10.1016/S1064-4857(08)00001-6 CITATION READS 1 11 1 AUTHOR: Raj Aggarwal University of Akron 203 PUBLICATIONS 1,943 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Raj Aggarwal Retrieved on: 23 February 2016 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND FINANCE SCHOLARSHIP Raj Aggarwal ABSTRACT This chapter explores how scholarly work in the fields of Finance and International Business (IB) can be mutually supportive. First, it is clear that technology has been a major driver of modern developments in both Finance and IB. Second, Finance can provide many insights into IB scholarship since it has much to say about firm operations and strategy. Third, IB scholarship with its focus on culture also provides significant opportunities for a better understanding of the global aspects of Finance. Finally, it is contended that transaction-costs economics provides an excellent theoretical and fundamental basis for bringing together IB concepts and Finance scholarship. However, while the potential for Finance and IB scholarship to contribute to each other is great, such advances must await the removal of cultural barriers between the two disciplines. INTRODUCTION The field of IB generally focuses on inter-national business, that is, business across national boundaries and...
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...that offer a similar service and are organizations that maybe are a little more positioned on the market. If we analyze the market environment and the forces we must add that the products that are being offered in the web must be cheaper and they must have something special and attractive for the customers. There must be something that buyers can’t find on a usual store. As we know, the internet is being nowadays one of the bigger ways of doing business. That´s why eBay has a big responsibility with the buyers and all people that have access to them. 2. How has the change in the nature of eBay sellers affected the creation of the value for buyers? They lost the empathy that they had with the traditional sellers. Maybe the buyers were used to the nature that the traditional sellers were attending them. They created a value with that kind of treatment and they were happy, satisfied and comfortable with the idea of buying in eBay. That is the reason of what everything went down; everything was going good, good profits and happy buyers. That change in the nature of the eBay sellers were a little different of what buyers were expecting and has taken time for them to get used. Create value for clients is not an easy thing; it takes time and only is possible if they feel good with the nature of the sellers and with the nature of the service. If they are offering a bad service or the nature that the buyers aren’t expecting, the brand is...
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...Situational Analysis & Positioning for By Nature Handmade Soaps Client: Darlene Del Mundo Brand: By Nature Handmade Soaps Date: January 23, 2012 The contents of this publication are intended exclusively for the personal information of the client to the exclusion of every other interpretation. Copyright © Thrive Tactics, 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Philippines License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ph/ Situational Analysis & Positioning for By Nature Handmade Soaps by Thrive Tactics Situational Analysis & Positioning for By Nature Handmade Soaps by Thrive Tactics 4 The Global Cultural Wave: Eco-awareness Eco-friendly goods are going mainstream in the Philippine market nowadays because of the growing concerns over global environmental problems. The effects of actual, first-hand experiences such as Ondoy & Habagat, among other recent calamities caused by environmental negligence, has compelled Filipinos to embrace environmental consciousness. This is a mindset born out of the realization that human life and the preservation of the environment/the planet are very closely interconnected realities. One cannot flourish without the other. Therefore, there is a strongly emerging mindset of integrating environment-friendly measures into everyday life. As consumers, people are beginning to integrate environmental impact into buying decisions –...
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...Business Systems Whitley defines business systems as: ‘Distinctive ways of organizing economic activities that develop interdependently with dominant institutions in market economies. As the title of the article already mentions, it is about business systems. The author, Richard Whitley, divided the article over three parts and talks about the nature of business systems, the characteristics of business systems and the institutional influences on business systems. We will try to critically review this article using additional literature. We will try to identify the main points of the author and not summarize the article, and give arguments of whether it is useful for the fact book or not. Nature of business systems. The first part of Whitley’s theory is about the nature of business systems. He theorizes that business systems are patterns of economic organization that become institutionalized depending on the market economy( Whitley 1997). The nature of the business system depends on the institutions in the society of the business system. When institutions mutually strengthen each other, the business systems are better incorporated in the society. This might be of interest for the fact book, because it can be important for the investors. The state has a significant impact on the market economy, this part of the theory focuses on the degree of institutionalism. In our country comparison it might be of importance to look at this subject. Investors will probably agree that a...
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...Market structure refers to the interchanging characteristic of the market. These aspects are able to influence business decisions by altering the marketing mix and business strategies such as pricing, competition, efficiency and supply. Although there are many features within market structures it could be argued that the numbers of firms is the most important as it relates to scales, extent of foreign competition, the nature of the demand curve, freedom of entry to industry and the nature of product. The main four market structures are prefect competition, monopoly, oligopoly also known of duopoly and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is a market structure that has many firms that have no barriers to entry. It is easily accessible for new/ start-up companies, as they would have no problems with joining while producing a standardized product. Pricing is normally relatively low as most companies would not have the resources or capital to expand or develop the product. Start-up sole traders, such as convenience stores, are typical examples of perfect competition businesses. For such businesses being part of this environment is an advantage as high levels of competition can increase efficiency through the use of resources benefiting both the business and their customers. However due to the nature of the market, most companies are small so capital is limited, limiting how much the business can do making it harder to expand and grow within the market. Monopolistic...
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...12 14 a. X2 c. Y2 b. Y1 e. X1 d. X3 The following payoff table is using for next 6 questions. 2. (1 pt) What decision would an optimist make? a. Alternative 1 c. State of Nature A b. Alternative 2 e. Alternative 3 d. Do Nothing 3. (1 pt) What decision would a pessimist make? a. Alternative 1 c. State of Nature B b. Alternative 2 e. Alternative 3 d. Do Nothing 4. (1 pt) What is the best decision if using Criterion Realism (Hurwicz) approach? α = 0.7 a. Alternative 1 c. State of Nature C b. Alternative 2 e. Alternative 3 d. Do Nothing Powered by TAs (Le Phuoc Thien Thanh and Le Nhat Ho) | Fall 2013. [Quantitative Methods for Business] | MIDTERM EXAMINATION: SAMPLE TEST X1 1 International University IU 5. (1 pt) What is the best decision if using Equally Likely (Laplace) approach? a. Alternative 1 c. State of Nature A b. Alternative 2 e. Alternative 3 d. Do Nothing 6. (1 pt) What is the best decision if using Minimax regret approach? a. Alternative 1 c. State of Nature A b. Alternative 2 e. Alternative 3 d. Do Nothing 7. (1 pt) Given probability of state of nature P(A) = 30%, P(B) = 30%, P(C) = 40%. What is the best decision if using EOL approach? c. State of Nature A b. Alternative 2 e. Alternative 3 d. Do Nothing 8. (1 pt) A rational decision maker must choose between two alternatives. Alternative 1 has a higher EMV than Alternative 2, but the decision...
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...Nazmul Hossain Lecturer Adjunct Faculty Department of Business Administration East West University 43 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka Subject: Submission of term paper on marketing plan of fashion house “Pata”. Dear Sir, I am pleased to present a work on marketing plan of fashion house “pata”. This work describes about a new brand name, logic behind these brand name, targeting the market and positioning in market. It would be beneficial for our future career and business development. I tried my best to make this assignment. I enjoyed working on this interesting subject and if you have any further queries, I will be glad to respond to them. Thanking you, Sincerely, Debasish Chakraborty Id: 2009-1-10-215 Cell: 01911 249 101 Executive Summary When this plan was being done, one thing came to my mind that is there will be an unique plan. This project has been completed on the basis of real assumptions and measurements so that it is possible to make real. But it does not contain a successful information because there ware no chance to do huge market survey on the segmented market. This plan is a long term plan and the objective of the company will be achieved on the basis of intelligent marketing activities. The concept of “Pata” fashion house is unique as far my knowledge and I have an intention to establish this fashion house in practical life. All the possible areas have been covered due to few limitations....
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...stores also sell packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and items such as mugs and tumblers. Starbucks Evenings locations also offer a variety of beers, wines, and appetizers after 4pm. Through the Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand, the company also markets books, music, and film. Many of the company's products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks-brand ice cream and coffee are also offered at grocery stores. From Starbucks' founding in 1971 in Seattle as a local coffee bean roaster and retailer, the company has expanded rapidly. Since 1987, Starbucks has opened on average two new stores every day. The first store outside the United States or Canada opened in the mid-1990s, and overseas stores now constitute almost one third of Starbucks' stores. The company planned to open a net of 900 new stores outside of the United States in 2009, but has announced 300 store closures in the United States since 2008. [ (Wikipedia) ] Stakeholder Expectation * Shareholders * Stockholders Nature of Interest * Receive a satisfactory return on investments (dividends) * Realize appreciation in stock value over time * Stockholders Nature of Power * Exercising voting rights based on share ownership * Exercising...
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...Executive Summary 2. Company Overview and Project Focus - Company Background - Company Mission - Sources of Competitive Advantage - Course Project Focus - Market Opportunity/Problem Statement 3. Situational Analysis - Industry Analysis o Market Size o Market Growth o Market Trends - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis - Competition - Customer Analysis - Product (AND 4 P )Analysis – WHAT IS the current marketing mix 4. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) – WHAT IS it currently - Market Segments - Target Market Identification - Positioning 5. Marketing Strategy & Marketing Mix Recommendations (THIS IS YOUR PLAN) Marketing Strategy (What should it BE?) - Market Segments - Target Market Identification - Positioning If it is the same, then you just need to explain that and justify it. (For example, if you are suggesting improving the current product to sell more to the current customer (market penetration) or if you are suggesting launching a new product for current customers (product development), then your segment would be the same. Else, it might change. Marketing Mix (What should it BE? ) ...
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...of Technological Project (control of nature for human benefit) was introduced by Bacon and Descartes. This was very important because at the time, many people thought in terms of conformity to nature, not in terms of transforming nature for human benefit. Thinking in terms of conformity constrains individual freedom as far as innovation, which is the opposite of what TP is trying to accomplish. Inner-directed individuals are required for TP in order to produce innovative ideas that are both scientific and technical, in order to understand and control natural processes. Such individuals are considered to be autonomous thinkers. Free market economy is essential to the idea of TP. Free market society is a system in which goods and services are exchanged, and privately owned. The reason this is essential is because free market society creates and involves competition. Having a free market society, that is competitive, leads to innovation. Competition is in my mind, the basis for innovation. People would not be driven to innovate or think in such creative ways if they were not being challenged, or competing against others is such an economy. Innovation (which is derived from free market economy and its competition) is very important in terms of TP. In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that a free market economy encouraged innovation. He believed that innovation was derived from the specialization of labor. The free market economy leads to division of labor which...
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...0 Analysing Marketing Opportunities 4.3 Competitors Overview………………………………………………………….5 4.4 Macroenvironment Analysis……………………………………………………5 4.5 Consumer Behavour (DMP)……………………………………………………6 4.0 Selecting Target Market(s) 5.6 Market Segmentation…………………………………………………………...7 5.7 Profile of segment………………………………………………………………8 5.8 Target Market…………………………………………………………………...8 5.9 Proposed Positioning Strategies………………………………………………...9 5.0 Marketing Mix Strategies 6.10 Product………………………………………………………………………….10 6.11 Price……………………………………………………………………………..10 6.12 Place……………………………………………………………………………..10 6.13 Promotion………………………………………………………………………..10 6.0 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………12 7.0 References…………………………………………………………………………….....13 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following marketing plan forms the basis for introduction of new product and new brand to Malaysian market. The product is Missha Snail Cream from Missha Cosmetic, A South Korea Cosmetic Company. Missha Snail Cream is a skincare product that is effective in healing, soothing and regenerating the skin. The analysis allows us to select the best strategies for this product. Out main aim is penetrating the Malaysian market and become the top brand of cosmetic in this country. Success will be reflected by the number of sales, of course and loyal customer of the brand. 2.0 INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW The beauty of a woman is not in a facial mode but the...
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