...Title: Physical/Chemical Changes Purpose: To determine the distinct characteristics of physical and chemical changes and to be able to distinguish between the two. Procedure: I placed 4 drops of each chemical listed in wells A1-B2. Wells A2 and B1 have two observations as they had two chemical reactions. When a chemical mixture did in fact produce a chemical reaction, I listed it in the “Chemical change (Y/N)” column and all other observations can be found in the “Observations” column. Data Tables: Exercise #1: |Well |Chemical #1 |Chemical #2 |Observations |Chemical change (Y/N) | |A1 |NaHCO3 |HCl |Chemicals bubbled when mixed together and |Yes | | |Sodium Bicarbonate |Hydrochloric |bubbles were white in appearance. | | | | |Acid | | | |A2 |NaOCl |KI |Observation 1: Chemicals turned yellow. |1: Yes | | |Sodium Hypochlorite |Potassium |Observation 2: Mixture turned black and became |2: Yes | | | |Iodide |shiny. ...
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...Lab Report for Experiment #4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes Student's Name __________ __________ Date of Experiment ___ _________ Date Report Submitted _________________ Title: (copy from lab, 1 point) Purpose: (copy from lab, 1 point) Changes to the Procedure by Instructors: 1. Do not test the odor of the samples. 2. In this lab the test tubes can get very dirty and cleaning is difficult. Your test tube may break, but don’t worry about it you will not need them again this term. Dispose carefully in the trash. Have you made any changes to the procedure? Please explain: Fill out the data sheet (page 3) for the experiment and answer the questions. Note: read the lab introduction for clarification on the difference between physical and chemical changes. Remember that a physical change often occurs during a chemical change, but a chemical change does not always happen when a physical change occurs. If you still have questions ask your instructor. From experiment # 1 we learned that a chemical change results in a color change, the formation of bubbles, the formation of a precipitate, or a change of temperature. Keep that in mind when you are deciding whether a physical or chemical change has occurred. Data Table (8 points) Read carefully before you begin your experiment! Be complete when writing your observations. One word observations are not usually complete. If there is a color change, include the color before and after. For...
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...Ralloma Jennifer Caraway CHEM 1405-034 April 9, 2014 Balancing and Classifying Synthesized Chemical Reactions Abstract During the experimentation, physical and chemical properties of unaltered elements/compounds were noted. The alteration of these physical and chemical properties, were understood to have defined chemical change. The experimental procedures were divided into five phases: Magnesium and Oxygen, Zinc and Copper(II) Sulfate, Metals and HCl, Reactions of Ionic Compounds, and the Sodium Carbonate and HCl. Different Reactions were noted for each respective phase. When necessary, a numerical coefficient would be added before the name of the formula on either the reactant's or product's side to achieve a balanced chemical equation. Introduction Explosion of fireworks, pharmaceutical drugs(medicine), and fuel, what do they have in common? A chemical reaction! Most of these chemical reactions naturally occur without us having the slightest idea on that they exist. The focus of this experiment is to differentiate and classify different types of chemical reactions, and be aware of the significance and importance of these chemical reactions in our lives. One of the primary methods to classifying a synthesized chemical reaction is determining if it came from a : Combination, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Decomposition, or a Combustion Reaction. Physical and Chemical Properties of the unaltered substances were noted and recorded as it was believed to have influenced...
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...Mr.Kronk Honors Chemistry Bell 1 29 August 2015 Lakota West Lab Purpose The purpose of this lab is to identify physical and chemical changes and differentiate between the two. Procedure Procedure is found on the Physical and Chemical Changes lab at Lakota West lab. Use plastic pipets. On #4 change the experiment to mixing 5 mL of NaCl with 2-3 drops of silver nitrate. On #9 replace regular test tube with a disposable one. Omit the last experiment. Materials Disposable Test Tubes Magnet Test Tubes Paper towels Plastic Pipets Beakers Bunsen burner Rubber Policeman Splint (for burning) Test Tube rack Tongs Safety Don’t stare at burning magnesium. On # 9 have beaker of water ready prior to burning mixture, also when plunging mixture in the water submerge the entire test tube. Data Table Experiment Observations 1 | Wax melted yellow and cooled yellow. | 2 | Formed a white precipitate floating on top. | 3 | Forms a milky, chunky mixture. | 4 | Tiny “poof” noise. | 5 | Burns an extremely bright white light. | 6 | Turned the powder white and produced smoke, water turned it back to blue. | 7 | Turned white and mixture dropped in temperature. | 8 | Pulled the iron out of the mixture. | 9 | Not magnetic pull. | Conclusion The purpose of the lab was achieved because physical and chemical changes were both identified and differentiated. A possible source of error was on #4 the reaction could have ended before the burning...
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...atomic number with both their chemical and physical properties showing a periodic pattern. Students through carrying of laboratory experiments discover these properties of elements in the periodic table. Major properties to be examined are first ionization energy, atomic radius, physical and chemical properties. Purpose To understand periodic trends as it relates to atomic radius, first ionization energy, physical and chemical properties of elements. Equipments and Materials 8 test-tubes Aluminum (Al) Magnesium (Mg) Silicon (Si) Bunsen burner...
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...Chapter 1: Matter and Energy Spring 2013 Topics 2 Chapter 1 Topics Matter and its Classification Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Energy and Energy Changes (skip) Scientific Inquiry Chapter 1 Math Toolboxes Scientific Notation (exponential notation) Significant Figures Units and Conversions Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter Chemistry is a branch of physical science, concerned with the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Forms of energy are NOT matter. Heat and light, for example, do not occupy space and have no mass. Consider the different forms of matter and energy in this picture. 3 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter We classify matter so that we can understand it better. One way to classify matter is as pure substances or mixtures. 4 Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter – Pure Substances Pure Substances: have the same composition throughout, and from sample to sample. can be further classified as either elements or compounds. 5 Pure Substances Elements Compounds Chem 100 Spring 2014 Pure Substances - Elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances even by a chemical reaction. 6 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Elements and their Symbols Element symbols often consist of one...
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...Carmel Vijay Chemistry Lab 227 Zach Sailor November 8, 2013 Observing Chemical Reactions Beginning Question When a chemical reaction takes place, is it always accompanied by a physical change? Explain. Bunsen burner The Bunsen burner is a device in use these days to safely burn a continuous stream of a flammable gas such as natural gas, propane, or butane. The completeness of the combustion reaction affects the amount of air mixed with the gas stream. When a gas stream is well mixed with air, it provides oxygen in an equimolar amount which results in a complete and hotter reaction. We learned how to control the amount of air that is provided for the appearance of a blue flame, which is considered the right flame for a reaction. The evidence that led me to this conclusion was a few articles that explained that the yellow flame or also known as the “dirty flame” leaves behind a layer of carbon on whatever it is heating. Also when tested on a piece of copper wire, it took a longer time for a reaction to occur, whereas the blue flame created a faster reaction which stripped the copper coating off the wire. Chemical reaction The chemical reactions that were chosen, were chose based on which reaction is a more “green” reaction. A1: place a pea-sized amount if baking soda NaHCO3 in a test tube. Add 10-20 drops of vinegar drop wise. B2: place approx. 1Ml of 0.1M of MgCl2 in a test tube. Add an equal volume of NaOH drop wide. Stir well. C1: drop a pea-sized wad of...
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...Chemical and Mechanical Weathering of Rock Lab Lauren Templeton, Heather Mullen, Katherine Welmaker, Becca Gojda 2 October 2015 Abstract This lab explores several different forms of weathering and the specific effects they have on rocks. Mechanical Weathering was found to reduce the weight of different types of rocks more efficiently than others. Geological Changes were found to make small physical changes to the exterior of the rock. Glacial Changes were found to affect the ground through the the sand the “glacier” moved around. Chemical Weathering was found to quickly dissolve the marble but not the granite. Oxidation was found to dissolve the pyrite very quickly and continue to dissolve it over the next 2-3 days. Organic Processes were found to have a major physical effect on the paste as it broke it apart. Materials Bean Seeds, 10 Magnifying glass Calcium sulfate, CaSO4, 2 spoonfuls Marker Granite chips, 20 g Paper towels Halite chips, 15 g Pipets, Beral, graduated Hydrochloric acid solution, HCl, 1 M, 15 mL Plastic cups, small, 3 Ice cube Sample container...
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...no make-up • Laboratory: 25% • Final Exam: 20% • Homework: Encouraged but not mandatory • Problem Set: Provides but not mandatory • Final withdrawal day: Nov. 10th, 2014 Introductory Chemistry 4 Lab Report/Grade Guideline • Pre-lab write-up (30%): Complete before lab starts, will be checked and signed for completeness – – – – Title/Date Aim/Purpose Introduction Procedures • Lab Performance and Quality of data (25%): will be checked and signed when leaving lab – Observations – Collect and record data • Post-lab (40%) – Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), – Discussions/Conclusions – Post-lab questions if any • Overall Report Neatness (5%) • Report due one week after the completion of experiment for full credit; after two weeks, no report will be accepted, and no credit will be given; between one week and two weeks, there will be 20% penalty. Introductory Chemistry 5 Lab Report Format 1. Title 2. Date 3. Aim/Purpose 4. Introduction 5. Step-by-step Procedures 6. Observations 7. Collected and recorded data 8. Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), 9. Discussions 10. Conclusions 11. Post-lab questions if any Introductory Chemistry 6...
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...and regulation of ions and water, which are the basics of urine formation, starts in the nephrons: the functional units of the kidney. Explaining in brief, blood flows from the afferent arteriole to the glomerulus. Here plasma is filtrated through a process called glomerular filtration. The filtrate formed, flows to the proximal convoluted tubule from the glomerulus, then proceeds to flow onto the loop of Henley, and then to the distal convoluted tubule. Finally, the filtrate flows into the collecting duct. It has to be taken into note that with the flow of filtrate through the tubules, the filtrate composition changes due to tubular secretion and reabsorption, finally results in the fluid called, ‘urine’. Urine is defined as a sterile, fluid by-product of metabolic reactions in the body. Since urination is the primary method for excreting toxins, chemicals and drugs from the body, studying a urine sample can provide information about the state and functioning of the body. Analysing the composition and other factors of urine is referred to as Urinalysis and it is a major diagnostic tool used in medicine. A urinalysis can reveal important facts like the state of health and functioning of parts of the body’s excretory system like detecting systemic diseases affecting the kidneys and renal calculi and presence of metabolic disorders in the body and can also detect infections that could be prevailing within the body. A urinalysis is...
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...Escalona Rachel joy Canilas Jhon Rex Benico Rochelle Lasic Katherin Mendoza Karen Jeane Banatao Activity #1 Evidences of Chemical Change Name : Ellene C. Gabane III-Malinis Group mates Name : Date : Feb. 13 , 2014 Hazel Gubuan Searl Paul Escalona Rachel joy Canilas Jhon Rex Benico Rochelle Lasic Katherin Mendoza Karen Jeane Banatao Introduction This report refers to the changes that occur when substances undergo chemical change. A chemical change involves the formation of new substances. The properties and composition of the new substances vary greatly with those of the original substance. Physical changes involve changes in physical properties, such as size, shape, and density, or changes in phase (solid to gas, liquid to solid) without undergoing a change in the composition of the substance. This experiment is where the substance in original appearance was changed into another form of substance or solution. The objective was to observe the three solutions when there was a change in chemical form and its appearance. A chemical change is indicated either by changes color, formation of a solid compound or precipitate, release of a gas, or release or absorption of heat. Materials : Potassium iodide egg shell lead...
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...In each part of the investigation, identify the type of change that took place and support it with evidence from your observation table. Test A: A chemical change occurred. I know this because bubbles formed when the two substances mixed. I also know this because a gas was formed, and an indicator of a chemical change is when a new substance forms. Test B: A chemical change occurred. I know this because there was both a production of light, and a production of heat. Also, the change that occurred is irreversible. Test C: A chemical change occurred. I know this because the mixture was opaque, while the copper was translucent before mixing. I also know this because small bubbles formed when the substances were mixed. This is also an irreversible...
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...LAB RESEARCH 1 PROCEDURES IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE EBONI G JOE 5/4/14 SCI 110 PROFESSOR A 1) Astronomy is the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space and the physical universe in whole. Three specific challenges to making direct measurements in the fields of astronomy are: How to calculate how far away the stars are from the earth? How hot does the sun get? And how could we tell that there is life on Mars? The way that scientist have utilized indirect forms of measure to overcome these challenges are. To measure how far the stars are away from earth astronomers measures the distances to the close –by object. Then use the measurements observations to measure the other distance in the galaxies. This is a difficult because scientist cannot really make the correct measurements, its’ just a guess. Scientist can make direct measurements by using the Parallax to determine the distance of the stars, which can also guess the position of the plants. For the measurement of how hot the sun can get NASA scientists have not been able to get close enough to the sun to actually determine how hot the sun is. Scientist estimate the temperature of the sun by how much radiation that comes from the ball of gas, the gamma-rays and also the X-rays from the sun are measured to be very hot according to www.imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov. The scientist uses a formula to measure the volume, density of the sun and the radius helps determine how hot the sun maybe. Scientist cannot get close...
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...How does a physical or chemical change affect the mass of a substance within a closed system? Our hypothesis to this question was, if a chemical change affects the mass, then the mass will change. Our second hypothesis was, if a physical change occurs, then the mass would stay the same. Changes in matter happen all around us everyday. When we use a coloured pencil, they change in the size of how hard you are pushing on the coloured pencil which dulls it out. When you chew food it, changes its size so we as humans can swallow. Matter is anything that has mass and volume, that can go through chemical and physical changes. When physical change happens, no new substance is created because the molecules of the substance remain the same. As for when...
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...Method – Systematic approach to finding out how things work. (i.e., structured and disciplined way to study things) Deliberate way of asking questions about things we don’t yet understand. Start with observation – Sensing the world around us with our 5 senses or with augmented abilities such as scientific instruments; – seeing a particular event or occurrence; Scientists then make proposed, tentative explanations < - - i.e., hypothesis (a predictive guess) and plan out detailed experiments or detailed observations to see if the tentative explanation is correct (i.e., true). Test that tentative explanation [pic] Make some observations of the image above. Ideas: -What motivates this behavior? -Is the bird feeding? -Does the bird choose this flower because of its color? -Does the flower benefit from the bird’s behavior? Observations made and the questions they raise allow us to propose tentative explanations, or hypotheses. By making these observations, you can propose tentative explanations (hypotheses). A good hypothesis makes predictions about observations not yet made or experiments not yet run, i.e., Testable Predictions. Once a hypothesis has been supported by experiments and observations, it can become a theory. Note that, in general conversation, the term theory is often synonymous with...
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